80 years ago (almost to the hour) - General Eisenhower arrived at one of the many airfields in England to have a few last words with Paratroopers of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division as they departed for their drop into the fields and villages of Normandy in the early hours of June 6, 1944.
“Plans are worthless, but planning is everything.” General Eisenhower’s famous quote as he reflected on planning for DDay “Operation Overlord.” I first heard this quote earlier in my career as a newly minted Intelligence Officer. As a case study, our instructors emphasized the planning (not the fighting) portion in the months, days, and hours leading up the invasion as the key takeaway. Years later, I’m still baffled by the level of complexity and boldness it took to pull this operation off.
Beyond the logistics of fuel, food, ammunition, etc for all the airmen, soldiers, and sailors making the assault, Eisenhower also had to somehow keep the destination of the invasion hidden from the Germans by a constant barrage of deception operations and falsified intelligence reports. Still, the largest factor to weigh was the weather. Eisenhower needed a full moon to help the paratroopers with visibility. Also, wind conditions needed to be right so they wouldn’t miss their drop zones. The troops landing on the beaches needed a low tide at dawn with low sea swell so they could wade ashore. The list goes on...and the “known unknowns” about what the Germans might have hidden for them along the whole coastline.
When Eisenhower gave the order to go on June 5, 1944, most of these factors were below the minimum requirements. Heavy storms blew the paratroopers all over Normandy, and heavy seas caused significant problems for the beach landings. Yet, Eisenhower with surprise on his side, pulled it off because of planning combined with that amazing X factor called luck that all soldiers believe in.
Let’s all raise a glass to the 80th anniversary of DDay and to the greatest generation that delivered a catastrophic blow to fascism.