Counselling in City of London, London

Photo of Nicola Corrigan, BPC, Psychotherapist
Nicola Corrigan
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC2A
I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist offering a compassionate and confidential space for you to be listened to, and where we can explore your thoughts, emotions, experiences and any challenges you may be facing. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with individuals who seek a deeper understanding of themselves or require support in navigating various difficulties such as anxiety, stress, depression, burnout, perinatal mental health, relationship difficulties and bereavement.
I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist offering a compassionate and confidential space for you to be listened to, and where we can explore your thoughts, emotions, experiences and any challenges you may be facing. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with individuals who seek a deeper understanding of themselves or require support in navigating various difficulties such as anxiety, stress, depression, burnout, perinatal mental health, relationship difficulties and bereavement.
020 3856 8377 View 020 3856 8377
Photo of Zuzana Skrinarova, BPC, Psychotherapist
Zuzana Skrinarova
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC4N
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist working with adults with a wide range of psychological and emotional issues. My experience includes working with depression, anxiety, addiction, and eating disorders. I provide a safe and confidential space where we can explore your concerns or difficulties. Together we can think what might be lurking underneath, unexpressed. These can be feelings of disappointment, mistrust, exclusion, anger, grief, confusion, or a general unease, low self-esteem, or low mood. At times you may feel stuck or dissatisfied and not know exactly why.
I am a psychodynamic psychotherapist working with adults with a wide range of psychological and emotional issues. My experience includes working with depression, anxiety, addiction, and eating disorders. I provide a safe and confidential space where we can explore your concerns or difficulties. Together we can think what might be lurking underneath, unexpressed. These can be feelings of disappointment, mistrust, exclusion, anger, grief, confusion, or a general unease, low self-esteem, or low mood. At times you may feel stuck or dissatisfied and not know exactly why.
020 8138 9192 View 020 8138 9192
Photo of Gareth Willett, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Gareth Willett
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC2M  (Online Only)
I'm a Self-Discovery Success Coach (Certified ICF Neuroscience-based Results Coach and Accredited BABCP Cognitive Behavioural Therapist), and I help soul-seeking professionals to stop running away from their demons of 'failure' and 'not good enough', and to re-discover their freedom, fulfillment and potential so that they can start working, and living, with more presence, power and purpose, without the constant self-doubt and self-sabotage getting in the way.
I'm a Self-Discovery Success Coach (Certified ICF Neuroscience-based Results Coach and Accredited BABCP Cognitive Behavioural Therapist), and I help soul-seeking professionals to stop running away from their demons of 'failure' and 'not good enough', and to re-discover their freedom, fulfillment and potential so that they can start working, and living, with more presence, power and purpose, without the constant self-doubt and self-sabotage getting in the way.
020 3962 1622 View 020 3962 1622
Photo of Owen Johnson-Stewart, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Owen Johnson-Stewart
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC2M  (Online Only)
My counselling approach is adapted to your needs drawing from Person-Centred and Psychodynamic training principles. I integrate a range of techniques including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Brief Psychodynamic and Cognitive Analytical Therapies. The core of my work is based on empathy and a genuine desire to support you on your journey.
My counselling approach is adapted to your needs drawing from Person-Centred and Psychodynamic training principles. I integrate a range of techniques including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Brief Psychodynamic and Cognitive Analytical Therapies. The core of my work is based on empathy and a genuine desire to support you on your journey.
020 4538 6213 View 020 4538 6213
Photo of Elizabeth Anne Dunn, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Elizabeth Anne Dunn
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City of London, London EC1A
There are many reasons for seeking therapy and it is a big step to ask for help. Sometimes it is about coming to terms with a life event such as a relationship breakdown or a bereavement, sometimes long standing feelings of anxiety, depression or plain unhappiness and sometimes a general sense that things are not right. The thoughts, feelings and behaviours which are causing difficulties in your daily life are likely to have their origins in the past, in patterns set up in early relationships which are no longer helpful. Working together, we can begin to make sense of your experience freeing you to live a better life.
There are many reasons for seeking therapy and it is a big step to ask for help. Sometimes it is about coming to terms with a life event such as a relationship breakdown or a bereavement, sometimes long standing feelings of anxiety, depression or plain unhappiness and sometimes a general sense that things are not right. The thoughts, feelings and behaviours which are causing difficulties in your daily life are likely to have their origins in the past, in patterns set up in early relationships which are no longer helpful. Working together, we can begin to make sense of your experience freeing you to live a better life.
020 4538 7760 View 020 4538 7760
Photo of Nadja Abia, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Nadja Abia
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
City of London, London SE1
Starting therapy can feel like a big step, and I want to make this experience as welcoming and supportive as possible. Whether you're dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship challenges, or simply seeking personal growth, my integrative approach blends different therapeutic approaches to suits your aims and goals. We’ll start by discussing what’s on your mind so that you can begin to explore your thoughts and feelings, gain insights, and develop effective strategies for positive change. Together, we'll work to understand your experiences, build on your strengths, and navigate any obstacles collaboratively.
Starting therapy can feel like a big step, and I want to make this experience as welcoming and supportive as possible. Whether you're dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship challenges, or simply seeking personal growth, my integrative approach blends different therapeutic approaches to suits your aims and goals. We’ll start by discussing what’s on your mind so that you can begin to explore your thoughts and feelings, gain insights, and develop effective strategies for positive change. Together, we'll work to understand your experiences, build on your strengths, and navigate any obstacles collaboratively.
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Photo of Marek Julian Mironski, MA, COSRT Accred, Psychotherapist
Marek Julian Mironski
Psychotherapist, MA, COSRT Accred
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
City of London, London SE1  (Online Only)
Psychosexual therapy is a form of talking therapy that helps you to understand, manage and overcome any sex related difficulties you may have been experiencing. Those difficulties can arise through physical, psychological, emotional and situational aspects affecting our sexual wellbeing. I offer therapy to individuals and couples who might experience difficulties such as: •Erectile dysfunction •Rapid and delayed ejaculation •Painful sex •Sexual health issues (HIV; herpes or anxiety)•Issues relating to intimacy, sexuality and Chem Sex •Low libido •Inability to orgasm• Relationship issues •Compulsive sexual behaviours and more.
Psychosexual therapy is a form of talking therapy that helps you to understand, manage and overcome any sex related difficulties you may have been experiencing. Those difficulties can arise through physical, psychological, emotional and situational aspects affecting our sexual wellbeing. I offer therapy to individuals and couples who might experience difficulties such as: •Erectile dysfunction •Rapid and delayed ejaculation •Painful sex •Sexual health issues (HIV; herpes or anxiety)•Issues relating to intimacy, sexuality and Chem Sex •Low libido •Inability to orgasm• Relationship issues •Compulsive sexual behaviours and more.
020 3872 2506 View 020 3872 2506
Photo of Valentina de Rogatis, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Valentina de Rogatis
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
City of London, London EC2N  (Online Only)
Are you feeling down, anxious, stressed or simply overwhelmed by life events? Are you struggling with your health? I am here to help! I have worked for over 10 years in the NHS providing psychological support and I am passionate about wellbeing and the mind-body connection. I will help you by: -Providing a safe space to reflect and get in touch with your emotions. -Bringing out your strengths. -Developing new coping skills. -Supporting you setting new goals and planning for the future. -Finding long-term solutions and avoiding short- term fixes. -Developing resilience (to bounce back from adversity and lead a fulfilling life).
Are you feeling down, anxious, stressed or simply overwhelmed by life events? Are you struggling with your health? I am here to help! I have worked for over 10 years in the NHS providing psychological support and I am passionate about wellbeing and the mind-body connection. I will help you by: -Providing a safe space to reflect and get in touch with your emotions. -Bringing out your strengths. -Developing new coping skills. -Supporting you setting new goals and planning for the future. -Finding long-term solutions and avoiding short- term fixes. -Developing resilience (to bounce back from adversity and lead a fulfilling life).
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Photo of Nicola Birago, BACP, Counsellor
Nicola Birago
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC4R
Do you feel unheard, undervalued or stuck in life? Do you find it hard to express yourself or do you feel no one understands you? I am passionate about supporting client to have a voice, to be heard and to feel valued. I am passionate about supporting clients to develop confidence and self esteem which in turn promotes self care. I am also passionate about working with individuals with different attachment styles and overcoming childhood trauma. As adults, despite early life and childhood experiences, i believe individuals can work towards building secure attachments in their adult relationships and healing from childhood trauma.
Do you feel unheard, undervalued or stuck in life? Do you find it hard to express yourself or do you feel no one understands you? I am passionate about supporting client to have a voice, to be heard and to feel valued. I am passionate about supporting clients to develop confidence and self esteem which in turn promotes self care. I am also passionate about working with individuals with different attachment styles and overcoming childhood trauma. As adults, despite early life and childhood experiences, i believe individuals can work towards building secure attachments in their adult relationships and healing from childhood trauma.
07480 779853 View 07480 779853
Photo of Zeynep Mikeli, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Zeynep Mikeli
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
City of London, London EC2M
People contact me for various reasons, including anxiety, panic attacks, work-related stress or burnout, depression, relationship difficulties or break-ups, trauma, abuse, emotional distress, or bereavement. You might be experiencing low self-esteem, social anxiety, difficulties following a trauma, phobias or life changes. Benefits You Can Expect: Reduced Anxiety: Improved ability to manage and reduce anxiety symptoms, leading to a calmer and more balanced life. •Enhanced Coping Skills: Better equipped to handle stress and anxiety-provoking situations. •Healthier Relationships.
People contact me for various reasons, including anxiety, panic attacks, work-related stress or burnout, depression, relationship difficulties or break-ups, trauma, abuse, emotional distress, or bereavement. You might be experiencing low self-esteem, social anxiety, difficulties following a trauma, phobias or life changes. Benefits You Can Expect: Reduced Anxiety: Improved ability to manage and reduce anxiety symptoms, leading to a calmer and more balanced life. •Enhanced Coping Skills: Better equipped to handle stress and anxiety-provoking situations. •Healthier Relationships.
01708 988783 View 01708 988783
Photo of Despina Scutari, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Despina Scutari
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC3N
I am a fully qualified and experienced psychodynamic psychotherapist, registered with the UKCP and BACP. I have many years experience of one-to-one therapeutic work and have completed a rigorous five year postgraduate training/qualification course at WPF therapy, one of the most respected centres for psychodynamic psychotherapy in the UK.
I am a fully qualified and experienced psychodynamic psychotherapist, registered with the UKCP and BACP. I have many years experience of one-to-one therapeutic work and have completed a rigorous five year postgraduate training/qualification course at WPF therapy, one of the most respected centres for psychodynamic psychotherapy in the UK.
07471 162267 View 07471 162267
Photo of Shirin Shams, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Shirin Shams
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC4N
I understand that you invest your time, money and energy into therapy; and I want you to get the most from this investment in Yourself. I offer an integrated therapeutic approach that is tailored to your needs. By using evidence-based strategies scientifically proven to be effective in therapy I can support you in better understanding experiences that may have shaped you, but also in creating change in behaviours or thinking patterns that do not serve you.
I understand that you invest your time, money and energy into therapy; and I want you to get the most from this investment in Yourself. I offer an integrated therapeutic approach that is tailored to your needs. By using evidence-based strategies scientifically proven to be effective in therapy I can support you in better understanding experiences that may have shaped you, but also in creating change in behaviours or thinking patterns that do not serve you.
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Photo of Raluca Ursica, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Raluca Ursica
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City of London, London EC2V
Hello, I understand that taking the first step towards seeking therapy can be daunting, but please know that it's also a courageous and empowering decision. Whether you're navigating a specific challenge or seeking profound, long-term change, the decision to talk is a transformative experience. My approach as a therapist is rooted in compassion, empathy, and empowerment. I believe in equipping you with the skills to find a profound sense of inner balance, tapping into the rich resources within you—body, spirit, mind, and emotion.
Hello, I understand that taking the first step towards seeking therapy can be daunting, but please know that it's also a courageous and empowering decision. Whether you're navigating a specific challenge or seeking profound, long-term change, the decision to talk is a transformative experience. My approach as a therapist is rooted in compassion, empathy, and empowerment. I believe in equipping you with the skills to find a profound sense of inner balance, tapping into the rich resources within you—body, spirit, mind, and emotion.
020 3319 6334 View 020 3319 6334
Photo of Viviana Meloni, CPsychol, Psychologist
Viviana Meloni
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC2M  (Online Only)
I am a multilingual Chartered Principal Counselling Psychologist (English, Italian and Spanish speaking) recognised by the professional bodies Health and Care Professions Council and British Psychology Society, currently offering online therapy which consistently shows itself to be as effective as traditional therapy. With over 15 years’ experience, I provide a range of evidence based psychological therapies in line with NICE recommendations guarantying a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space.
I am a multilingual Chartered Principal Counselling Psychologist (English, Italian and Spanish speaking) recognised by the professional bodies Health and Care Professions Council and British Psychology Society, currently offering online therapy which consistently shows itself to be as effective as traditional therapy. With over 15 years’ experience, I provide a range of evidence based psychological therapies in line with NICE recommendations guarantying a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space.
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Photo of Bev Reid, MA, BPC, Psychotherapist
Bev Reid
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC4R
Working in the heart of the City of London (EC4R) I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist with a wealth of experience working with people who at times feel stuck and need help and understanding to navigate issues such as anxiety, depression, burn out, addiction, bereavement and relationship problems.
Working in the heart of the City of London (EC4R) I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist with a wealth of experience working with people who at times feel stuck and need help and understanding to navigate issues such as anxiety, depression, burn out, addiction, bereavement and relationship problems.
020 3838 0635 View 020 3838 0635
Photo of Smita Melling - Smita Melling, HCPC, MBACP, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Smita Melling, HCPC, MBACP
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC4M
Smita Melling provides high-quality, confidential, ethical, and empathy-driven counseling services to reach solution-focused outcomes in a non-judgmental and non-advisory setting.
Smita Melling provides high-quality, confidential, ethical, and empathy-driven counseling services to reach solution-focused outcomes in a non-judgmental and non-advisory setting.
020 3095 7135 View 020 3095 7135
Photo of Nicola Kerr, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Nicola Kerr
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City of London, London WC1V
You may be feeling anxious, depressed, low, or worried about certain aspects of your life. Whatever it is that is currently troubling you, if it has reached the point at which it is affecting the quality of your daily life, then therapy can be the first step to understanding some of these difficulties and challenges. I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy from a relational perspective, with two options.
You may be feeling anxious, depressed, low, or worried about certain aspects of your life. Whatever it is that is currently troubling you, if it has reached the point at which it is affecting the quality of your daily life, then therapy can be the first step to understanding some of these difficulties and challenges. I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy from a relational perspective, with two options.
020 3984 7783 View 020 3984 7783
Photo of Sophie Dilley, DCounsPsych, CPsychol, Psychologist
Sophie Dilley
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC1A  (Online Only)
I am a qualified and experienced Chartered Counselling Psychologist. I work with individuals (18 and older) and relationships across the lifespan. I offer both short and longer term therapy. I use an integrative approach that focuses on developing a strong therapeutic relationship and working relationally with the issues you may bring. I hope to offer a space to explore any dimension of human distress you may be holding. For example, you may be struggling with sexual difficulties, experiencing challenges with communication, feeling alone, dealing with shame or a critical inner voice.
I am a qualified and experienced Chartered Counselling Psychologist. I work with individuals (18 and older) and relationships across the lifespan. I offer both short and longer term therapy. I use an integrative approach that focuses on developing a strong therapeutic relationship and working relationally with the issues you may bring. I hope to offer a space to explore any dimension of human distress you may be holding. For example, you may be struggling with sexual difficulties, experiencing challenges with communication, feeling alone, dealing with shame or a critical inner voice.
020 4538 2037 View 020 4538 2037
Photo of Jacqueline Mitchell, MBACP, Counsellor
Jacqueline Mitchell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City of London, London E1
I see the whole person not just the client. I am a qualified Counsellor with 25+ years experience as a body worker/ clinical massage therapist, valuing our interconnectedness of physical and mental health. Are you feeling stuck, isolated or lost? Struggling with anxiety, depression, grief , pain, health / work or relationship issues or any challenges in life? Feeling overwhelmed, disconnected , stressed and unseen caught on a emotional roller coaster? I wish to support you in a genuine caring compassionate way to find understanding, direction, meaning and fulfilment in life again. You are not alone. Let me know how can I help you?
I see the whole person not just the client. I am a qualified Counsellor with 25+ years experience as a body worker/ clinical massage therapist, valuing our interconnectedness of physical and mental health. Are you feeling stuck, isolated or lost? Struggling with anxiety, depression, grief , pain, health / work or relationship issues or any challenges in life? Feeling overwhelmed, disconnected , stressed and unseen caught on a emotional roller coaster? I wish to support you in a genuine caring compassionate way to find understanding, direction, meaning and fulfilment in life again. You are not alone. Let me know how can I help you?
020 3835 3946 View 020 3835 3946
Photo of Shamiso Mazaiwana, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Shamiso Mazaiwana
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
City of London, London EC1Y  (Online Only)
***I currently have 4 low cost spaces available from January for students. Please contact me directly for more information.*** I provide counselling and support people who experience mental challenges both face to face and through telephone counselling. I have worked with and supported clients experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, bereavement and loss, relationship issues, pregnancy issues/complications, hoarding disorder, and OCD. I provide CBT, Humanistic, Integrative, Person-centered, Psychodynamic, Relational.
***I currently have 4 low cost spaces available from January for students. Please contact me directly for more information.*** I provide counselling and support people who experience mental challenges both face to face and through telephone counselling. I have worked with and supported clients experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, bereavement and loss, relationship issues, pregnancy issues/complications, hoarding disorder, and OCD. I provide CBT, Humanistic, Integrative, Person-centered, Psychodynamic, Relational.
020 4538 7954 View 020 4538 7954
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See more therapy options for City of London, London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in City of London, London

600+

Average cost per session

£80

Counsellors in City of London, London who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
89% Relationship Issues
88% Self Esteem
83% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aviva
70% AXA PPP
65% Vitality

How Counsellors in City of London, London see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
28% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in City of London, London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.

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