Physics World’s Post

The Higgs boson’s most captivating puzzle still remains https://lnkd.in/d8uj9b8f PS: The Standard Model is based on quantum field theory and general relativity; Here are some additional concepts: 1. The Higgs boson is a fundamental particle that gives mass to other particles and is part of the Standard Model of particle physics. 1.1.The Higgs boson is created when the Higgs field becomes energized. 1.2. The Higgs boson is an excitation of the Higgs field. 2. The universe operates under principles of symmetry, where physical laws remain invariant under certain transformations. 2.1. In the Standard Model, the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force are unified into a single electroweak force, based on electroweak symmetry, which establishes that the laws governing these two forces are invariant under certain mathematical transformations. 2.2. The Higgs mechanism, which explains how elementary particles acquire mass, is based on the spontaneous breaking of electroweak symmetry. 3. The Higgs field is an energy field that permeates the entire universe, giving mass to elementary particles through its interaction with them. 3.1. The Higgs field acquires a value other than zero in its lowest energy state. 3.2. The breaking of electroweak symmetry causes particles that interact with the Higgs field to acquire mass. 3.3. The Higgs field is in a state of minimum energy, which means that it is very stable 3.4. The Higgs field is considered to be uniform throughout the observable universe. 4. The interaction of elementary particles with the Higgs field, through the Higgs mechanism, gives them mass. ...

Sorry, I don't believe that there is sufficient evidence to confirm Einstein’s theory of general relativity. The theory of special relativity is easily confirmed: we build nuclear weapons in terrifying quantities. But, general relativity requires the combination of a scalar with several vectors: scalars and vectors are simply not mathematically compatible. Lots of things bend light: a tiny hole, a thin slit, magnetic fields, prisms, lenses, a puddle of water. All of these bendings are explicable by classical physics. We ought not follow blindly after Einstein. The Hadron Collider was built to find one special fundamental particle. There was supposed to be a similar collider built in the United States: but, the funding was eliminated. So replication of experiments became much more difficult. Hadron people formed two separate teams, working independently to accomplish a sort of substitute replication. Instead of finding one thing, they found at least four things, and raised many more questions. With each particle of knowledge we attain; the mass of our ignorance grows exponentially. Let's put Einstein on the back burner until more evidence comes in. The science of physics has drifted far off course in the quest for evidence, and opened up much to much that evil door of idle and useless speculation. Yes, light is known to bend: not necessarily because Einstein said so.

Could Oppenheimer be the uncle of quantitative finance? I recently watched one of 2023's blockbusters, "Oppenheimer." The film revolves around R.J. Oppenheimer, the American theoretical physicist who led the Manhattan Project. It's a recommended film to wrap up the holiday season. Did you know that Monte Carlo simulation, an indispensable tool in finance, was developed during the Manhattan Project? In the late 1940s, Stanislaw Ulam innovated the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method at Los Alamos National Laboratory while working on nuclear weapons projects. Faced with complex neutron diffusion problems, Ulam proposed using random experiments, leading to the birth of Monte Carlo methods. Nicholas Metropolis suggested the name "Monte Carlo" for the method. Initially secret, these methods played a crucial role in the Manhattan Project simulations. In 1948, von Neumann and Metropolis programmed the ENIAC computer for the first automated Monte Carlo calculations. The method expanded into various fields, especially physics, physical chemistry, and operations research, with significant contributions from organizations like the Rand Corporation and the U.S. Air Force. Monte Carlo methods were pivotal in the development of the hydrogen bomb in the 1950s. (source Wikipedia) Happy New Year and thank you for reading my posts #quantitativefinance #montecarlosimulation #oppenheimer #movies

Niels Henrik David Bohr (Danish: [ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯ˀ]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted by other models, its underlying principles remain valid. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analysed in terms of contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated Bohr's thinking in both science and philosophy. Bohr founded the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, which opened in 1920. Bohr mentored and collaborated with physicists including Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, George de Hevesy, and Werner Heisenberg. He predicted the properties of a new zirconium-like element, which was named hafnium, after the Latin name for Copenhagen, where it was discovered. Later, the synthetic element bohrium was named after him. During the 1930s, Bohr helped refugees from Nazism. After Denmark was occupied by the Germans, he met with Heisenberg, who had become the head of the German nuclear weapon project. In September 1943 word reached Bohr that he was about to be arrested by the Germans, so he fled to Sweden. From there, he was flown to Britain, where he joined the British Tube Alloys nuclear weapons project, and was part of the British mission to the Manhattan Project. After the war, Bohr called for international cooperation on nuclear energy. He was involved with the establishment of CERN and the Research Establishment Risø of the Danish Atomic Energy Commission and became the first chairman of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics in 1957. #heylinkdenfellows #comehere #neils_bohr #chemist #scientist Here is the brief history about an important #CHEMIST all over the #times and is the #BASE #of #the #chemistry

On this day in 1932 three of my “Old friends” did great work. Physicists John Cockcroft (1897-67) and Ernest Walton (1903-95) split the atom for the first time. They were led by ”Papa” Rutherford (1871-27) at the Cavendish (Cambridge). In subsequent years Cockcroft and Walton designed and built a machine that could produce protons and accelerate them through 300,000 volts. On April 14, 1932, Cockcroft and Walton bombarded lithium nuclei with such protons and obtained evidence for interactions with alpha particles (doubly charged helium ions), meaning that individual lithium nuclei had been split into two alpha particles.   Remaining with Rutherford he was a great nurturer of talent and identifier of special Physicists, he had working with him in Manchester the “Giant” Neils Bohr (1885-62) himself winner of the Nobel prize in Physics in 1922 and who likewise went on to inspire other "Giants" including W. Heisenberg(1901-76) with whom he developed the pivotal idea of the Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Physics.   Having mentioned these “Giants” the dilemma is now in which direction does one go? I will remain with Werner and state that during WWII he was head of Germany’s atomic research and many scholars now suggest that he deliberately stalled their advances in nuclear Physics so that they could not create an atomic bomb which he feared Hitler would use, so perhaps he too is an unsung hero of the war rather like A. Turing (1912-54) is having broken the Enigma codes.   Continuing with the year 1932 it proved to be monumental for Physics perhaps its very own "annus mirabilis". In addition to splitting the atom, we have other “friends” doing great things, in particular Chadwick (1891-74) discovered the neutron. As we know this particle is contained in the nucleus, but it was much later that we understood the forces involved in keeping the protons (also in the nucleus) from repelling themselves (by the law of like charges) and giving rise to the another fundamental force of Physics (the strong nuclear force), the other three being gravity, the electromagnetic, and the weak nuclear force.   Such “Giants” that come to mind now include J.C.Maxwell (1831-79, electromagnetism) of whom A. Einstein (1879-55) kept a portrait accompanied by ones of Newton (1643-27) and Faraday (1791-67), and the Japanese Physicist Hideki Yukawa (Yukawa,1935), who suggested that the nucleons would exchange particles between each other and this mechanism would create such a force. Yukawa constructed his theory in analogy to the theory of the electromagnetic interaction where the exchange of a (massless) photon is the cause of this force.   Physicists in 1932 also discovered the positron, the first particle of antimatter after such particles had been predicted by the father of the Relativistic Schrödinger equation P.A.M Dirac (1902-84) the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics discussed here previously.   Alas just as I have started (albeit meandering) I have run out of space.

Jamil Firdows's theory, Beyond Universal Matters or Beyond Quantum-Cosmic Framework (QCF), aims to solve the fundamental problems in physics and address the limitations of Einstein's theories. It seeks to provide a comprehensive framework that bridges quantum mechanics and cosmology, integrating the behavior of fundamental particles with the large-scale structure of the universe. Key objectives of the theory include: 1. Unification of Forces: It attempts to unify the four fundamental forces of nature—gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force—into a single theoretical framework. 2. Resolution of Quantum and Relativistic Inconsistencies: The theory addresses the discrepancies between quantum mechanics and general relativity, providing a coherent description of phenomena at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. 3. Understanding Dark Matter and Dark Energy: It explores the nature of dark matter and dark energy, aiming to elucidate their roles in the universe's expansion and structure. 4. Incorporation of Antimatter: The framework includes antimatter and its interactions, expanding our understanding of the universe's composition. 5. Infinite Dimensional Time Structure: By introducing a more complex view of time, the theory proposes that time may have infinite dimensions, affecting how we perceive causality and events in the universe. Overall, the Beyond Universal Matters theory strives to provide solutions to the longstanding issues in theoretical physics, enhancing our understanding of the cosmos from the quantum scale to the cosmic scale.

Did you know that scientific articles in #BigScience may have dozens of authors? Check out these fancy visualizations of collaborations in the biggest scientific projects: https://lnkd.in/dxJdTF8D I’m attending a conference in #Krakow called “Big Science Partner and Industry Day,” organized by IFJ PAN Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences . My conclusion so far is that #BigScience organizations like CERN, European XFEL need to secure data access, storage, and processing capabilities from their experiments to facilitate scientific cooperation.

The pursuit to understand the fundamental nature of the universe has been a long-standing endeavor of human civilization. Modern physics, through the lens of string theory, advises that the universe’s basic constituents are not point-like particles but rather one-dimensional “strings” that vibrate at different frequencies. This theory tries to unify the four fundamental forces of nature—electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear, and gravitational forces—into a single framework. Interestingly, ancient Vedic literature, particularly the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, and shlok 66 of yakṣa praśna from Van Parva of Epic Mahābhārata offers a similar conception, wherein the universe is interconnected through a “string” (Vāyu), which permeates everything. This article explores the convergence of modern string theory and ancient Vedic wisdom, highlighting the parallels and offering insights into how ancient knowledge systems may enlighten contemporary scientific thought.

Exciting progress in understanding the strong force, the universe's mightiest force, has been reported. Researchers have begun uncovering secrets about the strong force, known for binding quarks within nucleons, through new experimental measurements and theoretical predictions. This understanding could illuminate the strong force's role in the universe's structure, possibly impacting unifying theories of physics. With these advancements, we are now poised to better grasp the complexities of matter and the fundamental forces that shape our universe. Such breakthroughs highlight the continual evolution of particle physics and its capacity to challenge and expand our knowledge base. https://lnkd.in/eK7MJTpD #Physics #IP #VC #QuantumPhysics #DeepTech

The following maybe is of interest for members in Kvinder i Fysik: the movie "Oppenheimer" is missing to portrait one important protagonist in the development of the first atomic bomb. Can you guess the person? Physicists like Einstein, Heisenberg, Fermi, Feynman, Teller were all mentioned. The one person not mentioned is Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968). In late 1938 Otto Hahn wrote Lise Meitner a letter to Sweden asking for her opinion on a technical matter regarding the neutron-stimulated decay of (U)ranium (239) to (Ba)rium and (Ma)gnesium. Inspired by the letter from Hahn, Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch (Meitner's nephew) then embarked on detailed discussions and calculated that the total mass of Ba and Ma is less than the mass of U. In other words, following Einstein's recently introduced new physics, some of the mass during the decay must have been turned into energy. For every neutron-captured Uranium-239 splitted atom, a total of 200 MeV of energy was calculated to be released. Not much energy at first sight, but 1 kilogram of U-239 contains around 2,5x10^24 atoms. Hence 200 x 2,5x10^24 MeV =~ 80 TJ (Tera Joule). The first bomb released over Hiroshima / Japan released energy in the range of 50 - 63 TJ. Hence Meitner and Frisch were the first to realize the devastating implications of mastering the skill of splitting the atom. The full paper by Meitner and Frisch (1939) can be found here (https://lnkd.in/dP33Z2Ax). The above information was reproduced from https://lnkd.in/dxdq9yau .