NUWARD’s Post

Unlocking the Future: Overcoming Hydrogen Storage & Supply Chain Challenges As the world transitions to a low-carbon economy, hydrogen has emerged as a promising clean energy source. Yet, realizing its full potential hinges on overcoming significant storage and supply chain challenges. Let’s explore: Storage Dilemma: Hydrogen, though energy-dense by weight, is extremely low in volume density. To store 1 kg of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, you'd need a tank of about 11,000 liters! This makes storage in gaseous form impractical for large-scale use. Compression Costs: Compressing hydrogen to 700 bar—a typical storage method—requires about 12% of its energy content just for compression. While this helps increase volume density, the energy loss and high costs hinder adoption. Cryogenic Liquefaction: Another option is liquefied hydrogen storage, which involves cooling hydrogen to -253°C. However, the liquefaction process consumes 30-40% of the energy in hydrogen, making it energy-intensive and expensive. Infrastructure Gaps: Hydrogen infrastructure is still in its infancy. Currently, only 470 hydrogen refueling stations exist globally, with 33,000 needed by 2030 to support hydrogen-powered transport. This massive shortfall poses a significant challenge to scaling the hydrogen economy. Transportation Complexities: Transporting hydrogen in its compressed or liquefied form requires specialized infrastructure. Pipelines, though efficient, are limited, with only 4,500 km of hydrogen pipelines globally, compared to 3 million km of natural gas pipelines. Despite these challenges, hydrogen is integral to achieving Net Zero goals. With investments projected to reach $500 billion by 2030, innovation in storage technologies and supply chain logistics will be key to unlocking its potential. The road is steep, but the destination—clean, sustainable energy—is well worth the effort. #HydrogenEconomy #EnergyTransition #GreenHydrogen #NetZeroGreenBharat #Sustainability #FutureOfEnergy #CleanEnergy

#Hydrogen is a promising zero greenhouse gas fuel, but its current affordability is hindered by reliance on fossil fuels for production. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) aims to lower #GreenHydrogen production costs to $1 per kilogram by 2031 through incentives and tax credits. However, creating green hydrogen efficiently and #sustainably presents challenges due to the complex and energy-intensive process of electrolysis. Head of Commercial Development for PXiSE Energy Solutions, Andy Miller explains that stabilizing power input from #renewable resources is crucial for reliable hydrogen production, favoring proton exchange membrane #electrolyzers over alkaline ones. Achieving affordable hydrogen production will require collaboration across energy sectors to develop innovative approaches and technologies.

🔵🟢🌫️ Think hydrogen is just about colors like gray, blue, and green? There's a whole spectrum of technologies powering hydrogen production! Let’s dive into the 7 key types and what makes each unique. 🚀 1️⃣ Gray Hydrogen: The most common method today, using natural gas through steam methane reforming (SMR). It's cost-effective but releases CO2, calling for carbon capture solutions to mitigate environmental impact. 2️⃣ Blue Hydrogen: This is gray hydrogen’s cleaner counterpart. By adding carbon capture and storage (CCS) to SMR, CO2 emissions are significantly reduced, making it a more sustainable option. 3️⃣ Green Hydrogen: Produced via electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources like solar or wind, green hydrogen emits no carbon during production. It’s the gold standard for sustainability but currently more expensive due to technology and energy costs. 4️⃣ Turquoise Hydrogen: An emerging technology, methane pyrolysis produces hydrogen and solid carbon instead of CO2, potentially offering a less impactful environmental footprint. However, it’s still in the early stages of commercialization. 5️⃣ Yellow Hydrogen: Similar to green hydrogen, yellow hydrogen is produced through electrolysis but specifically using solar energy. It harnesses the abundant power of the sun, linking hydrogen production directly to solar power availability. 6️⃣ Pink (or Purple) Hydrogen: This type of hydrogen is produced using nuclear power to perform electrolysis of water. It offers a low-carbon footprint, assuming the nuclear facility is managed effectively and safely. 7️⃣ Brown Hydrogen: Produced from coal via gasification, it has a higher pollution level than gray hydrogen. Brown hydrogen is less common in regions with strict environmental policies but still used where coal is a major energy resource. As we innovate and evolve in the hydrogen space, the spectrum of production methods expands, opening new pathways for cleaner energy and sustainable industrial practices. #HydrogenEconomy #SustainableEnergy #InnovationInEnergy

Low-carbon hydrogen in the EU - New report by Agora Industry and Agora Energiewende Key findings: 1. Hydrogen will be critical to decarbonise hard-to-electrify applications particularly in industry.  2. It depends on the CO2-intensity of the electricity used if grid-based hydrogen will be low carbon.  3. Fossil-gas-based hydrogen would qualify as low carbon if upstream abatement and carbon capture rates combined achieve a 70 percent reduction of emissions compared to fossil fuel or 3.38 kgCO2eq/kgH2.  4. By the mid 2030s, grid-based hydrogen will be either renewable or low carbon in most parts of Europe as the electricity mix will have a low-emission intensity. Link to the report: https://lnkd.in/eavt4n39 Note that the systemic carbon intensity of blue and green hydrogen is in the same range when transport is included according to these two research papers: 1. https://lnkd.in/etxbnyj3 2. https://lnkd.in/egpcmSiF #hydrogen #greenhydrogen #bluehydrogen #ccs #emissionreduction #electrolysis #industrialtransformation #energytransition

Hydrogen can be generated through various methods, each of which may involve different colors depending on the specific process. 1-Gray hydrogen: Gray hydrogen is derived from natural gas. It is the most common production method today, with nearly 60% of hydrogen made in this way, the IEA says. Gray hydrogen generates significantly lower CO2 emissions than the black and brown versions. 2-Blue hydrogen: Blue hydrogen involves steam reforming of natural gas (as with gray hydrogen) but then capturing the resulting CO2 emissions. This carbon dioxide can then be either stored or used in industrial applications that need it as a feedstock. Blue hydrogen is one of the main pathways for global decarbonization strategies as it can produce low-carbon hydrogen at scale. 3-Turquoise hydrogen: Turquoise hydrogen gets its name because its production process sits somewhere between green and blue. A method called methane pyrolysis splits methane from natural gas into hydrogen and solid carbon, also known as "carbon black". The latter is a critical raw material with a wide variety of industrial applications, including making car tires, coatings and batteries. Methane splitting is not a new concept, and a few commercial-scale plants already exist. The great advantage of the technology is that there are no CO2 emissions to deal with. 4-Green hydrogen: Green hydrogen is the holy grail for policymakers, climate activists and the energy sector. It is made by electrolysis --- a process that uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen --- and the electricity must be provided by renewable energy, such as solar or wind. While production volumes are still low and the costs are high. There are other colors such as Black, Yellow, Pink, White and Gold hydrogen.

Interesting article on the risks of wider Hydrogen use in the energy mix. The temptation is to read articles like this and be cynical, but better to see it as a call to apply good engineering practices to develop solutions, understand and balance risks and find the right applications. Clearly H2 is not THE answer to Net Zero, but it surely must be AN answer. Interested to see how this progresses over the coming years. https://lnkd.in/eGU5kqwX #hydrogen #energy

The Hydrogen Revolution: A Spectrum of Possibilities! In my recent learning of Hydrogen and the colour defined hydrogen fuels, found very interesting that hydrogen emerges as a beacon of hope in the realm of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sector. Let's delve into the vibrant spectrum of hydrogen colors: green, purple, red, and beyond, and uncover their transformative potential! 💚 Green Hydrogen: Born from renewable energy sources like wind and solar, green hydrogen epitomizes sustainability. Through electrolysis, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity, paving the way for emissions-free mobility and clean energy solutions. 💜 Purple Hydrogen: Known as blue hydrogen, purple hydrogen marries innovation with pragmatism. Crafted from natural gas via steam methane reforming (SMR) coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS), it significantly reduces carbon emissions, serving as a bridge towards a low-carbon economy. ❤️ Red Hydrogen: Radiating warmth and eco-friendliness, red hydrogen harnesses the power of biomass and organic materials. Through thermal gasification, organic waste streams are transformed into hydrogen, fostering sustainability and circularity in our energy ecosystem. 💙 Beyond Colors: As we explore the hydrogen spectrum, we encounter a multitude of hues, each offering unique advantages and applications. From turquoise hydrogen derived from nuclear energy to brown hydrogen sourced from coal, the possibilities are as diverse as they are promising. Together, let's embrace the full spectrum of hydrogen colors and unleash a future powered by clean, renewable energy! #HydrogenRevolution #CleanEnergy #GreenHydrogen #BlueHydrogen #RedHydrogen #Sustainability #RenewableEnergy #ElectricVehicles #Innovation #FutureIsBright #India

𝐁𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐇𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟑 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 Blue hydrogen is produced through a process called steam methane reforming, where natural gas is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2) with carbon capture and storage (CCS) to mitigate environmental impact. Unlike grey hydrogen, which emits CO2 directly, blue hydrogen captures and stores its carbon emissions underground. 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐤 The surge in regulations addressing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has propelled the growth of the blue hydrogen market. Governments globally are intensifying efforts to combat climate change, imposing stringent emission reduction targets on industries. Blue hydrogen, produced through steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage (CCS), aligns with these regulations by significantly lowering carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to conventional grey hydrogen production. The process involves capturing and storing CO2 underground, mitigating its environmental impact. As nations commit to net-zero goals, blue hydrogen serves as a transitional solution, offering a cleaner alternative to traditional hydrogen production methods reliant on fossil fuels. Incentives and subsidies further encourage industries to adopt blue hydrogen, fostering market expansion. Additionally, partnerships between governments and private sectors promote the development of carbon capture technologies, enhancing the feasibility and scalability of blue hydrogen production. 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞: https://lnkd.in/gzEAkx-H The global blue hydrogen market recorded a demand was USD 20.3 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 51.4 billion by 2033, progressing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% from 2024 to 2033. #solarpower #RenewableEnergy #CleanEnergy #SolarEnergy #GoSolar #SustainableEnergy #GreenEnergy #SolarPanel #SolarTechnology #SolarInstallation

TerraformIndustries.com is scaling synthetic methane technology that can replace petrochemicals. Hydrogen is difficult to deal with so it's much better to immediately make something like ammonia or methane. Using methane allows you to continue synthesis of other chemicals like ethylene and eventually totally replace all Petrochemical products with H2 and CO2 using nothing but clean energy and chemistry... and Smart Grids to optimize the whole process. Can pair with agrivoltaics and gasification of biomass for more synthetic chemistry routes. Best to do this at Brownfield sites so the biomass is bioremediation and you can actually recover metals from the contaminated soil. Even better to use Metalplant.com approach for enhanced weathering to capture carbon and mine nickel from the biomass at the same time. Hydrogen will be developed for industrial applications first but many of those are petrochemical applications that need to go away soon anyways. In my opinion we should double down on the basic manufacturing of electrolyzers and vertically integrate the whole petrochemical replacement infrastructure with smart grids and agrivoltaics at shuttered coal plants. Can use a lot of that old infrastructure to be modified for gasfiers to make biochar and capture synthesis gas to replace natural gas in most applications for chemical manufacturing. The biochar can be value added to graphene and the nickel from Metal Plants process can also go to batteries along with the graphene. Solar panel recycling will be huge too. We really need silicon manufacturing in the US but that is a big task. Best to scale up the recycling now as a domestic supply for new solar manufacturing. Maybe someone wants to take on silicon, but I'm more focused on graphene and synthetic methane. The future will be very awesome 😎👍