What is Civil Engineering??

What is Civil Engineering??

 What is Civil Engineering??

Describe civil engineering:-

civil engineering, the profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public, such as damsbridgesaqueductscanalshighways, power plants, sewerage systems and other infrastructure.

The term was first used in the 18th century to distinguish the newly recognized profession from military engineering, until then preeminent








                                                                                      


Ø Management and Construction Engineering

This type of Civil Engineering includes constructing structures and the management of all tasks related to Construction engineering. This field has an increased business risk than other fields as civil engineers take up huge contracts that can give rewards and losses on the extreme end. The management of moving materials from one place to another also comes under this field.

Ø Structural Engineering

This type of Civil Engineering is related to analyzing and designing the structures of physical infrastructures like bridges, overpasses, complex platforms for railway lines, offshore structures like oil, gas fields in the sea, etc. In analyzing and designing aspects of Structural Engineering, a civil engineer has to make measurements and assumptions about the pressures and loads that the structures will have in its lifetime, its future impacts and how it can be safe for long-term use.

Ø Transportation Engineering

Transportation Engineering is concerned with designing transportation systems that are efficient in functioning and sustainable. The transportation system can be public or private. It includes transportation structures for streets, air transportation, tunnels, overpasses, railways, etc. It consists of fields like transportation planning, pavement engineering and infrastructure management.

Ø Water Engineering

Water engineering is about understanding how natural water bodies react to human intervention. This can lead to the conservation of potable water which is depleting rapidly. Nowadays, it is focused on the prevention of floods, drought, and understanding the nature of coastal waters.

Ø Geotechnical Engineering

Amongst the varied types of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering is concerned with exploring the ground properties on which a construction project is to be made. Checking the soil quality, the quality of the stones and will the construction be able to hold the project safely. It is the job of a geotechnical engineer to detect any vulnerabilities. After understanding all these aspects, a Geotechnical Engineering assesses the feasibility of a project.

Ø Environmental Engineering

Environmental Engineering involves the nature conservation and protection-related activities like green engineering, pollution elimination, solid waste treatment, handling hazardous waste materials, protection of densely populated areas, and natural resources situated in densely populated areas, amongst others.

Ø Coastal Engineering

Coastal engineering is concerned with the management and protection of coastal areas from floods, erosion and other environmental factors. A coastal engineer is expected to apply certain techniques that help in the protection of the area. 

Ø History

The beginnings of civil engineering as a separate discipline may be seen in the foundation in France in 1716 of the Bridge and Highway Corps, out of which in 1747 grew the (“National School of Bridges and Highways”). Its teachers wrote books that became standard works on the mechanics of materials, machines, and hydraulics, and leading British engineers learned French to read them. As design and calculation replaced rule of thumb and empirical formulas, and as expert knowledge was codified and formulated, the nonmilitary engineer moved to the front of the stage. Talented, if often self-taught, craftsmen, stonemasons, millwrights, toolmakers, and instrument makers became civil engineers.

Ø Civil engineering functions

The functions of the civil engineer can be divided into three categories: those performed before construction (feasibility studies, site investigations, and design), those performed during construction (dealing with clients, consulting engineers, and contractors), and those performed after construction (maintenance and research).

 


v Branches of civil engineering


Ø Site investigations

A preliminary site investigation is part of the feasibility study, but once a plan has been adopted a more extensive investigation is usually imperative.

Ø Design

 

The design of engineering works may require the application of design theory from many fields—e.g., hydraulicsthermodynamics, or nuclear physics. Research in structural analysis and the technology of materials has opened the way for more rational designs, new design concepts, and greater economy of materials. Modern designers not only have advanced theories and readily available design data, but structural designs can now be rigorously analyzed by computer


Ø Construction

Almost all civil engineering contracts include some element of construction work. The development of steel and concrete as building materials had the effect of placing design more in the hands of the civil engineer than the architect. The engineer’s analysis of a building problem, based on function and economics, determines the building’s structural design.

Transportation

Roman roads and bridges were products of military engineering, but the pavements of McAdam and the bridges of perronet were the work of the civil engineer. e.g., traffic studies, design of systems for road, rail, and air, and construction including pavements, embankments, bridges, and tunnels.



Ø Power

Civil engineers have always played an important part in mining for coal and metals; the driving of tunnels is a task common to many branches of civil engineering.

Ø Health

Drainage and liquid-waste disposal are closely associated with antipollution measures and the re-use of water. The urban development of parts of water catchment areas can alter the nature of runoff, and the training and regulation of rivers produce changes in the pattern of events, resulting in floods and the need for flood prevention and control.

Ø Maritime and hydraulic engineering

Harbor construction and shipbuilding are ancient arts. For many developing countries today the establishment of a large, efficient harbor is an early imperative, to serve as the inlet for industrial plant and needed raw materials and the outlet for finished goods.

 

Civil engineering salary


civil engineering jobs


civil engineering subjects


civil engineering course


civil engineering requirements


types of civil engineering


civil engineering syllabus

 


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