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No More Needles Vaccines delivered through the nose are showing promising results in clinical trials. Two have generated multiple immune system responses against the COVID-causing virus, and a COVID nasal vaccine could be ready for the U.S. as soon as 2027. Clinical trials are also underway for nasal vaccines against flu and RSV, with near future plans for other diseases like human metapneumovirus. Why this matters: Vaccines taken up the nose can provide faster, stronger protection against respiratory viruses than a shot in the arm, since they activate mucosal immunity–mucosa lines our nasal passages down to our gut, and many viruses first enter the body there. The vaccine trains “first responder” immune cells in our mucus tissue to attack the virus, so immunity develops quickly. What the experts say: Spray vaccines could boost vaccine access worldwide. Nasal vaccines don’t require cold storage to be transported, and could be administered by anyone, not just medical professionals. “We saw with COVID there was no vaccine equity,” says Fiona Smaill, an infectious disease researcher at McMaster University in Ontario. Many people in low-income countries never received a shot, even nearly four years after the vaccines became available.

https://lnkd.in/eZmKbnKm Vaccines Beat VACCINE IMMUNE DURABILITY - NICE REVIEW!!! With nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccinations, antigen valence and density are finely regulated. Antigen delivery can be controlled and sustained via newer biomaterials. New adjuvants, especially mucosal ones, can activate specific innate immune pathways. As the mechanisms of immune response durability become clearer, we can construct vaccines strategically to provide durable vaccine-induced protection with fewer doses.

Statistas The History of Vaccines More than two centuries ago, on May 14, 1796, the English doctor Edward Jenner carried out what was later proven to have been the first modern-day vaccination, when he injected a young boy with pus from cow pox (or vaccinia virus) blisters on a milkmaid’s hands. This immunized him against smallpox and the virus’ name coined the term “vaccine.” Jenner was the first doctor to introduce and scientifically study the smallpox vaccine. But the concept of giving yourself a mild form of the disease to immunize against a harsher form existed as early as 16th century China or early 18th century India. With the progress of science in the 20th century, the development of vaccines was accelerating, but the latter part of the century also gave rise to skepticism and conspiracy theories surrounding vaccines. While the disease targeted by the first modern-day vaccine, smallpox, has successfully been eradicated, that feat has not been accomplished for polio and tuberculosis yet. As the following chart shows, one of the biggest breakthroughs in vaccine development happened just three years ago, when Pfizer/BioNTech saw the first ever mRNA vaccine to be approved for human use in response to the COVID-19 virus.

More than two centuries ago, on May 14, 1796, the English doctor Edward Jenner carried out what was later proven to have been the first modern-day vaccination, when he injected a young boy with pus from cow pox (or vaccinia virus) blisters on a milkmaid’s hands. This immunized him against smallpox and the virus’ name coined the term “vaccine.” Jenner was the first doctor to introduce and scientifically study the smallpox vaccine. But the concept of giving yourself a mild form of the disease to immunize against a harsher form existed as early as 16th century China or early 18th century India. With the progress of science in the 20th century, the development of vaccines was accelerating, but the latter part of the century also gave rise to skepticism and conspiracy theories surrounding vaccines. While the disease targeted by the first modern-day vaccine, smallpox, has successfully been eradicated, that feat has not been accomplished for polio and tuberculosis yet. As the following chart shows, one of the biggest breakthroughs in vaccine development happened just three years ago, when Pfizer/BioNTech saw the first ever mRNA vaccine to be approved for human use in response to the COVID-19 virus.

The History of Vaccines More than two centuries ago, on May 14, 1796, the English doctor Edward Jenner carried out what was later proven to have been the first modern-day vaccination, when he injected a young boy with pus from cow pox (or vaccinia virus) blisters on a milkmaid’s hands. This immunized him against smallpox and the virus’ name coined the term “vaccine.” Jenner was the first doctor to introduce and scientifically study the smallpox vaccine. But the concept of giving yourself a mild form of the disease to immunize against a harsher form existed as early as 16th century China or early 18th century India. With the progress of science in the 20th century, the development of vaccines was accelerating, but the latter part of the century also gave rise to skepticism and conspiracy theories surrounding vaccines. While the disease targeted by the first modern-day vaccine, smallpox, has successfully been eradicated, that feat has not been accomplished for polio and tuberculosis yet. As the following chart shows, one of the biggest breakthroughs in vaccine development happened just three years ago, when Pfizer/BioNTech saw the first ever mRNA vaccine to be approved for human use in response to the COVID-19 virus. https://lnkd.in/diQ_Vrba

🎺 🎺 Focus on McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences researchers - making vaccines easier to use... Dr. Fiona Smaill is a renowned infectious disease expert at McMaster University, known for her pioneering work in vaccine development. With a career focused on advancing treatments for diseases like HIV and tuberculosis, Dr. Smaill has played a pivotal role in leading clinical trials and improving global health outcomes. Recently, her focus has shifted to developing nasal vaccines, a groundbreaking method for delivering vaccines through inhalation rather than needles. These vaccines target the mucosal immune system, the body’s first defence against respiratory infections like COVID-19 and flu. By delivering vaccines directly to the site where viruses first enter, nasal vaccines offer faster, localized protection that could reduce virus transmission. Dr. Smaill’s research includes developing an aerosolized COVID-19 vaccine that shows promising results in animal trials. Her efforts to create needle-free vaccines not only address needle phobia but also improve accessibility, especially in low-resource regions. These vaccines could be cheaper, easier to store, and self-administered, helping bridge the global vaccine access gap. Dr. Smaill’s work continues to push the boundaries of immunization science, making her a leader in infectious disease research. For more information, see: https://lnkd.in/gwRgFj_m

Combined COVID-flu vaccines are coming: Moderna jab clears major test Moderna has developed a single mRNA-based vaccine that effectively protects against both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, showing higher effectiveness than individual vaccines for either virus. Successful phase-III trials led to plans to seek FDA approval. This combination vaccine could simplify immunization processes, especially benefiting those over 50. The mRNA technology enables quick updates for new variants and offers potential for including additional pathogens like RSV. This advancement showcases the promising future of mRNA vaccines in enhancing global public health. https://lnkd.in/etfnengT

Researchers have made significant advancements in mRNA vaccine development, embedding instructions for 20 influenza variants in a lipid layer. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize protection against various diseases, simplifying the vaccination process. Moderna's pioneering approach to include RSV, flu, and COVID-19 defense in a single shot offers dual protection in one pharmacy visit, enhancing the vaccination experience. With FDA approval, the Moderna vaccine combines flu and COVID-19 defense in one dose, increasing convenience for recipients. While US COVID booster rates decrease, 47% of adults have already received the flu shot this year, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Combining immunizations could significantly improve COVID-19 coverage. Looking forward, mRNA combination vaccines may reduce the vaccination burden for parents, potentially decreasing the number of shots required for infants. This advancement holds promise for simplifying immunization efforts, especially in rural areas of low-income countries. #mRNA #Vaccines #HealthcareInnovation #COVID19 #FluShot #Research #PublicHealth

**Past COVID Infections May Offer Protection Against Certain Colds: A Path to Better Vaccines? 🦠💉** New research suggests that previous COVID-19 infections might provide some immunity against specific strains of the common cold. This cross-protection could pave the way for developing more effective vaccines. The insights gained from understanding how SARS-CoV-2 immunity overlaps with other coronaviruses might help scientists create vaccines that not only target COVID-19 but also offer broader protection against related viruses. This development holds promise for enhancing our overall approach to viral infections and public health. #COVID19 #Vaccines #Immunity #PublicHealth #MedicalResearch

By Jason Gale -Vaccines that protect against severe illness, death and lingering long Covid symptoms from a coronavirus infection were linked to small increases in neurological, blood, and heart-related conditions in the largest global vaccine safety study to date. -More than 13.5 billion doses of Covid vaccines have been administered globally over the past three years. -The rare events — identified early in the pandemic — included a higher risk of heart-related inflammation from mRNA shots made by Pfizer Inc., BioNTech SE, and Moderna Inc., and an increased risk of a type of blood clot in the brain after immunization with viral-vector vaccines such as the one developed by the University of Oxford and made by AstraZeneca Plc. -The research looked for 13 medical conditions that the group considered “adverse events of special interest” among 99 million vaccinated individuals in eight countries, aiming to identify higher-than-expected cases after a Covid shot. -The use of aggregated data increased the possibility of identifying rare safety signals that might have been missed when looking only at smaller populations.