Tepbac’s Post

Antimicrobial Residues Antibiotics get absorbed into the intestines of chicken and are transported through the whole body via blood plasma where it reaches the ovaries (follicles and oviducts) responsible for formation and secretion of egg contents, thus upsurges the risks of deposition of drug residues in the yolk and albumen. Drugs have been reported to deposit more rapidly in both yolk and albumen. However, the distribution and deposition pattern of residues varies depending upon the composition, physiochemical properties of antimicrobial agents, physiology of hen, egg formation, and nature of egg compartments. Studies have provided evidence of contamination of poultry eggs with various concentrations of drug residues. Antibiotics are being used on a large scale by poultry farmers all over the world to meet the increasing demand of broiler meat. Studies have shown the presence of antibiotic residues exceeding the maximum residue limits in chicken meat, indicating the excessive misuse of antibiotics in certain countries. Use of antibiotics for longer periods tends to lower the number of sensitive bacteria, resulting in a large percentage of resistant bacterial strains in the microbiome. Many cases have been identified regarding transfer of these resistant strains to humans. These strains may transfer their virulence to human microbiota through genetic transfer. Such bacterial strains, if or when they cause infection, can be difficult to treat. According to some researchers, cooking processes may have a reducing effect on antibiotic residue levels. However, it may not be regarded as an alternative for elimination of residues, as it does not guarantee complete elimination of antibiotic residues from animal-based foods. Moreover, antibiotics that are considered critical by different regulatory authorities, including the World Health Organization and the FDA, must be prudently applied in agriculture. Author Credit: Muhammad Danish Mund, Umair Hassan Khan, Uruj Tahir, Bahar E. Mustafa, Asad Fayyaz. Khurram Muaz 1, Muhammad Riaz 1, Saeed Akhtar 1, Sungkwon Park 2, Amir Ismail

Application of Enzyme Preparations as Antibiotic Alternatives in Poultry Disease Prevention and Health Management Enzyme preparations as antibiotic alternatives have become a key area of research in modern poultry farming. These preparations reduce dependence on antibiotics by improving feed utilization, enhancing gut health, and supporting the immune system. Below are some specific applications of enzyme preparations in poultry health management: 1. Improved Digestion and Nutrient Absorption:   - Enzyme preparations break down complex molecules in feed, such as starch, protein, and cellulose, making nutrients more accessible for absorption by poultry. By enhancing feed digestion, enzyme preparations improve overall poultry health and reduce the risk of diseases related to poor digestion. 2. Enhanced Gut Health:   - Enzyme preparations promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, improving the gut microbiome and reducing the proliferation of harmful bacteria. This is particularly effective in preventing gastrointestinal diseases like necrotic enteritis. A healthy gut environment reduces the need for antibiotics and boosts poultry production performance. 3. Immune System Support:   - Along with improved nutrient absorption, enzyme preparations provide broader nutritional support for poultry, which is crucial for maintaining a robust immune system. A stronger immune system allows poultry to better resist diseases, thereby decreasing the reliance on antibiotics. 4. Reduced Antibiotic Usage:   - With growing concerns over antibiotic resistance, enzyme preparations as antibiotic alternatives are increasingly important. By promoting a healthier growth environment, these enzymes effectively reduce antibiotic use and mitigate the risks associated with antibiotic resistance. 5. Combination with Probiotics and Other Additives:   - Enzyme preparations can be combined with probiotics, acidifiers, and other feed additives to create a comprehensive health management plan. This multi-layered approach significantly improves overall poultry health and reduces disease incidence. Summary The application of enzyme preparations in poultry disease prevention and health management not only boosts production efficiency but also promotes sustainable farming practices. By reducing the reliance on antibiotics through various mechanisms, they provide an effective alternative for modern poultry farming. #enzyme #Antibiotics #health

𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 (𝐀𝐌𝐑) 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐲: 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a big issue in poultry farming. The overuse of antibiotics, especially for growth promotion and disease prevention, has led to the rise of bacteria that are resistant to drugs. These bacteria can be passed from poultry to humans, which is a serious public health risk. The poultry industry is facing increasing pressure to cut down on antibiotic use due to new regulations, the demand for antibiotic-free products, and global efforts to fight AMR. To tackle this, it’s important to use antibiotics responsibly. This means implementing stricter stewardship programs, improving farm biosecurity, and ensuring antibiotics are only used when truly necessary. There’s also a growing focus on using alternatives to antibiotics, like probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenics. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 help improve gut health by boosting good bacteria, which can strengthen the immune system and reduce the need for antibiotics. 𝐏𝐡𝐲𝐭𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬, which are plant-based compounds like essential oils, have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and growth-boosting effects, making them great for keeping poultry healthy without antibiotics. Recent research shows that combining these alternatives with better nutrition and vaccination programs can significantly reduce the use of antibiotics while still maintaining high levels of productivity. The industry is gradually moving towards these more sustainable practices to fight AMR and ensure safer poultry farming.

𝐁𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲: 𝐒𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬, 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 The poultry industry faces significant challenges with bacterial contamination, leading to economic losses and public health concerns. The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial strategies with bacteriophages offer a promising solution.  𝐒𝐮𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 - Phage therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing bacterial loads in poultry, particularly targeting major pathogens such as 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎, 𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝐸𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑖, and 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠.   - Studies have shown reduced mortality rates, improved feed conversion ratios, and enhanced egg production and quality following phage treatment.   - Phage cocktails, combining multiple phages with different host specificities, have shown success in broadening the spectrum of activity.   - Phages have been utilized both pre-harvest (in live birds) and post-harvest (on carcasses and food-contact surfaces) to mitigate contamination.  𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐋𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝟏. 𝐏𝐡𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞: The rapid development of bacterial resistance to phages poses a significant challenge to their long-term efficacy. 𝟐. 𝐍𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐰 𝐇𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞: The high specificity of phages limits their ability to target multiple bacterial strains, necessitating the development of phage cocktails.   𝟑. 𝐒𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐬: Ensuring the safety and efficacy of phage products requires rigorous testing and the establishment of clear regulatory guidelines.  𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝟏. 𝐏𝐡𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐜𝐤𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭: Sophisticated cocktails containing multiple phages can address the issue of narrow host range and reduce the risk of resistance development.   𝟐. 𝐎𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲: Exploring diverse delivery methods, including oral administration, aerosol, and in-feed supplementation, can maximize phage efficacy. 𝟑. 𝐏𝐡𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐒𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Advanced techniques for phage isolation, selection, and purification can improve their potency and stability. 𝟒. 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤: Esential to facilitate the development and commercialization of phage-based products. 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 Phage therapy holds significant potential to revolutionize the poultry industry hence continued research and development, coupled with a supportive regulatory environment, are vital to fully realize the benefits of phage therapy in ensuring poultry health, improving food safety, and reducing the reliance on antibiotics. 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞:https://lnkd.in/dNdD6iAK 𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲: Alice Owiti #BacteriophageTherapy

Bacterial leaf Blight (BLB) affects on Rice Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice is a disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The pathogen typically enters the rice plant through wounds or hydathodes, invades the xylem vessels of the leaves, and proliferates within these tissues, leading to the formation of tannish-gray to white lesions along the veins. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) can cause yield losses ranging from 20% to 50%, with potential losses reaching up to 100% during severe epidemics. Bacteria causing the disease are rod (1.2 x 0.3-0.5 µm ) mostly single and occasionally in pairs. The bacterial colonies on nutrient medium are pale yellow, circular and smooth with entire margin they are convex and viscid. Management Strategies: Preventive method: Seed treatment with bleaching powder (100 g/L) and zinc sulfate (2%) has been shown to reduce the incidence of bacterial blight in rice. Additionally, soaking seeds for 8 hours in Agrimycin (0.025%) and wettable Ceresan (0.05%), followed by hot water treatment at 52–54°C for 30 minutes, is effective. Alternatively, seeds can be soaked for 8 hours in Ceresan (0.1%) and treated with Streptocyclin (3 g/L). For foliar applications, spraying neem oil (3%) or neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) (5%) can help manage bacterial blight. An organic method includes spraying fresh cow dung extract, prepared by dissolving 20 g of cow dung in 1 liter of water, allowing it to settle, and using the supernatant. This spray should be applied at the initial appearance of the disease and repeated at fortnightly intervals. Cultural methods: Grow Tolerant varieties (IR 20 IR 72,PONMANI , TKM 6). Secure disease free seed Grow nurseries preferably in isolated upland conditions Avoid clipping of seedlings during transplanting. Balanced fertilization, avoid excess N - application Skip N - application at booting (if disease is moderate) Drain the field (except at flowering stage of the crop) Destruction of weeds and collateral hosts Avoid flow of water from affected fields  Maintain proper plant spacing

Coccidiosis is a common parasitic disease in chicken breeding, which has a great impact on the health and growth of chickens. Broiler coccidiosis occurs because chickens are infected with coccidium eggs, which can survive in soil for many years and can be transmitted through feed, water, feces and other ways. Once chickens are infected with coccidium eggs, coccidium hatches in the intestines, causing diarrhea, anemia, and wasting. If left untreated, chickens have a very high mortality rate In order to prevent coccidiosis of broiler chickens, a series of measures should be taken, including strengthening feeding management, regular inspection and disinfection. In addition, drugs can also be used for prevention and treatment, but the resistance of coccidia to chemical and ionic-carrier anti-coccidia drugs is becoming more and more serious, so at present, the control of coccidia needs natural alternatives. Yucca is a herb of liliaceae. Its active ingredient steroidal saponin can be used as a substitute for anti-coccidiosis drugs. It has good effects. Yucca extract is a natural product of plant origin, small dependence, safety and health, a new type of feed additive,

There have been concerns in recent years about the continued use of antibiotics as supplements at sub therapeutic level in poultry feed due to the emergence of multiple drug resistant bacteria. With the widespread bans of antibiotics in poultry, the use of antibiotics in livestock production are currently being replaced with phytogenic compounds from plant materials which serve as natural sources of growth promoters and are more environment friendly and pose less or no threat to humans and animals. To effectively study the impact of natural sources of antibiotics, I have been working on an experiment which ends in a few weeks, based on my thesis- 'The Effects of Compound Leaf Meal Supplementary Diet on Serum Biochemistry of Isa Brown Hens'. The leaves compounded to form CLM include: Veronia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Carica papaya. The bioactive secondary metabolites of these leaves; carotenoids, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, flavones, flavonoids, alkaloids, polypeptides and essential oils have been shown to have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-aging, anti-oxidant and functional properties. With the research close to coming to an end, I can't wait to share my findings from my final results.

𝐓𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐆𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐆𝐂𝐂 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐲: 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐚'𝐬 𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 Gout, a metabolic disorder prevalent in GCC poultry, presents significant challenges. This condition, characterized by uric acid crystal deposition in joints and tissues, demands innovative solutions. Poulta, a digital solution provider to the poultry industry, introduces modern approaches utilizing AI and comprehensive data analysis to combat gout effectively. 𝐔𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐆𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐲 - Metabolic Disease Origin: Gout in poultry is a metabolic disease originating from both infectious and non-infectious causes. It can also be seasonal in certain regions . - Postmortem Findings: Gout affects multiple organs in poultry, especially the kidneys, and can involve other internal organs like the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract . - Types of Gout: There are two main types - Visceral Urate Deposition, where uric acid deposits in various organs, and Articular Urate Deposition, affecting periarticular tissue but is less economically significant .   𝐔𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐆𝐨𝐮𝐭'𝐬 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐆𝐂𝐂 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐲: Gout's occurrence in GCC poultry is influenced by various factors:   𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐬:    - Reason: Diets excessively rich in animal-based proteins contribute to gout.    - Explanation: Elevated protein levels lead to surplus uric acid formation, triggering gout in poultry.  𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐒𝐮𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲:    - Reason: Certain breeds in the GCC may have genetic predispositions to metabolic disorders like gout.    - Explanation: Selective breeding might unintentionally heighten vulnerability to gout-related issues. 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐚'𝐬 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐚'𝐬 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐚𝐭 𝐠𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐆𝐂𝐂 𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐲: - AI-Driven Analysis: Leveraging AI algorithms to predict and identify potential gout outbreaks. - Data-Backed Strategies:Utilizing multiple data points to craft tailored plans for diet, hydration, and exercise. - Real-time Monitoring: Enabling continuous health surveillance for swift intervention and prevention. 𝐏𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐚'𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐂𝐂: Conclusively, Poulta’s AI-driven analytics and multi-dimensional data utilization seem to be in line with the current technological trends in the poultry industry, especially considering the need for rapid detection, diagnosis, and predictive models for disease outbreaks. The methods mentioned, such as AI algorithms for predicting outbreaks, data-backed strategies, and real-time monitoring, are reflective of the industry’s movement towards more technologically advanced, data-driven approaches for disease management in poultry.

Strategies to Combat Antibiotic Resistance 1. Reducing Antibiotic Use Policy and Regulation: Many countries have implemented stricter regulations on the use of antibiotics in livestock. For example, the European Union banned the use of antibiotics for growth promotion in 2006, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has implemented similar measures. Voluntary Industry Actions: Some poultry producers are voluntarily reducing antibiotic use and adopting "no antibiotics ever" policies. 2. Alternative Disease Prevention Methods Vaccination: Vaccines can prevent common poultry diseases, reducing the need for antibiotics. Advances in vaccine technology are making this a more viable option for farmers. Probiotics and Prebiotics: These supplements can improve gut health and boost the immune system of poultry, making them less susceptible to infections. Herbal and Natural Remedies: Some producers are exploring the use of herbs, essential oils, and other natural substances with antimicrobial properties as alternatives to antibiotics. 3. Improved Farm Management Practices Biosecurity Measures: Enhanced biosecurity protocols, such as controlling farm access, sanitation practices, and quarantine procedures, can help prevent the spread of disease. Hygiene and Sanitation: Regular cleaning and disinfection of poultry houses, equipment, and transport vehicles reduce the risk of infection. Optimal Housing Conditions: Providing adequate space, ventilation, and access to clean water and nutritious feed helps maintain the health and well-being of poultry. 4. Research and Innovation Genetic Selection: Breeding programs focusing on disease resistance traits can produce poultry that are less likely to require antibiotics. Advanced Diagnostics: Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools can help identify infections early, allowing for targeted treatment and reducing unnecessary antibiotic use. 5. Education and Awareness Farmer Training: Educating farmers about the risks of antibiotic resistance and best practices for antibiotic use is crucial. Consumer Awareness: Increasing consumer demand for antibiotic-free poultry products can drive industry change. Labels such as "raised without antibiotics" can help inform purchasing decisions. #Antibioticresistance #Poultryfarming #Vaccinationinpoultry #Probioticsandprebioticsinpoultry

the main pesticide residues come from desiccation - aka late weed control applications! The American Academy of Pediatrics has issued a clinical report advising on the risks associated with #glyphosate residues on #GMfoods. The report highlights #glyphosate as a probable carcinogen and potential endocrine disruptor, and links it to premature births. Despite the lack of long-term studies directly assessing the health effects of GM foods and associated herbicide exposure, the report urges reducing GMO exposure by avoiding corn- and soy-derived ingredients in processed foods. The report recommends a diet rich in whole, plant-based foods and minimising ultra-processed foods, and also suggests organic options to significantly reduce pesticide intake, emphasising organic grains and grain-based products to reduce glyphosate residues. https://lnkd.in/ejQK56xk