VELP Scientifica’s Post

Melting point determination is an ancient and commonly used analytical method. The determination of the melting point or melting range indicates the temperature at constant pressure at which the substance changes from a solid to a liquid aggregate state. When the aggregate status changes, many other characteristics also change, such as density, viscosity, or optical characteristics of the substances. #akruess #kruess #measuringqualitysince1796 #meltingpoint #meltingpointmeter #productofthemonth

Constructing hierarchical arrays with core–shell metal oxides@metal coordination polymers for efficient and stable overall water splitting https://lnkd.in/gsUgT_ty

Low-intensity magnetic separation Dry low-intensity magnetic separation is confined mainly to the concentration of coarse sands which are strongly magnetic, the process being known as cabbing, and often being carried out in drum separators.  Below the 0.5 cm size range, dry separation tends to be replaced by wet methods, which produce much less dust loss and usually a cleaner product.  Low-intensity wet separation is now widely used for purifying the magnetic medium in the dense medium separation process (see chapter 11), as well as for the concentration of ferromagnetic sands   Drum separators are the most common machines in current use for cleaning the medium in DMS circuits and are widely used for concentrating finely ground iron ore. They consist essentially of rotating non-magnetic drum (figure 13.6) containing three to six stationary magnets of alternating polarity, although the Permos separator uses many small magnet blocks, whose direction of magnetization changes small steps. This is said to generate a very even magnetic material (Wasmuth and Unkelbach, 1991)

𝗡𝗣𝗦 (𝗡𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗶𝗽𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝘇𝗲) is a North American standard. It's an international definition for measuring pipe size at various pressures and temperatures. 𝙄𝙨 𝙉𝙋𝙎 𝙙𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙡𝙮 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙊𝘿 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙞𝙥𝙚? 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘕𝘗𝘚 𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦. Refer to the below figure, NPS 14 pipe will have an outer diameter of 14 inches. While smaller pipes of NPS 1/8 and up to NPS 12, the number is not directly connected to the outer diameter of the pipe. More precisely, an NPS 12 pipe will have an outer diameter of 12.75 inches. Beside the NPS, there are three different types of pipes thickness: Standard (STD), Extra Strong (XS), and Double Extra Strong (XXS). 𝐃𝐍 (𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥) is another definition for pipe size, but in metric unit standard.

𝗡𝗣𝗦 (𝗡𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗶𝗽𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝘇𝗲) is a North American standard. It's an international definition for measuring pipe size at various pressures and temperatures. 𝙄𝙨 𝙉𝙋𝙎 𝙙𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙡𝙮 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙊𝘿 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙞𝙥𝙚? 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘕𝘗𝘚 𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦. Refer to the below figure, NPS 14 pipe will have an outer diameter of 14 inches. While smaller pipes of NPS 1/8 and up to NPS 12, the number is not directly connected to the outer diameter of the pipe. More precisely, an NPS 12 pipe will have an outer diameter of 12.75 inches. Beside the NPS, there are three different types of pipes thickness: Standard (STD), Extra Strong (XS), and Double Extra Strong (XXS). 𝐃𝐍 (𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥) is another definition for pipe size, but in metric unit standard.

𝗡𝗣𝗦 (𝗡𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗶𝗽𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝘇𝗲) is a North American standard. It's an international definition for measuring pipe size at various pressures and temperatures. 𝙄𝙨 𝙉𝙋𝙎 𝙙𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙡𝙮 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙊𝘿 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙞𝙥𝙚? 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘕𝘗𝘚 𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦. Refer to the below figure, NPS 14 pipe will have an outer diameter of 14 inches. While smaller pipes of NPS 1/8 and up to NPS 12, the number is not directly connected to the outer diameter of the pipe. More precisely, an NPS 12 pipe will have an outer diameter of 12.75 inches. Beside the NPS, there are three different types of pipes thickness: Standard (STD), Extra Strong (XS), and Double Extra Strong (XXS). 𝐃𝐍 (𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥) is another definition for pipe size, but in metric unit standard.

𝗡𝗣𝗦 (𝗡𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗶𝗽𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝘇𝗲) is a North American standard. It's an international definition for measuring pipe size at various pressures and temperatures. 𝙄𝙨 𝙉𝙋𝙎 𝙙𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙡𝙮 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙊𝘿 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙞𝙥𝙚? 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘸𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘰𝘯 𝘕𝘗𝘚 𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘦. Refer to the below figure, NPS 14 pipe will have an outer diameter of 14 inches. While smaller pipes of NPS 1/8 and up to NPS 12, the number is not directly connected to the outer diameter of the pipe. More precisely, an NPS 12 pipe will have an outer diameter of 12.75 inches. Beside the NPS, there are three different types of pipes thickness: Standard (STD), Extra Strong (XS), and Double Extra Strong (XXS). 𝐃𝐍 (𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥) is another definition for pipe size, but in metric unit standard.

Solid pitch!  Sorry, wrong image! 😉 I'm actually posting about ASTM D4892 "Standard Test Method for Density of Solid Pitch (Helium Pycnometer Method)". THIS pitch is a heavy hydrocarbon (see https://lnkd.in/g-Y8RgAv) ) often derived from coal tar. This test method covers the determination of pitch density by helium pycnometer. It is applicable at a range of room temperatures of 15 °C to 35 °C. The method includes a conversion from room temperature to a standard 25 °C, but this pycnometer https://lnkd.in/gwUR3H7 can make the measurement AT 25 °C because it has built-in peltier temperature themostatting. It's great for measuring the density of ANY type of asphaltene (https://lnkd.in/gTfUS_95). Porous Material Characterization #density #pitch #tar #bitumen #asphalt #pycnometer #baseball #science #materialsscience #materialsengineering #materialstesting #semisolids

Sulfation rates of 3BS and 4BS pastes in H2SO4. Below image refers the amount of PbSO4 formed on soaking 10g of 3BS or 4BS paste in the H2SO4 solution of 1.23 gravity as a function of soaking time.The experimental conditions are identical for both types of pastes The 4BS paste reacts with H2SO4 much slower than 3BS because of the smaller surface area and bigger size of the crystals in the 4BS paste. Therefore, the industrial approach to soaking 3BS and 4BS pastes should be different.4BS pastes require sufficient soaking time and temperature to reach adequate growth of the PbSO4 content. In contrast, 3BS pastes should be soaked at lower temperature and shorter time. Both cures in the image are similar in profile, which implies that similar processes occur on soaking 4BS pastes as those described for 3BS pastes, leading to formation of different layers across the plate thickness. However, the volume of 4BS crystals much bigger than that 3BS crystals therefore, sulfation of 4BS particles requires special consideration.