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Bright Simons | Gold Refineries in Africa #gold #goldrefining #goldbullion

In 2020, Ghana had enough gold refinery projects in the pipeline to be adjudged sub-Saharan Africa's biggest gold refining hub outside South Africa. This was of course entirely in line with its status as Africa's largest gold producer. Why then do Ghanaians, their leaders and the general public alike, feel that "value addition" is still a distant prospect? The answer lies in unravelling an old confusion about the link between the tangible and the intangible in "value chain transformation". Often, the intangible is lost in our analysis. You would hear that Africa produces 70% of the world’s cocoa but receives less than 3% of chocolate sales. The focus here is entirely on the tangible: cocoa beans. Not the intangibles: branding, marketing, research & development, narrative-building, even country-image (SWISS chocolate, mon ami?) Hence why many cocoa processing plants have struggled to make a dent in Ghana's cocoa value addition burden. In pure arithmetic terms, Ghana's cocoa processing capacity (over 500,000 tonnes per annum) has outstripped Ghana's raw cocoa output in the latest farming year (~450,000 tonnes). Yet, most processors have historically struggled with profitability. Just as most of Ghana's large gold refineries have. Some have been completely idle for years. The challenge, of course, is that cocoa "processing" has been heavy in those categories where tangibles dominate, like powders, butter, oil etc. True cocoa value chain transformation, however, requires a massive complementary upgrade in the intangibles aspect to produce brands and inspirations in the chocolatier's and confectioner's arts & crafts. Same for gold. Jewellery, electric circuitry, dentistry components, aerotech - those are the contexts where gold finds its highest value expression. A nation must create value chain linkages to them, wherever they may be, not because it has gold, but because it *understands* them. Insight is the ultimate intangible. Contexts full of intangible domains like R&D, "creative expression", long-term training, and "country image building". Contexts that are so hard for conventional politicians to grasp and grapple with. Contexts which only genuine leadership across multiple segments of society can advance.

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