Britain ousts Conservative Party after 14 years in major win for center-left Labour

The Labour Party is ready to “restore Britain to the service of working people,” Starmer said after the election was called for the center-left party.

The victory by Labour, which easily secured the 326 seats necessary for a parliamentary majority, ends 14 years of rule by the Conservative Party, with Starmer set to succeed Sunak as prime minister.     

“We did it,” Starmer told a cheering crowd in an early-morning speech in central London. “You voted for it and now it has arrived. Change begins now.”

“A weight has been lifted, a burden finally removed from the shoulders of this great nation, and now we can look forward again,” he said.

LONDON — Britain woke up today to the scene of a political earthquake. The opposition Labour Party, after 14 years in the political wilderness, has handed a brutal defeat to the ruling Conservatives.

Party leader Keir Starmer is now certain to become prime minister in the coming hours, replacing his Conservative Party counterpart, Rishi Sunak, who has presided over one of the worst electoral losses in British political history.

“We did it,” Starmer told a cheering crowd in central London. “You voted for it and now it has arrived. Change begins now.”

“A burden finally removed from the shoulders of this great nation,” he said. Now the country can “move forward again.”

Read the full story here.

A grave-looking Sunak retained his seat but acknowledged it had been a “difficult night” as the opposition Labour Party looked set to win in a landslide.

“The Labour Party has won this election,” Sunak said after the results in his Yorkshire constituency of Richmond and Northallerton were announced. “I have called Starmer to congratulate him.”

“I take responsibility for the loss,” he added, apologizing to defeated Conservative candidates.

After having declared the election earlier than expected and presided over a campaign beset by scandals, PR failures and allegations of insider betting, Sunak may have led the Conservatives to their worst defeat ever, according to exit polls.

Ex-Home Secretary Suella Braverman, a far-right, anti-immigration member of the Conservative Party who clashed with Sunak, has apologized to her constituency on behalf of her party.

“I’m sorry that my party didn’t listen to you,” she said after she retained her Fareham seat. “The Conservative Party has let you down.”

“We did not keep our promises,” she continued. “We acted like we were entitled to your vote.”

Sunak dismissed Braverman as home secretary in November after she accused the London Metropolitan Police of bias in the policing of protests. Braverman has since said she regrets having backed Sunak for prime minister.

The incumbent Conservative Party has lost a number of high-profile MPs with Labour on course for a resounding victory.

According to the BBC, 16 senior Conservatives had lost their seats.

Defense Secretary Grant Shapps is the most senior member of Sunak’s Cabinet to lose his seat so far, having also served as home secretary, transport minister and chairman of the Conservative Party. 

“What is crystal clear to me tonight is not so much that Labour won this election, but rather the Conservatives have lost it,” Shapps said in his concession speech.

Flanked by rival candidates, including one dressed as Elmo, a smiling Starmer promised change after he won his central London seat of Holborn and St Pancras.

“Tonight, people here and around the country have spoken, and they’re ready for change,” he said. “You have voted; it is now time for us to deliver.”

“Change begins in this community with the people who came together to make life better.”

Starmer has held the seat since 2015, but his vote share dropped by 17% after a surge in support for independent, pro-Gaza candidate Andrew Feinstein.

A lot has changed since Conservatives came into power in 2010. Here is Britain by the numbers in that time.

Some of the parameters, like growth in gross domestic product, have been influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic, arguably beyond the control of any government, but there are still visible trends since 2010.

GDP growth rebounded from minus 4.6% in 2009 to 2.2% when the Tories came to power in 2010, according to World Bank data. It varied between 1% and 3% in the following years until the pandemic tanked it to minus 10.4% in 2020. It bounced back to 8.7% the next year but has been on the decline since then, with a gain of only 0.1% last year. 

Farage, a key architect of Brexit and ally of Trump, handily won a seat in the seaside town of Clacton in his eighth attempt at becoming a MP.

"My plan is to build a mass national movement," Farage said in his acceptance speech.

While Farage has failed to win before, he has had a profound impact on U.K. politics as the former leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party and as a member of the European Parliament. He is considered partly responsible for dragging the Conservative Party to the right, and he played a key role in driving the U.K.'s exit from the European Union.

His decision to run as an MP during this election led to huge support for his Reform UK party, taking voters away from both Labour and the Conservatives. According to exit polls, Reform UK is projected to win 13 seats. In a video posted on X, Farage said “the revolt against the establishment” was underway.

Ex-Labour leader and committed socialist Jeremy Corbyn has retained his seat in North London after he ran as an independent against Labour candidate Praful Nargund.

Corbyn, 74, has represented Islington North since 1983, and as leader he galvanized many on the left, helping to attract thousands of new party members. But after two electoral losses and a row over antisemitism during his time as party leader, he was banned from running as a candidate and later expelled.

Starmer has been accused of purging the left of the party as he consolidates control and tries to appeal to centrist voters.

Starmer received a hero's welcome as he arrived at the vote count for his Holborn and St Pancras constituency in central London after midnight.

He and his wife, Victoria, were greeted with cheers and applause by the crowd. His party is expected to secure a landslide majority, according to exit polls.

Ex-Attorney General Dominic Grieve, who was ousted from the Conservatives amid his opposition to Brexit, says the exit polls spell a historic defeat for his former party.

“The exit poll confirms that the Conservative Party is heading for one of its most disastrous defeats in modern history,” he told NBC News.

Grieve was a Conservative MP from 1997 until 2019, when he was ejected from the Conservative Party after he backed a bill trying to stop a no-deal Brexit as the U.K. negotiated its way out of the European Union. Grieve was staunchly in favor of the U.K.’s remaining in the bloc.

He instead ran as an independent in the 2019 general election, losing his seat to the Conservative candidate.

The front pages for tomorrow morning's newspapers are trumpeting a huge Labour victory, in line with exit polls that predict a crushing defeat for the Conservatives.

The Sun, which has backed the Conservatives in the last four elections but gave its support to Labour this week, wrote "Britain sees red" with polls predicting a 170-majority for Starmer's party.

The Daily Telegraph, a fierce supporter of the Conservatives, trumpeted a Labour "landslide," alongside a photograph of Starmer and his wife.

But the Daily Mirror, an historic supporter of the Labour Party, struck a more upbeat tone with "Keir we go."

For the loser of this electoral contest, there is barely time to take down the drapes in No. 10 Downing St., where the British prime minister lives and works.

But first for Sunak, the most immediate challenge will be keeping his seat as a lawmaker for Richmond and Northallerton, where he faces a stern challenge from Labour. The result there will be called at 4 a.m. (11 p.m. ET Thursday), by which time the national result may be becoming clearer.

While the new prime minister-apparent will be making celebratory showings at campaign headquarters, the losing candidate often stews in backrooms surrounded by family members or advisers, absorbing the result as it solidifies around them. In past elections, daybreak has seen the outgoing leader emerge from Downing Street, give a short speech at a lectern and depart the residence with their family for the last time — often an emotional goodbye.

They will then travel to Buckingham Palace to hand their resignation to King Charles III. After that they are free to dissolve into whichever post-leadership life they chose: backbench grandee, newspaper columnist or West Coast tech mogul in Silicon Valley.

The first constituency to report official results, Houghton and Sunderland South in the northeast of the country, showed a commanding victory for Labour as Farage’s right-wing party came in second ahead of the Conservatives.

Labour won a comfortable victory with 18,847 votes. Meanwhile, Farage's Reform UK party came in second with 11,668, more than double the 5,514 votes won by the Conservatives. Farage's party also beat the Conservatives to second place in Blyth & Ashigton as Labour secured another seat.

Reform UK is projected to win 13 seats, according to exit polls.

Starmer has thanked voters and campaigners with his party set to win a decisive victory, according to exit polls.

“To everyone who has campaigned for Labour in this election, to everyone who voted for us and put their trust in our changed Labour Party — thank you,” he posted on X.

Sunak also paid tribute to Conservative candidates, volunteers and voters who turned out.

"To the hundreds of Conservative candidates, thousands of volunteers and millions of voters: Thank you for your hard work, thank you for your support, and thank you for your vote," he wrote on X.

Tim Bale, a professor of politics at Queen Mary University of London, told NBC News that while the results of the election appeared bad — very, very bad — for Sunak's Conservatives, they did not look like they posed a threat to the party's existence.

“It’s a great result for Labour and pretty disastrous — though not ‘existential’ — for the Conservatives," he wrote after exit polls were released but before official results were announced.

"How long it will take them to recover is the big question — especially with Reform snapping at their heels," Bale added, referring to Trump ally Nigel Farage's right-wing anti-immigration party.

If you're just joining us, voters in the U.K. have voted in the country's parliamentary elections.

This election was fought primarily between the ruling Conservative Party, which has been in government for 14 years, and the opposition Labour Party, which has not won a general election since the days of Tony Blair in 2005.

Every pre-election poll said Labour would win comfortably — with many of them predicting an unprecedented landslide. Before voting opened, some Conservatives were openly conceding defeat. Many voters said they were not being driven by love for Labour, however, but rather by a deep dissatisfaction with the Conservatives.

For many in Britain, the country has long felt stagnant or broken: from the economy and public institutions, like the crumbling National Health Service, to the sewage-filled rivers and the expensive, delay-ridden railways.

Exit polls indicate a catastrophic election for the Conservatives, who appear to have won the fewest seats in their history, at 131.

In 1906, Conservative leader Arthur Balfour led the party to its lowest-ever total of 156. In the modern era, the 1997 election was the Conservatives’ worst, with 165 seats. These totals date to the foundation of the Conservative Party in 1834.

Labour’s first election was in 1900, and its first few totals of seats were low. Since 1945, it has not dipped below 200 seats. 

Exit polls are indicating a decisive victory for Britain’s center-left Labour Party, which means Starmer will be prime minister, replacing the Conservatives' Sunak.

The national exit poll, which is paid for by Britain's three major broadcasters, the BBC, ITV and Sky, which is owned by NBC News' parent company, Comcast, is known to be reliable and has given a strong indication of what the final results will be in past elections.

The exit poll is based on a small sample of voters from more than 130 polling stations across the country, with the method engineered by academics David Firth and John Curtice, who is widely regarded as Britain's top polling expert.

It will be some hours until the final results are revealed — but we'll be here to provide updates along the way.

Once polling stations close at 10 p.m. local time (5 p.m. ET), it'll be hours before we have the final results — but exit polls should give us a strong indication of how this election will shake out.

Britain's national exit poll has, for years, been a reliable indicator of the final results in British elections, thanks to the implementation of a polling method engineered by academics David Firth and John Curtice.

Fieldworkers for the U.K.'s exit poll ask thousands of people at more than 130 voting sites across the country to fill out replica ballot papers, with Britain's three major broadcasters — the BBC, ITV and Sky — paying for the survey and airing its findings once polling stations close. (Sky is owned by NBC News' parent company, Comcast.)

Ipsos has carried out an exit poll in every U.K. general election since 1997, according to its website — and it says that by "intercepting electors" as they leave dozens of polling stations across Great Britain, pollsters are able to paint a "detailed and high-quality picture of voting trends" that can inform a "highly accurate seat projection." Still, as Ipsos notes, "no polling method is infallible" and the final results will be the ones to seal the deal on Britain's future.

Right-wing Reform UK party leader Nigel Farage appeared to hop on the #DogsAtPollingStations bandwagon earlier today, posing with a pup outside a voting station.

It's unlikely that either actually cast a ballot at the polling station, with Farage, who is running to represent Clacton-on-Sea, having voted by post, according to the BBC.

It's also unclear whether it was Farage's own pup. He has posted photos previously of at least two of his dogs, Pebble and Baxter.

British dogs aren't the only four-legged creatures hightailing it to polls — cats, horses and even reptiles have been spotted outside polling stations today, with their owners eager to get their beloved pets involved in the democratic action.

One social media user, Amy Hughes, shared a photo on X showing the poster arriving at a polling station on horseback.

"Early to the polling station this morning," Hughes wrote just before 7:30 a.m. local time, no doubt beating those who made their way on foot with the help of a trusty steed.

A bit further behind was Topsy the tortoise, who was spotted posing outside a polling station later this afternoon.

Meanwhile, several cats infiltrated the popular #DogsAtPollingStations hashtag on X, determined not to let democracy go to the dogs.

Who let the dogs out?

British voters, apparently.

There are 23,800 posts and counting for the U.K.'s top election day hashtag on X, #dogsatpollingstations.

Media outlets in the U.K. are under a strict reporting blackout while voting takes place, with our London bureau among those observing the rules. But until the polls close, the pupperazi are clearly out in full force, delivering election content online.

If Starmer wins, he would be the first member of Parliament with the title “Sir” to be elected British prime minister since the 1950s.

He received this chivalric royal honor in 2014 in recognition for his work as a human rights lawyer and head of Britain’s government prosecutor’s office. Though Queen Elizabeth II was on the throne at the time, Starmer received his knighthood from then-Prince Charles, who tapped the kneeling lawyer on each shoulder with the flat edge of a sword.

Starmer's full title is Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, which was first given by King George I in 1725 and, according to the royal family, dates to medieval times when knights were actual soldiers toting swords and armor. It's a lofty honorific for Starmer, a man with the most blue-collar upbringing of any candidate in a generation.

Plenty of prime ministers have been knighted since leaving office, but Starmer would be the first MP and leader to already have the title since Anthony Eden, who was knighted in 1954 and became prime minister a year later.

While some parts of the U.K. were expecting rain today, in Britain's capital, it's been nothing but clear and sunny skies for voters making their way to London's polling stations.

Today's weather stands in stark contrast to Britain's last general election on Dec. 12, 2019, when temperatures were much cooler and many lining up at polling stations had to endure rain, prompting concerns the dreary weather might affect voter turnout (even if Londoners are used to it).

Still, official figures from the House of Commons library showed voter turnout in 2019 was at 67.3%, down by just 1.5 percentage points compared to the June 2017 election, but higher than the four elections held between 2001 and 2015, with all four held during the months of May and June.

Experts have said they don't believe there's a correlation between regular weather and voter turnout. But John Curtice, a top polling expert in the U.K., told NBC News no one should be surprised if voter turnout is "on the low side" for different reasons.

As with any country, the U.K. certainly has its quirks when it comes to its election results, so we’ve put together a dictionary to help you make it through the election. (The first part, defining terms like Blue Wall, Red Wall and the House of Lords, is here.)

First past the post: The name given to the U.K.’s system of selecting members of Parliament (MPs). Voters in each constituency elect one MP, and the person with the most votes wins. With more than two parties likely running in a constituency, wins are often taken with pluralities rather than absolute majorities.

Hung parliament: When an election ends without any party having a majority. This can lead to a coalition or a confidence and supply agreement. 

Americans who remember former Prime Minister Tony Blair may think that Labour, the left-of-center party that he led, regularly wins power here. In fact, Blair was Britain’s first Labour prime minister since the 1970s — and the party hasn’t won a single general election since he stood down in 2007.

If Starmer ends that losing streak today, he will become just the fourth man since World War II to defeat the Conservatives. The others: Clement Attlee in 1945, Harold Wilson in 1964 and 1974 and Blair from 1997 to 2005.

The two other Labour prime ministers in that period, James Callaghan and Gordon Brown, both inherited the role but never won elections. Since 2005 Labour has suffered four consecutive defeats, the most recent a historically chastening ballot-box beatdown for then-leader Jeremy Corbyn in 2019.

If Starmer manages to end these 14 years of Conservative rule, he would echo Attlee, Wilson and Blair, all of whom ousted governments that had stood for a decade or more. In all, Labour has governed for just 30 years of its 120-year history. By contrast, the Conservatives' dominance often fuels their claim to be the most successful force in British political history.

HONG KONG — For thousands of Hong Kongers who moved to Britain after Beijing’s crackdown on dissent in the Chinese territory, the election offers a chance to vote again. And in some seats, the fate of Conservative candidates could hang on their votes.

More than 120,000 people from the former British colony have moved to Britain under a bespoke immigration scheme the U.K. introduced in 2021 in response to a national security law imposed by Beijing.

“It is very meaningful for them to participate in democratic elections again,” Ian Ng, a spokesperson for the Vote for Hong Kong 2024 campaign, said in an interview. “Their turnout will not be low,” he added.

As with any country, the U.K. certainly has its quirks when it comes to its electoral process, so we've put together a dictionary to help you make it through the election.

Red Wall: Contrary to the U.S. color-politics system, the left-of-center Labour Party is associated with the the color red. The Red Wall is the often-working class, post-industrial constituencies in England’s north and middle (Midlands). The Conservative Party won many Red Wall seats in the last election.

Blue Wall: The group of constituencies that have traditionally voted for the Conservative Party, which uses the color blue. The constituencies are for the most part in the more affluent, southern part of England. Many are in the commuter belt outside London.

House of Commons: The lower chamber of the U.K. Parliament, where the 650 elected members make the country’s laws. Today’s election is to put MPs into this legislature.

House of Lords: The U.K. Parliament’s upper chamber. Historically made up of "hereditary peers" — the dukes, lords, viscounts and earls who inherited their seat in government — the U.K. abolished the inheritance right in 1999. Its unelected members are now appointed from politics, or other areas like science and the arts. Peers scrutinize the work of the government and recommend legislation changes, and many stay in the job for life.

Every election day, thousands of schools, churches and village halls across the United Kingdom are turned into polling stations. There are around 40,000 of these voting places in all, according to the Electoral Commission, but some are more unusual than others.

Voters in the historic city of Oxford are casting their ballots at the local laundromat, where parties will hope their spin has been effective.

In Salford, in the north of England, polling booths have been set up at Ordsall Hall, a mansion dating to the 13th century.

In Besthorpe, Norfolk, a farm has been commandeered for democratic purposes. As has a historic granary windmill in Thelnetham, Suffolk. And in Formby, near Liverpool, voters can reward their civic participation with a pint.

Perhaps the strangest of all, however, is the home of June Thomas, who regularly turns her small house into a polling station for the residents of Daventry, in Northamptonshire. She doesn't take full advantage by casting her ballot there, however, instead voting by post.

"I don’t think I’ve ever voted in my house — even though it’s the polling station," she told the BBC. "I can see why people might laugh."

Some voters in the United Kingdom will end up disappointed today — and not necessarily because their party doesn’t win.

The Elections Act, a law introduced in 2022 during former Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s tenure, requires voters to provide photo identification such as a passport or a driver’s license when they go to cast their ballots.

At local elections in May, thousands of voters without the correct identification were turned away.

Among them, ironically, was Johnson himself, who was turned away when he failed to bring his ID to his polling station, but later returned to successfully cast his ballot.

The leader of the Liberal Democrats cast his ballot at a church hall in his constituency earlier today.

For the uninitiated, the centrist Liberal Democrat Party formed a coalition government with the Conservative Party between 2010 and 2015. It's also the only major party to support the U.K. rejoining the European Union's single market, which would roll back a significant element of Brexit.

Davey has taken an unusual tack in his campaigning, grabbing what attention he can by undertaking a series of unusual stunts such as paddle-boarding, riding a rollercoaster, attending a zumba class and plummeting toward the ground attached to a bungee cord while screaming, "vote Liberal Democrat."

When either Sunak or Starmer takes to the stage to hail victory in the British election tomorrow, they will be joined at their moment of triumph by either a man with a trash can on his head or someone dressed as Elmo from Sesame Street.

Among the more than 4,500 candidates standing for election to Parliament’s 650 seats are those from fringe parties, single-issue campaigners and, in a peculiarly British tradition, those who are simply making fun of the whole thing.

The best-known figure in the latter category is Count Binface, “an intergalactic space warrior, leader of the Recyclons from planet sigma IX,” who will be challenging Sunak in his constituency in northern England.

Dressed in a silver outfit with matching cape and wearing a silver trash can as a helmet, Binface says that he wants to make the election “Bindependence Day” and that he is the “sane” choice for the electorate.

Read the full story here.

Experts are expecting low voter turnout in today's U.K. election as many across the country feel increasingly politically homeless — and hopeless about the future.

Just over 67% of people registered to vote in the U.K.’s last general election in 2019 cast their ballots, compared with 68.8% in 2017. John Curtice, one of Britain’s leading polling experts, said he wouldn’t be surprised if voter turnout is “on the low side” again.

“There’s clearly considerable disenchantment for the current government, but there isn’t a lot of enthusiasm for the alternative,” he said.

With the British press under a strict reporting blackout while voting is taking place, a social media trend has filled the gap in recent years: #dogsatpollingstations.

Open up X or Instagram on any election day in the U.K. and you'll see proud dog-owners (and the occasional cat-owner) killing two birds with one stone and taking their pooch for a walk while exercising their democratic rights.

Among our favorites is Mungo, whose human is none other than Annie Hill, an NBC News platforms and social media editor based in London.

Britain has been mired in a cost-of-living crisis. Real wages have flatlined for a decade — the U.K.’s average salary is 29,669 pounds (about $38,000) — and prices have spiraled for utilities and food. Meanwhile, Britain has the worst rate of homelessness in the developed world, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and 30% of children are growing up in poverty, government figures show.

Rishi Sunak says “brighter days” are ahead after inflation fell back from 11% in 2022 to the target of 2% last month. His party has promised cuts to taxes and public spending, which some economists say are unrealistic given how threadbare budgets already are.

Cautious of the Conservative accusation that it’s irresponsible with the economy, Labour has refused to raise income taxes. Some economists say if Labour wants to boost public services, then some sort of hike may be unavoidable.

Other key issues for voters are the NHS, which is beloved but underfunded and dilapidated, and rising immigration despite post-Brexit promises that this would fall. Meanwhile Sunak has staked much of his manifesto on a controversial plan to deport asylum-seekers to Rwanda, as well as introducing mandatory national service for 18-year-olds.

Just a handful of holidaymakers dot the pier of what was once a bustling seaside resort. But change is in the air in Clacton-on-Sea, a sleepy backwater that may become the vanguard for the British right wing if it elects Nigel Farage, a close ally of former President Donald Trump, to Parliament today. 

“He hasn’t proven himself, but we’ll give him a chance,” Neville Hurling, 67, said as he sat outside on the patio of the Moon and Starfish Wetherspoon pub last week during a rare mini-heat wave. 

Farage, who leads the right-wing Reform UK party and is one of Britain’s most divisive public figures, had celebrated the launch of his campaign from the same pub just days earlier.

Read full story here.

Starmer is running against Sunak, whose Conservative Party has run the country 14 years.

But for a man who could rule this key American ally, the world’s sixth-largest economy, there is little consensus about what kind of leader Starmer, 61, would be or even what kind of man he is.

He has the most blue-collar upbringing of any candidate in a generation while at the same time being the first since the 1950s to already have the title “Sir” after having been knighted by the monarchy. He is a vegetarian and a self-described socialist but also a hate figure for many leftists who accuse him of veering rightward in search of power. And while friends describe him as an affable but hypercompetitive soccer fanatic, in public he often appears stiff and lacking charisma.

Read the full story here.

Rishi Sunak has a habit of making history. He’s the United Kingdom’s first British Indian prime minister and its first Hindu leader, and at 42 he was the youngest to take the job in over 200 years. He’s also probably the richest person to govern from No. 10 Downing St.

Now 44, Sunak is about to mark new records in the U.K. general election today.  

Hanging over the electorate is a feeling that there is one set of rules for the elites in London — and another for the rest of Britain after years of Conservative Party rule. Living standards are being squeezed. The gap between the very rich and the rest has continued to widen. There is the widespread perception that public services are not just struggling but on the verge of failing.

Read full story here.

In an effort to make sure that political coverage is impartial on election day, the U.K.'s state broadcasting regulator, Ofcom, is strict about what media outlets based in Britain can and can't say while the country's voting.

Because NBC News' London bureau is covering the election, we'll be upholding these rules.

They include avoiding direct discussion of issues, individuals and polling related to the election. While content published before voting began is allowed, outlets aren't allowed to publish anything new on the day of the vote.

When voting closes, though, the gloves are off.

The U.K. general election is very different from its U.S. equivalent in that the British ballot elects both the executive and the legislature at once. In the states, the president and Congress are voted for separately; in Britain, the whole thing is effectively bundled up together.

The British version isn’t a single vote but rather 650 mini-elections held across the country. The results of those 650 counts won’t be confirmed until the early hours of tomorrow morning, with some tight races or races in remote parts of the country delayed until much later that day.

Each of the 650 mini-elections selects one lawmaker to send to the House of Commons. And if one party manages to get more than half of the members of Parliament, or MPs, it can form a government. That party’s leader, also an MP, usually becomes prime minister, who selects Cabinet members mostly from other elected lawmakers.

If no party wins a majority, coalition negotiations begin.

Read the full story here.

Sunak and Starmer aren’t the only ones competing.

Reform U.K. is a right-wing populist group spearheaded by Donald Trump ally Nigel Farage. The Scottish National Party hopes to hold onto its dominance in Scotland. And Ed Davey’s Liberal Democrats will look to make gains elsewhere. The Greens and Wales’ Plaid Cymru are also fielding candidates and have won single-digit hauls of seats in the past.

Although Britain is often considered a two-party system, these historically smaller groups could be called on to form a coalition if neither the Conservatives nor Labour win enough seats to govern alone. That was the case in 2017, when Conservative leader Theresa May failed to amass enough votes and was forced to enter an informal coalition with the Democratic Unionist Party of Northern Ireland.

Northern Ireland is something of an anomaly in that the mainstream British parties don’t have much of a presence there; in their stead the DUP, Sinn Fein and others are mostly drawn along sectarian lines. No such coalition shenanigans were necessary at the last election in 2019, when Johnson won a convincing majority against Jeremy Corbyn, who led Labour at the time.

Millions of Britons began voting today in an election principally between the Conservative government of 14 years and its Labour Party opposition. Unlike in the US, the Conservatives, which lean right, are represented by the color blue. Labour, meanwhile, are represented by red — historically the color of the international left-wing movement.

The Conservatives are led by Sunak, 44, who became leader in 2022 without a public vote after his predecessors, Boris Johnson and then Liz Truss, resigned in quick succession.

Labour is headed up by Starmer, 61, a former prosecutor and human rights lawyer who hopes to become the party’s first national leader since Gordon Brown was defeated way back in 2010.

This year, the election is being fought on the battleground of the economy. Britain has stagnated in recent years, battling high inflation and flatlining wages compounded by its acrimonious departure from the European Union. Other big issues, voters say, are the National Health Service, a beloved, publicly funded institution that’s perpetually on the brink of collapse, and immigration.