"Small, rural drinking water treatment (DWT) plants typically use only chlorine to implement the disinfection process. For these plants, free chlorine residual (FCR) serves as a key performance measure for disinfection. The FCR is stated as the concentration of free chlorine remaining in the water, after the chlorine has oxidized the target contaminants. In practice, the FCR is determined by plant operators based on their experience. Specifically, operators choose a dose of chlorine to achieve a satisfactory FCR concentration, but often have to make an estimate of the chlorine requirements. The challenge of determining an accurate FCR has led to the use of advanced FCR prediction techniques. In particular, machine learning (ML) algorithms have proven effective in achieving this goal. By identifying correlations among numerous variables in complex systems, successful ML implementation could accurately predict FCR, even from cost-effective, low-tech monitoring data." #ml #watertreatmentsystems