Meningococcal Disease: Increase in Cases and Update - CDC ALERT.

Introduction:

In response to the recent alert issued by the CDC regarding the increase in these cases, and compiling data from the CDC itself, I am writing this article to provide information on invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). This disease is serious and is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. Although this bacterium can reside in the noses and throats of healthy individuals without causing problems, it can sometimes invade the bloodstream or central nervous system, with devastating consequences for health.

Increase in Cases:

In 2023, there were 422 reported cases of IMD caused by serogroup Y in the United States, the highest annual number since 2014. As of March 25, 2024, 143 cases have been reported, representing an increase of 62 cases compared to the same period in 2023.

Specific Strain:

The majority of recent cases (68%) are caused by a specific strain called ST-1466. This strain primarily affects:

• Individuals aged 30 to 60 years (65%)
• Black or African American individuals (63%)
• Individuals with HIV (15%)

Clinical Presentation:

Many cases caused by ST-1466 do not present as typical meningitis, but rather as:

• Bacteremia (bloodstream infection) (64%)
• Septic arthritis (joint infection) (4%)

Mortality Rate:

The mortality rate for IMD caused by ST-1466 is 18%, higher than the historical rate of 11%.

Recommendations for Healthcare Providers:

• Suspect IMD in individuals with fever, headache, neck stiffness, bacteremia, or septic arthritis, especially in at-risk populations.
• Consider the age, race, and health status of the patient when assessing IMD risk.
• Initiate immediate antibiotic treatment if IMD is suspected.
• Vaccinate all individuals at risk of IMD, including:Children aged 11 to 12 years with one dose of MenACWY.Adolescents aged 16 years with a booster dose of MenACWY.Individuals with HIV with a primary series of 2 doses of MenACWY and booster doses every 3 to 5 years.

Recommendations for the Public:

• Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing symptoms of IMD.
• Discuss with your doctor the recommended meningococcal vaccines for you and your family.
• Be aware of the symptoms of IMD and stay updated on information about the disease.

Taking preventive measures and being vigilant towards the signs of meningococcal disease can save lives