Photo of Jessica Cook, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessica Cook
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Jessica, a therapist specializing in couples and families. My mission is to support you in creating healthier relationships and overcoming life's challenges in a safe and compassionate environment. Have you experienced a recent betrayal or rupture in trust? Healing begins when we decide to start talking about it.
Hi, I'm Jessica, a therapist specializing in couples and families. My mission is to support you in creating healthier relationships and overcoming life's challenges in a safe and compassionate environment. Have you experienced a recent betrayal or rupture in trust? Healing begins when we decide to start talking about it.
(484) 291-3165 View (484) 291-3165
Photo of Sabina Dominga Williamson, MS, LPC, LAC, NCC, Counselor
Sabina Dominga Williamson
Counselor, MS, LPC, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Welcome! Your courage to work towards a better you is commendable. When starting out in therapy, our focus will be on developing a therapeutic relationship based on trust. I approach sessions with empathy and compassion in a nonjudgmental space where you may ask yourself, "What do I want from this experience?" I can support you through addressing current/past hurt and be present with you as emotions come up. I will be with you as you explore the internalized narratives that influence your functioning and wellbeing. I believe therapy should be an empowering process, in which your strengths are highlighted.
Welcome! Your courage to work towards a better you is commendable. When starting out in therapy, our focus will be on developing a therapeutic relationship based on trust. I approach sessions with empathy and compassion in a nonjudgmental space where you may ask yourself, "What do I want from this experience?" I can support you through addressing current/past hurt and be present with you as emotions come up. I will be with you as you explore the internalized narratives that influence your functioning and wellbeing. I believe therapy should be an empowering process, in which your strengths are highlighted.
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Photo of Lee A. Bowers, PhD, Psychologist
Lee A. Bowers
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085
Are you anxious, depressed, maybe diagnosed with a serious illness? Are you losing sleep, in pain, scared, not knowing who to talk to? Maybe you’re confused about information your doctor or friends are giving you. I’d like to help. Would you like to find natural ways to reduce your physical and/or emotional symptoms, or bolster your immune system without interfering with what you and your health team are already doing? I work with people who have emotional or physical health concerns: anxiety, depression, relationship problems, cancer, autoimmune disorders, heart disease, and chronic pain.
Are you anxious, depressed, maybe diagnosed with a serious illness? Are you losing sleep, in pain, scared, not knowing who to talk to? Maybe you’re confused about information your doctor or friends are giving you. I’d like to help. Would you like to find natural ways to reduce your physical and/or emotional symptoms, or bolster your immune system without interfering with what you and your health team are already doing? I work with people who have emotional or physical health concerns: anxiety, depression, relationship problems, cancer, autoimmune disorders, heart disease, and chronic pain.
(610) 915-8074 View (610) 915-8074
Photo of Dawn DeBracco, PsyD, Psychologist
Dawn DeBracco
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085
When despite all that may feel out of your control, it’s empowering when you recognize there are things that you can do to make your life better. I want others to learn about themselves and what they are capable of is more than they believe. I begin this process by assessing all factors in a person’s life that be contributing to their overall health and distress. Therefore, my approach to treatment is fluid, dependent upon the issue, what is driving the issue (function/underlying factors) and which evidence-based treatment best fits the needs of the person.
When despite all that may feel out of your control, it’s empowering when you recognize there are things that you can do to make your life better. I want others to learn about themselves and what they are capable of is more than they believe. I begin this process by assessing all factors in a person’s life that be contributing to their overall health and distress. Therefore, my approach to treatment is fluid, dependent upon the issue, what is driving the issue (function/underlying factors) and which evidence-based treatment best fits the needs of the person.
(484) 573-6530 View (484) 573-6530
Photo of Sari Goldman - Goldman Psychological Services, PsyD, LCSW, Psychologist
Goldman Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Villanova, PA 19085
Children, teenagers, and adults all want to feel in charge of their own lives; I believe in fostering your personal growth and change despite any obstacles you might encounter. As humans, we strive to feel capable, considered, content, centered, and connected to others. I will help you realize your inherent strengths; such as, encouraging parents to feel competent in their parenting strategies; guiding children and teens to respect and understand their parents’ values and expectations; bridging gaps in communication between couples and family members; and challenging you or your child to take new, manageable risks in your life.
Children, teenagers, and adults all want to feel in charge of their own lives; I believe in fostering your personal growth and change despite any obstacles you might encounter. As humans, we strive to feel capable, considered, content, centered, and connected to others. I will help you realize your inherent strengths; such as, encouraging parents to feel competent in their parenting strategies; guiding children and teens to respect and understand their parents’ values and expectations; bridging gaps in communication between couples and family members; and challenging you or your child to take new, manageable risks in your life.
(215) 798-7011 View (215) 798-7011
Photo of Julie Present Koller, PhD, Psychologist
Julie Present Koller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085
It has been a privilege and continues to be a privilege to provide therapy to such diverse, curious, and brave individuals who seek out treatment for growth, recovery, healing, greater self-awareness, the desire for deeper relationships and intimacy, and change. Bearing witness to the pain, resiliency, and bravery of my patients is humbling, challenging, and highly rewarding work. I look forward to meeting you where you are and utilizing a flexible and integrative approach to treatment to help you on your journey to live with more meaning, vitality, and creativity, along with reductions in symptoms and emotional pain.
It has been a privilege and continues to be a privilege to provide therapy to such diverse, curious, and brave individuals who seek out treatment for growth, recovery, healing, greater self-awareness, the desire for deeper relationships and intimacy, and change. Bearing witness to the pain, resiliency, and bravery of my patients is humbling, challenging, and highly rewarding work. I look forward to meeting you where you are and utilizing a flexible and integrative approach to treatment to help you on your journey to live with more meaning, vitality, and creativity, along with reductions in symptoms and emotional pain.
(484) 282-7175 View (484) 282-7175
Photo of Joseph Wall, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joseph Wall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Hi I am Joseph Wall, I am a LPC ( Licensed Professional Counselor) in PA and VA as well as a LMFT ( Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist) In Virginia .
Hi I am Joseph Wall, I am a LPC ( Licensed Professional Counselor) in PA and VA as well as a LMFT ( Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist) In Virginia .
(484) 310-7033 View (484) 310-7033
Photo of Becca Starr, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Becca Starr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Through years of experience, I am happy to offer a safe, compassionate, gentle environment in which to work through anxiety, depression, and all aspects of your mental health. I am here to support you, without judgment, as you build boundaries and empower yourself along your healing journey. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, maternal mental health (postpartum support), and all aspects of adult mental health and wellness. I specialize in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and structured problem solving, focusing on individuals, couples & groups.
Through years of experience, I am happy to offer a safe, compassionate, gentle environment in which to work through anxiety, depression, and all aspects of your mental health. I am here to support you, without judgment, as you build boundaries and empower yourself along your healing journey. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, maternal mental health (postpartum support), and all aspects of adult mental health and wellness. I specialize in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and structured problem solving, focusing on individuals, couples & groups.
(610) 894-7482 View (610) 894-7482
Photo of Galeet (Gollan) Farrow Spiritual Development, MA, LPC, ACS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Galeet (Gollan) Farrow Spiritual Development
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Hi and thanks for looking at my profile! What is different about my work is that I help people explore their struggles from a spiritual perspective. As humans we have an essential need to understand the meaning of the difficult experiences we’ve had, doing so can help release pain and shift our entire life perspective. Everyone can raise their consciousness which brings greater love, hope, joy and peace. You do not need to be stuck in negative symptoms. The best therapist is the one you feel most comfortable with, research says this is the most important factor, so trust your gut! Now offering Ketamine-Assisted Therapy!
Hi and thanks for looking at my profile! What is different about my work is that I help people explore their struggles from a spiritual perspective. As humans we have an essential need to understand the meaning of the difficult experiences we’ve had, doing so can help release pain and shift our entire life perspective. Everyone can raise their consciousness which brings greater love, hope, joy and peace. You do not need to be stuck in negative symptoms. The best therapist is the one you feel most comfortable with, research says this is the most important factor, so trust your gut! Now offering Ketamine-Assisted Therapy!
(215) 515-9749 View (215) 515-9749
Photo of Terence Tsien Li Yee, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Terence Tsien Li Yee
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Some people think that seeking psychological support or help indicates a weakness in character. In truth, it takes much courage to seek help! It is completely normal to seek help in our life's journey as we may face unexpected obstacles, challenges, and traumatic experiences. When we are faced with such experiences, we may feel stuck, frustrated, exhausted, and discouraged. In our work together, I strive to listen empathically, be attuned to your emotions, and provide encouragement to life's challenges. At opportune moments, I may provide psychoeducation and research findings to complement the counseling process.
Some people think that seeking psychological support or help indicates a weakness in character. In truth, it takes much courage to seek help! It is completely normal to seek help in our life's journey as we may face unexpected obstacles, challenges, and traumatic experiences. When we are faced with such experiences, we may feel stuck, frustrated, exhausted, and discouraged. In our work together, I strive to listen empathically, be attuned to your emotions, and provide encouragement to life's challenges. At opportune moments, I may provide psychoeducation and research findings to complement the counseling process.
(610) 595-9038 View (610) 595-9038
Photo of Donna Toro - Complete Mind Care LLC , PsyD, Psychologist
Complete Mind Care LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085
Dr. Toro’s approach is client-centered, emphasizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address a range of issues. She focuses on creating a welcoming, kind, and attentive therapeutic environment that fosters emotional safety, allowing clients to openly share their concerns. By listening intently and validating emotions, she works collaboratively with clients to build treatment plans that respect their cultural values and achieve their personal goals. Her practice is dedicated to helping clients increase their self-reflection and develop healthier coping mechanisms for life’s challenges.
Dr. Toro’s approach is client-centered, emphasizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address a range of issues. She focuses on creating a welcoming, kind, and attentive therapeutic environment that fosters emotional safety, allowing clients to openly share their concerns. By listening intently and validating emotions, she works collaboratively with clients to build treatment plans that respect their cultural values and achieve their personal goals. Her practice is dedicated to helping clients increase their self-reflection and develop healthier coping mechanisms for life’s challenges.
(484) 265-9165 View (484) 265-9165
Photo of Candace Stevens, Licensed Professional Counselor
Candace Stevens
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Villanova, PA 19085
You deserve to find clarity, healing, and growth. You deserve to be seen and heard when you are struggling. Sometimes, we all need a little help on our path to feeling better and creating the life that we want. Healing is a collaborative process; my role is to help you recognize and shift out of patterns that stagnate your growth and keep you from harnessing your potential in the present moment. In sessions, we explore internally and externally; getting to know ourselves more deeply so we can more effectively cultivate that we want in life.
You deserve to find clarity, healing, and growth. You deserve to be seen and heard when you are struggling. Sometimes, we all need a little help on our path to feeling better and creating the life that we want. Healing is a collaborative process; my role is to help you recognize and shift out of patterns that stagnate your growth and keep you from harnessing your potential in the present moment. In sessions, we explore internally and externally; getting to know ourselves more deeply so we can more effectively cultivate that we want in life.
(215) 770-1434 View (215) 770-1434
Photo of David Derian - David Derian: Psychotherapy, CBT, Therapy, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
David Derian: Psychotherapy, CBT
Licensed Professional Counselor, Therapy, LPC
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Trauma can create a disconnection from the self, making us unaware of unconscious influences that affect our interactions, relationships, and family dynamics. The goal of therapy is to help you reconnect with the truth of who you are, becoming more aware, present, and authentic, which can lead to profound transformation. I am here to support you with compassion and understanding. I aim to reflect and honor your true self, believing in your ability to heal and trusting that you are the expert of your own life. My role is to support and witness the unfolding of your unique journey.
Trauma can create a disconnection from the self, making us unaware of unconscious influences that affect our interactions, relationships, and family dynamics. The goal of therapy is to help you reconnect with the truth of who you are, becoming more aware, present, and authentic, which can lead to profound transformation. I am here to support you with compassion and understanding. I aim to reflect and honor your true self, believing in your ability to heal and trusting that you are the expert of your own life. My role is to support and witness the unfolding of your unique journey.
(484) 799-7856 View (484) 799-7856
Photo of Lyn Groome, MS, MSEd, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lyn Groome
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MSEd
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085
I have worked with adult couples and individuals for 30 years. We all operate in many worlds, both internal and external, and can easily become confused and distressed. It is privileged work to join with people in helping them in their efforts to sort their lives out. I have a home office in Villanova PA, and work with a sliding scale fee.
I have worked with adult couples and individuals for 30 years. We all operate in many worlds, both internal and external, and can easily become confused and distressed. It is privileged work to join with people in helping them in their efforts to sort their lives out. I have a home office in Villanova PA, and work with a sliding scale fee.
(610) 306-4204 View (610) 306-4204
Photo of Ali Hittman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ali Hittman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Villanova, PA 19085
I strive to provide therapy that helps my clients to feel both cared for and supported. Whether it be the dissolution of a marriage, the birth of a child, or a difficult interpersonal relationship, together we will work to understand your experience of these major life transitions. We will explore your values, what you hope to gain from therapy, and how you see your life becoming more fulfilling.
I strive to provide therapy that helps my clients to feel both cared for and supported. Whether it be the dissolution of a marriage, the birth of a child, or a difficult interpersonal relationship, together we will work to understand your experience of these major life transitions. We will explore your values, what you hope to gain from therapy, and how you see your life becoming more fulfilling.
(484) 214-2941 View (484) 214-2941
Photo of Michele Lulewicz - Complete Mind Care  of PA, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Complete Mind Care of PA
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085
My approach to treating is… working off a strength-based philosophy. I look for internal resources and personal strengths that can be pulled from the patient in order to help create empowerment and self-compassion. My approaches are largely emotion centered and relational. I identify individual strengths/areas of resource, challenge disruptive patterns/thought processes, and help replace with skills that acknowledge the rooted pain, while at the same time, encourage stepping outside areas of comfort. I also include sessions for self-exploration, to help clients better understand the whys and how’s of their own internal processes
My approach to treating is… working off a strength-based philosophy. I look for internal resources and personal strengths that can be pulled from the patient in order to help create empowerment and self-compassion. My approaches are largely emotion centered and relational. I identify individual strengths/areas of resource, challenge disruptive patterns/thought processes, and help replace with skills that acknowledge the rooted pain, while at the same time, encourage stepping outside areas of comfort. I also include sessions for self-exploration, to help clients better understand the whys and how’s of their own internal processes
(215) 509-5430 View (215) 509-5430
Photo of Anna Kozitzky, LCPC, LPC
Anna Kozitzky
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
Hi! I offer video appointments to adults in MD and PA. Please email me if you're interested in connecting. We can work together to develop your understanding of yourself and use this wisdom to adjust how you interact with yourself. In turn, this can impact how you interact with various aspects of your life, including other people. While we can set intentions and pursue goals to fit your needs and preferences, it’s also important to me to structure each appointment as much as possible around what is most relevant to you at that given point in time. My primary aim is for you to feel truly seen, understood, and valued as you are.
Hi! I offer video appointments to adults in MD and PA. Please email me if you're interested in connecting. We can work together to develop your understanding of yourself and use this wisdom to adjust how you interact with yourself. In turn, this can impact how you interact with various aspects of your life, including other people. While we can set intentions and pursue goals to fit your needs and preferences, it’s also important to me to structure each appointment as much as possible around what is most relevant to you at that given point in time. My primary aim is for you to feel truly seen, understood, and valued as you are.
(301) 364-9275 View (301) 364-9275
Photo of Jacqueline Siempelkamp, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jacqueline Siempelkamp
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Villanova, PA 19085
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I have experience (and enjoy!) working with clients of all ages. I regularly work with children as young as 4, adolescents, college-age clients, and adults alike. I am equipped to help clients who are experiencing symptoms related to depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, self-esteem, body image, eating habits/behaviors, divorce, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, relationships, behavioral concerns, sexuality and gender exploration (LGBTQIA+), academic or school issues, and phase of life adjustment or transitions.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I have experience (and enjoy!) working with clients of all ages. I regularly work with children as young as 4, adolescents, college-age clients, and adults alike. I am equipped to help clients who are experiencing symptoms related to depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, self-esteem, body image, eating habits/behaviors, divorce, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, relationships, behavioral concerns, sexuality and gender exploration (LGBTQIA+), academic or school issues, and phase of life adjustment or transitions.
(215) 352-4683 View (215) 352-4683
Photo of Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist, Counselor
Heather Shannon | Certified Sex Therapist
Counselor
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
You know how sex can start feeling like one more thing to cross off the "to do" list? It could be that you're not feeling fully understood sexually. Or it could be that there are underlying issues in the relationship that are making you not interested. Either way, you're feeling stuck . . . despite the fact that you've probably been to therapy before and are actually a pretty decent communicator. But not to fear! By helping you figure out what to focus on (it's sometimes surprising!) and in what order, I help people in committed relationships to feel close again and get their passion back
You know how sex can start feeling like one more thing to cross off the "to do" list? It could be that you're not feeling fully understood sexually. Or it could be that there are underlying issues in the relationship that are making you not interested. Either way, you're feeling stuck . . . despite the fact that you've probably been to therapy before and are actually a pretty decent communicator. But not to fear! By helping you figure out what to focus on (it's sometimes surprising!) and in what order, I help people in committed relationships to feel close again and get their passion back
(571) 586-5470 View (571) 586-5470
Photo of Heidi Hemling, MS, LPC, PMH-C, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heidi Hemling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, PMH-C, NCC
Verified Verified
Villanova, PA 19085  (Online Only)
I believe in an integrative approach to counseling; focusing on bio-psycho-social and strengths-based models while seeking to understand clients through a trauma-sensitive lens. I value each client's journey and work to develop a relationship based upon trust and connection.
I believe in an integrative approach to counseling; focusing on bio-psycho-social and strengths-based models while seeking to understand clients through a trauma-sensitive lens. I value each client's journey and work to develop a relationship based upon trust and connection.
(262) 404-3836 View (262) 404-3836

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 19085

100+

Average cost per session

$172

Therapists in 19085 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
92% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
54% Optum
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 19085 see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 19085?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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