Photo of Spencer Walker, MA, CCC, Counsellor
Spencer Walker
Counsellor, MA, CCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N
My client focus is working with neurodivergent people with conditions such as ADHD, Autism and Learning Disabilities. Although these differences can be an asset in many situations, individuals may have difficulty navigating a world not necessarily designed for them. Feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, and low self esteem may linger from years of feeling misunderstood or being under-equipped in social, school or work settings. Exploring your strengths, obstacles and goals allow you to take charge of your mental health and work with your difference rather than against it.
My client focus is working with neurodivergent people with conditions such as ADHD, Autism and Learning Disabilities. Although these differences can be an asset in many situations, individuals may have difficulty navigating a world not necessarily designed for them. Feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, and low self esteem may linger from years of feeling misunderstood or being under-equipped in social, school or work settings. Exploring your strengths, obstacles and goals allow you to take charge of your mental health and work with your difference rather than against it.
(587) 405-3108 View (587) 405-3108
Photo of Sarah Siddiqui - Sarah Siddiqui Counselling, MSW, RSW, RCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Siddiqui Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
Does the feeling of being trapped by painful thoughts, emotions or behaviors keep you from being the person you want to be? Have you struggled with loneliness and building meaningful connections? Are you feeling burnt out because of the state of this world feels uncertain and overwhelming? Do you have a loved one who is struggling with their mental health and you aren't sure how to help?
Does the feeling of being trapped by painful thoughts, emotions or behaviors keep you from being the person you want to be? Have you struggled with loneliness and building meaningful connections? Are you feeling burnt out because of the state of this world feels uncertain and overwhelming? Do you have a loved one who is struggling with their mental health and you aren't sure how to help?
(226) 400-6320 View (226) 400-6320
Photo of Cynthia Farnsworth, MA, RCC, GradDip, Counsellor
Cynthia Farnsworth
Counsellor, MA, RCC, GradDip
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N
Is your life feeling out of balance, or are you feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious? You may have grown up in a neglectful or high conflict home, have a really stressful job or relationship, or feel lonely. Perhaps you've started to feel numb, or had panic attacks, or the stress is building up inside you? If you feel stuck in patterns and it's getting in the way of your relationships or your work life, and if you want to learn and practice ways to feel more resilient, more true to yourself, and to self-regulate, I can help.
Is your life feeling out of balance, or are you feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious? You may have grown up in a neglectful or high conflict home, have a really stressful job or relationship, or feel lonely. Perhaps you've started to feel numb, or had panic attacks, or the stress is building up inside you? If you feel stuck in patterns and it's getting in the way of your relationships or your work life, and if you want to learn and practice ways to feel more resilient, more true to yourself, and to self-regulate, I can help.
(855) 976-9561 View (855) 976-9561
Photo of Tracy Whitmore, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Tracy Whitmore
Registered Social Worker, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
Are you tired of feeling trapped, stressed, or overwhelmed? Are you treating yourself in a way that goes against your own values? Have you been seeking solutions but feel stuck? Is a cloud of negativity holding you back from your true potential? Are you grappling with questions about your identity and purpose? If you or your child identify as LGBTQ+, do fear, shame, rejection, isolation, confusion, or overwhelm affect your life and relationships? The good news is that there is hope.
Are you tired of feeling trapped, stressed, or overwhelmed? Are you treating yourself in a way that goes against your own values? Have you been seeking solutions but feel stuck? Is a cloud of negativity holding you back from your true potential? Are you grappling with questions about your identity and purpose? If you or your child identify as LGBTQ+, do fear, shame, rejection, isolation, confusion, or overwhelm affect your life and relationships? The good news is that there is hope.
(819) 805-3187 View (819) 805-3187
Photo of Nathan Morneau, RPC-C, Counsellor
Nathan Morneau
Counsellor, RPC-C
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Nathan and I am Registered Professional Counsellor with the Canadian Professional Counselling Association. With a background in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and a deep understanding of various therapeutic modalities, I bring a compassionate and culturally sensitive approach to each relationship I encounter.
Hi, my name is Nathan and I am Registered Professional Counsellor with the Canadian Professional Counselling Association. With a background in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and a deep understanding of various therapeutic modalities, I bring a compassionate and culturally sensitive approach to each relationship I encounter.
(506) 708-7997 View (506) 708-7997
Photo of Ishtar Beck - Ciel Community Counselling, Counsellor
Ciel Community Counselling
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N
If you need someone to talk to about your mental health without breaking the bank, that's what we are here for. At Ciel Community Counselling, you will find counselling that is truly affordable, as well as compassionate, supportive, and strength-based. Sessions are delivered by an enthusiastic team of Master of Counselling Psychology student interns whose work is supervised by veteran, social-justice focused professional counsellors. Counselling does not have to be expensive to be effective!
If you need someone to talk to about your mental health without breaking the bank, that's what we are here for. At Ciel Community Counselling, you will find counselling that is truly affordable, as well as compassionate, supportive, and strength-based. Sessions are delivered by an enthusiastic team of Master of Counselling Psychology student interns whose work is supervised by veteran, social-justice focused professional counsellors. Counselling does not have to be expensive to be effective!
(581) 200-1139 View (581) 200-1139
Photo of Averill Hanson - Next Step Online Therapy, RSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Next Step Online Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RSW, MPH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
You can manage unwanted thoughts, emotions, and behaviours; feel less anxious and more able to relax; and gain control of your life. Take the next step toward feeling more calm and confident. Understand how adult ADHD or difficult experiences play a role in your life so you can set goals and practice tools that work best for you. Members of 2SLGBTQ+ and BIPOC communities welcome.
You can manage unwanted thoughts, emotions, and behaviours; feel less anxious and more able to relax; and gain control of your life. Take the next step toward feeling more calm and confident. Understand how adult ADHD or difficult experiences play a role in your life so you can set goals and practice tools that work best for you. Members of 2SLGBTQ+ and BIPOC communities welcome.
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Photo of Cynthia Farnsworth - Blooming Brains Neurofeedback and Technologies, MA, RCC, Counsellor
Blooming Brains Neurofeedback and Technologies
Counsellor, MA, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N
Are you looking for help but also tired of talking, or want to boost the benefits you get from talk therapy? Do you rely on quick and effective brain processing for your work, sport, creativity, or hobbies? Are you feeling reactive or activated and would like just that moment’s pause before taking action? Our clients report handling stress better and improved focus, sleep and mood, and a host of other shifts. We use EEG technology to collect information about your brain's electrical activity, then offer feedback as sound interruptions, to train your brain toward optimal function. It's easy access, low barrier, and ok for everyone.
Are you looking for help but also tired of talking, or want to boost the benefits you get from talk therapy? Do you rely on quick and effective brain processing for your work, sport, creativity, or hobbies? Are you feeling reactive or activated and would like just that moment’s pause before taking action? Our clients report handling stress better and improved focus, sleep and mood, and a host of other shifts. We use EEG technology to collect information about your brain's electrical activity, then offer feedback as sound interruptions, to train your brain toward optimal function. It's easy access, low barrier, and ok for everyone.
(778) 404-1309 View (778) 404-1309
Photo of Nadia Campitelli Expressive Arts Therapist, RTC, MAT, Counsellor
Nadia Campitelli Expressive Arts Therapist
Counsellor, RTC, MAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N
Come as you are. I am devoted to creating a safe and supportive atmosphere. Whether you come with overwhelming anxiety, depression, unworthiness, a history of abuse, trauma, disordered eating or want to work on improving unhealthy thought patterns - all is welcome. Expressive Arts Therapy is a non-invasive nourishment focused approach to therapy that uses direct experience through art making to tap into the senses in order to explore thoughts, patterns, and belief systems. No prior technical skill is necessary. I understand my immense responsibility not only as a space-holder but also as a witness to your vulnerability.
Come as you are. I am devoted to creating a safe and supportive atmosphere. Whether you come with overwhelming anxiety, depression, unworthiness, a history of abuse, trauma, disordered eating or want to work on improving unhealthy thought patterns - all is welcome. Expressive Arts Therapy is a non-invasive nourishment focused approach to therapy that uses direct experience through art making to tap into the senses in order to explore thoughts, patterns, and belief systems. No prior technical skill is necessary. I understand my immense responsibility not only as a space-holder but also as a witness to your vulnerability.
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Photo of Debra Winter, MCP, RCC, Counsellor
Debra Winter
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N
Welcome to my practice. I am based in Vancouver and work with individuals, couples, and families experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and parenting challenges. In collaboration with clients, I aim to foster an increasing awareness of what has happened till now to bring you to this point; to normalize feelings and experiences, especially those relating to trauma; and to facilitate a connection to your inner knowing. I believe that in the uncomfortable parts of life, the challenges and the chaos, we can learn to maintain healthy connections within ourselves and with our loved ones and community.
Welcome to my practice. I am based in Vancouver and work with individuals, couples, and families experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and parenting challenges. In collaboration with clients, I aim to foster an increasing awareness of what has happened till now to bring you to this point; to normalize feelings and experiences, especially those relating to trauma; and to facilitate a connection to your inner knowing. I believe that in the uncomfortable parts of life, the challenges and the chaos, we can learn to maintain healthy connections within ourselves and with our loved ones and community.
(289) 768-9215 View (289) 768-9215
Photo of Candice Seligman, MACP, DVATI, CCC, Counsellor
Candice Seligman
Counsellor, MACP, DVATI, CCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
Are you ready for deeper healing? I am a somatic and soul-based therapist & healer passionate about reconnecting you to the wisdom of your body, heart, and soul. We will use holistic healing modalities like somatic trauma therapy, parts work (like inner child healing & shadow work), hypnotherapy, energy healing & more.
Are you ready for deeper healing? I am a somatic and soul-based therapist & healer passionate about reconnecting you to the wisdom of your body, heart, and soul. We will use holistic healing modalities like somatic trauma therapy, parts work (like inner child healing & shadow work), hypnotherapy, energy healing & more.
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Photo of Katrina Topping - Katrina Topping Counselling, RSW, MSW
Katrina Topping Counselling
RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
I believe we contain multitudes within us, and many parts that make up who we are. Sometimes though, experiences in our lives make us close off from, hide, squish, contort and/or cut off from parts of who we are, especially those that do not fit the normative ideas of how we are “supposed” to be in our society, including around race, gender, gender expression, sexuality, class, neurotype, body size, nationality, relationship-structures, disability and more. I’m a Registered Social Worker, and I provide counselling from trauma-informed, collaborative, and anti-oppressive approaches.
I believe we contain multitudes within us, and many parts that make up who we are. Sometimes though, experiences in our lives make us close off from, hide, squish, contort and/or cut off from parts of who we are, especially those that do not fit the normative ideas of how we are “supposed” to be in our society, including around race, gender, gender expression, sexuality, class, neurotype, body size, nationality, relationship-structures, disability and more. I’m a Registered Social Worker, and I provide counselling from trauma-informed, collaborative, and anti-oppressive approaches.
(778) 860-4049 View (778) 860-4049
Photo of Chelsea Angeles - Chelsea Angeles, Expressive Arts Therapist, RTC, EXAT, Art Therapist
Chelsea Angeles, Expressive Arts Therapist
Art Therapist, RTC, EXAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N
I am a Certified Expressive Arts Therapist and Registered Therapeutic Counsellor. Are you feeling confused, anxious, or unsure of who you are? Are you trying to build your confidence, your self-worth, and self-esteem? Do you want to better understand yourself in order to make deeper connections with others? Do you want to feel empowered and strong in your body? ItI hope to help you (re)connect with your inner light, that life force, that energy to bring you into the fullness of yourself.
I am a Certified Expressive Arts Therapist and Registered Therapeutic Counsellor. Are you feeling confused, anxious, or unsure of who you are? Are you trying to build your confidence, your self-worth, and self-esteem? Do you want to better understand yourself in order to make deeper connections with others? Do you want to feel empowered and strong in your body? ItI hope to help you (re)connect with your inner light, that life force, that energy to bring you into the fullness of yourself.
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Photo of Connor McFadden, RCSW, RCC, Registered Social Worker
Connor McFadden
Registered Social Worker, RCSW, RCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
I am an emotionally-focused counsellor who specializes in somatic (body-based) approaches to building caring relationships with your emotions. While I am trained in many different approaches to therapy, I prioritize emotion-focused, body-based work as we now live in a society where these parts of ourselves often have been de-valued and cast out from our daily routines. However, our bodies and emotions are with us throughout our lives, and bringing them into our conscious experience can bring us a much deeper sense of harmony that we all desire. If this sounds foreign to you, don't worry- it's never too late to start this work!
I am an emotionally-focused counsellor who specializes in somatic (body-based) approaches to building caring relationships with your emotions. While I am trained in many different approaches to therapy, I prioritize emotion-focused, body-based work as we now live in a society where these parts of ourselves often have been de-valued and cast out from our daily routines. However, our bodies and emotions are with us throughout our lives, and bringing them into our conscious experience can bring us a much deeper sense of harmony that we all desire. If this sounds foreign to you, don't worry- it's never too late to start this work!
(365) 363-3231 View (365) 363-3231
Photo of Elizabeth Partridge, RPN, BNSc, MN, RCC, Psychiatric Nurse
Elizabeth Partridge
Psychiatric Nurse, RPN, BNSc, MN, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
My name is Elizabeth Partridge. I am a Registered Psychiatric Nurse with a Master in Nursing as well as a Registered Clinical Counsellor. Practicing in the Greater Vancouver area of British Columbia, I have over 20 years experience working with children and youth presenting with mental health & substance use concerns. I feel passionate to walk alongside my clients in their journey to reclaim their strength and capacity within their lives. I employ a strength based and client centered approach. I believe in holistic care where we work together in both mind and body to work through and build skills to navigate challenges.
My name is Elizabeth Partridge. I am a Registered Psychiatric Nurse with a Master in Nursing as well as a Registered Clinical Counsellor. Practicing in the Greater Vancouver area of British Columbia, I have over 20 years experience working with children and youth presenting with mental health & substance use concerns. I feel passionate to walk alongside my clients in their journey to reclaim their strength and capacity within their lives. I employ a strength based and client centered approach. I believe in holistic care where we work together in both mind and body to work through and build skills to navigate challenges.
(581) 221-1159 View (581) 221-1159
Photo of Jill Culver, RSW, MSW, Registered Social Worker
Jill Culver
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N  (Online Only)
You deserve to be happy at work! I am a career counsellor who helps confused, burned-out, disillusioned individuals find clarity and hope. I love supporting folks who may not fit into the traditional career boxes because let's face it, not everyone has dreams of being an executive or climbing the corporate ladder! Using a holistic, flexible and creative approach I help folks figure out what is important to them in a career, what strengths they bring to the table, what fits and what doesn't, and how to find happiness and success in any future role. Clients say that they feel grounded and more clear after our work together.
You deserve to be happy at work! I am a career counsellor who helps confused, burned-out, disillusioned individuals find clarity and hope. I love supporting folks who may not fit into the traditional career boxes because let's face it, not everyone has dreams of being an executive or climbing the corporate ladder! Using a holistic, flexible and creative approach I help folks figure out what is important to them in a career, what strengths they bring to the table, what fits and what doesn't, and how to find happiness and success in any future role. Clients say that they feel grounded and more clear after our work together.
(778) 765-3849 View (778) 765-3849
Photo of Derek Taylor, RTCc, Counsellor
Derek Taylor
Counsellor, RTCc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N
As a tradesperson who's walked the path of recovery and reinvention, I understand facing challenges that impact every aspect of our lives and relationships. My clients, whether in suits or work boots, find someone who speaks their language. I don't just offer therapy; I bring professional training and lived experience. My toolkit? Integrated Wellness and Life Skills Counselling – the same fundamentals that turned my life around. Here, real talk leads to real change.
As a tradesperson who's walked the path of recovery and reinvention, I understand facing challenges that impact every aspect of our lives and relationships. My clients, whether in suits or work boots, find someone who speaks their language. I don't just offer therapy; I bring professional training and lived experience. My toolkit? Integrated Wellness and Life Skills Counselling – the same fundamentals that turned my life around. Here, real talk leads to real change.
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Photo of Samudyatha Hiremagalore, MCP, RCC, Counsellor
Samudyatha Hiremagalore
Counsellor, MCP, RCC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N
Most people find themselves reaching out for therapy when feeling stuck, overwhelmed or struggling to navigate life. I enjoy walking alongside my clients on their unique journeys towards health, and love helping people transform internal conflicts, limiting self-beliefs, and old, unhelpful habits. It brings me joy to notice how the new self-awareness gained through the process of therapy provides the foundation for the change process. You can expect my warm, gentle and non-judgemental presence that will help create a safe, therapeutic space that invites both acceptance and transformation.
Most people find themselves reaching out for therapy when feeling stuck, overwhelmed or struggling to navigate life. I enjoy walking alongside my clients on their unique journeys towards health, and love helping people transform internal conflicts, limiting self-beliefs, and old, unhelpful habits. It brings me joy to notice how the new self-awareness gained through the process of therapy provides the foundation for the change process. You can expect my warm, gentle and non-judgemental presence that will help create a safe, therapeutic space that invites both acceptance and transformation.
(782) 400-0408 View (782) 400-0408
Photo of Hailea Marie Williams, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hailea Marie Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, BC V5N
I specialize in working with the 2slgbtqia+ and consensual non-monogamy communities. I also have a special interest in working with people in relationships as well as the kink community.
I specialize in working with the 2slgbtqia+ and consensual non-monogamy communities. I also have a special interest in working with people in relationships as well as the kink community.
(867) 292-0567 View (867) 292-0567
Photo of Kallie MacKinnon, Counsellor
Kallie MacKinnon
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Vancouver, BC V5N
My name is Kallie MacKinnon and I am a graduate student who is under the supervision of Dr. Masoud Aref Nazari. I bring a compassionate and non-judgemental approach to my practice that is grounded in evidence-based approaches such as CBT and humanistic modalities. Through active listening and evidence-based treatment, I am here to support you or a loved one on your path to well-being.
My name is Kallie MacKinnon and I am a graduate student who is under the supervision of Dr. Masoud Aref Nazari. I bring a compassionate and non-judgemental approach to my practice that is grounded in evidence-based approaches such as CBT and humanistic modalities. Through active listening and evidence-based treatment, I am here to support you or a loved one on your path to well-being.
(647) 931-3739 View (647) 931-3739
1

See more therapy options for V5N

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in V5N

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in V5N who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
81% Life Transitions
79% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

51% SunLife
44% Pacific Blue Cross
36% Green Shield Canada

How Counsellors in V5N see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in V5N?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postal code, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postal code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Most Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are certified by one of the main professional associations, mainly the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA), and will have a Certified Canadian Counsellor (CCC) designation with their name. Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered members of the college specific to their province. To be listed in the directory, Psychologists must be registered with the psychological college specific to their province or territory.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given the considerable variation in professional regulation and prerequisites across Canadian provinces, some providers may possess significant professional qualifications without necessarily holding professional memberships or being obliged to acquire them. As a result, they may be selectively included without the "Verified" seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors, psychotherapists and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in Canada.

Psychologists have a master's and/or doctoral degree and have passed both written and oral exams. Psychologists are able to complete mental health assessments and provide diagnostic information to clients as well as provide counselling therapy or psychotherapy. Counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to have a master's or doctoral degree in counselling psychology, social work, or a related mental health discipline and certification by a professional association, such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association. Registered Social Workers possess a Bachelor's or Master's degree in Social Work and where possible must be licensed or certified by the provincial government and/or regulatory college.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Canada could be between $100 and $200. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. Some types of outpatient mental health services are covered by Medicare, provided these are performed by a licensed mental health professional in the provinces or territory you reside in and who accepts the assignment.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postal code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Professionals licensed by regulatory colleges and those certified by associations such as the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association are obligated to uphold client confidentiality unless there is a legal reason that requires them to disclose information. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others, or a court order, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.

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