Photo of Stephenie Kamaal, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephenie Kamaal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with children, adolescents, young adults, parent/child relationships, families, and adults. I am trauma-informed support gender and religious minorities. I have been in the behavioral health field for several years, including working with adolescents on probation and adults with special needs. I have experience with PTSD, complex trauma, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, perinatal/postpartum mood disorders, and family issues. I have worked with mothers who have experienced postpartum depression in building a healthy relationship with their young child.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with children, adolescents, young adults, parent/child relationships, families, and adults. I am trauma-informed support gender and religious minorities. I have been in the behavioral health field for several years, including working with adolescents on probation and adults with special needs. I have experience with PTSD, complex trauma, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, perinatal/postpartum mood disorders, and family issues. I have worked with mothers who have experienced postpartum depression in building a healthy relationship with their young child.
(520) 412-5387 View (520) 412-5387
Photo of Jody Cummins, LCSW, EMDR, CTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jody Cummins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
I am a certified EMDR Therapist and Certified Trauma Professional. Are you on a journey to add more healing, joy, happiness, connection, or relaxation to your life? Is your life today being impacted by a past event that needs some healing? Therapy can be a great way to mindfully connect to our most genuine selves. In a connected and centered place, we are then able change our relationships: with ourselves, to our past, and also to the world. If that idea brings up curiosity in you, working with a therapist can be a way to start a journey towards positive change. Feel free to call. Let's go on this journey together.
I am a certified EMDR Therapist and Certified Trauma Professional. Are you on a journey to add more healing, joy, happiness, connection, or relaxation to your life? Is your life today being impacted by a past event that needs some healing? Therapy can be a great way to mindfully connect to our most genuine selves. In a connected and centered place, we are then able change our relationships: with ourselves, to our past, and also to the world. If that idea brings up curiosity in you, working with a therapist can be a way to start a journey towards positive change. Feel free to call. Let's go on this journey together.
(520) 214-5012 View (520) 214-5012
Photo of Mary A Belknap, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary A Belknap
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Whether you’ve been living with an eating disorder for years or just a short time, it can often feel like you’re caught in diet culture and facing a battle to find available, qualified support. I’m a therapist dedicated to guiding women and non-binary individuals develop a fresh and achievable path to recovery. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders with co-occurring conditions including anxiety, depression, OCD, substance abuse, chronic health problems, and trauma (both big and small).
Whether you’ve been living with an eating disorder for years or just a short time, it can often feel like you’re caught in diet culture and facing a battle to find available, qualified support. I’m a therapist dedicated to guiding women and non-binary individuals develop a fresh and achievable path to recovery. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders with co-occurring conditions including anxiety, depression, OCD, substance abuse, chronic health problems, and trauma (both big and small).
(520) 525-1836 View (520) 525-1836
Photo of Cara Lillian Love, MS, LASAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Cara Lillian Love
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LASAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
Life can be challenging. My goal as a therapist is to meet my clients where they are and provide a safe space to navigate through their issues together. I specialize in treating substance use and abuse, which in turn leads to the treatment of underlying issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and low-self esteem. By utilizing an individualistic, strength based approach, I help my clients to find positive ways to cope with the challenges of everyday life in ways that work for them. I am empathetic and kind. I bring my clients into a space where they will not be judged or criticized.
Life can be challenging. My goal as a therapist is to meet my clients where they are and provide a safe space to navigate through their issues together. I specialize in treating substance use and abuse, which in turn leads to the treatment of underlying issues such as trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and low-self esteem. By utilizing an individualistic, strength based approach, I help my clients to find positive ways to cope with the challenges of everyday life in ways that work for them. I am empathetic and kind. I bring my clients into a space where they will not be judged or criticized.
(520) 346-7672 View (520) 346-7672
Photo of Sarah Behshad, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Behshad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
Self-exploration is a lifelong process that can be challenging and at times overwhelming. Therapy can help us understand our emotions clearly and move toward creating positive change. My goal is to provide a safe space where you feel comfortable expressing yourself and exploring your needs and values. As a therapist, I prioritize your needs and offer a supportive, trauma-informed, and non-judgmental approach.
Self-exploration is a lifelong process that can be challenging and at times overwhelming. Therapy can help us understand our emotions clearly and move toward creating positive change. My goal is to provide a safe space where you feel comfortable expressing yourself and exploring your needs and values. As a therapist, I prioritize your needs and offer a supportive, trauma-informed, and non-judgmental approach.
(520) 502-7042 View (520) 502-7042
Photo of Tina Buck, PhD, LPC, BCN, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tina Buck
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCN
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Challenged with cumulative stress, anxiety, addictions, or PTS? Perhaps medications are not enough and you want to function better at home, work, & in relationships. Maybe you carry shame/guilt due to behaviors or dysregulated mood and attention and are looking for compassion with direct yet gentle guidance to engage your internal wisdom for self-healing. We all struggle at times in our lives, some times harder than others. Having a seasoned professional counselor, with lived experience, who can listen, authentically empathize, and provide accountability, can help you regain energy, stability, and confidence to do and be your best.
Challenged with cumulative stress, anxiety, addictions, or PTS? Perhaps medications are not enough and you want to function better at home, work, & in relationships. Maybe you carry shame/guilt due to behaviors or dysregulated mood and attention and are looking for compassion with direct yet gentle guidance to engage your internal wisdom for self-healing. We all struggle at times in our lives, some times harder than others. Having a seasoned professional counselor, with lived experience, who can listen, authentically empathize, and provide accountability, can help you regain energy, stability, and confidence to do and be your best.
(520) 842-1811 View (520) 842-1811
Photo of Jacqueline Vidal, MA, LAC, Counselor
Jacqueline Vidal
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Lived experiences are vast and varied and I believe there is profound healing within our ability to embark on honest and compassionate exploration of our unique stories in the name of growth and change. Some of our stories are deeply rooted in generational trauma and suppression of our authentic selves for survival. This can make it difficult to truly know and trust ourselves. I understand how important it is to find the right therapist that can walk with you on your quest for clarity, growth and healing in a way that honors your story, free of shame and judgment.
Lived experiences are vast and varied and I believe there is profound healing within our ability to embark on honest and compassionate exploration of our unique stories in the name of growth and change. Some of our stories are deeply rooted in generational trauma and suppression of our authentic selves for survival. This can make it difficult to truly know and trust ourselves. I understand how important it is to find the right therapist that can walk with you on your quest for clarity, growth and healing in a way that honors your story, free of shame and judgment.
(520) 477-2175 View (520) 477-2175
Photo of Katie Brazaitis, PhD, Psychologist
Katie Brazaitis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! My approach to therapy is rooted in the concept of validation and change. I believe in the role of compassionate understanding of our histories and ourselves to make sense of why we do what we do. When this understanding is coupled with a commitment to growing and healing (a commitment I will help you sustain when the going gets tough!), we are able to make desired changes, and in turn, transform from just getting by to thriving. I work with adults in areas of trauma/PTSD, depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, personality disorders, suicidal ideations, and other concerns.
Welcome! My approach to therapy is rooted in the concept of validation and change. I believe in the role of compassionate understanding of our histories and ourselves to make sense of why we do what we do. When this understanding is coupled with a commitment to growing and healing (a commitment I will help you sustain when the going gets tough!), we are able to make desired changes, and in turn, transform from just getting by to thriving. I work with adults in areas of trauma/PTSD, depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, personality disorders, suicidal ideations, and other concerns.
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Photo of Katie Casanova, LCSW, DBH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Casanova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DBH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Doctor of Behavioral Health with 9 years experience in the field of Social Work. I have experience working in inpatient and outpatient crisis settings with individuals ranging in age from 7-70. I also have extensive experience working with current and past county and state inmates who express concerns including anxiety and/or depression to severe mood disorders. My past experience as a K-12 American Sign Language interpreter involved working with educational teams to enhance mainstream school experience/inclusion for children who were learning to adapt with multiple diagnoses.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Doctor of Behavioral Health with 9 years experience in the field of Social Work. I have experience working in inpatient and outpatient crisis settings with individuals ranging in age from 7-70. I also have extensive experience working with current and past county and state inmates who express concerns including anxiety and/or depression to severe mood disorders. My past experience as a K-12 American Sign Language interpreter involved working with educational teams to enhance mainstream school experience/inclusion for children who were learning to adapt with multiple diagnoses.
(520) 779-7752 View (520) 779-7752
Photo of Adam Cerami, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adam Cerami
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
Are you looking to improve your self-esteem, consider important life decisions, or finally overcome your trauma? I would consider it an honor to accompany you in discovering the truest and most whole version of yourself. While many people are struggling with depression and anxiety from an abundance of stressors, these symptoms do not need to define your life. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to improving mental health because your life is entirely unique. I am excited to build a partnership with you to identify the goals that will improve your quality of life and then pursue them.
Are you looking to improve your self-esteem, consider important life decisions, or finally overcome your trauma? I would consider it an honor to accompany you in discovering the truest and most whole version of yourself. While many people are struggling with depression and anxiety from an abundance of stressors, these symptoms do not need to define your life. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to improving mental health because your life is entirely unique. I am excited to build a partnership with you to identify the goals that will improve your quality of life and then pursue them.
(520) 523-8828 View (520) 523-8828
Photo of Thomas E Cooper, MS, M, Ed, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Thomas E Cooper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, M, Ed, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
InnerSenses (Thomas Cooper) has been providing loving, respectful and compassionate psychotherapy services in the State of Arizona since 1988. Mr. Cooper provides a safe and secure counseling environment that invites individuals to develop their own positive living lifestyle for themselves and those individuals who are associated with them. InnerSenses provides counseling services both in-office as well as teletherapy in Arizona. Mr. Cooper provides individual, couples and family therapies which include such areas as problem gambling, substance disorders, psychiatric disorders (PTSD, depression, anxiety, gender disorders.
InnerSenses (Thomas Cooper) has been providing loving, respectful and compassionate psychotherapy services in the State of Arizona since 1988. Mr. Cooper provides a safe and secure counseling environment that invites individuals to develop their own positive living lifestyle for themselves and those individuals who are associated with them. InnerSenses provides counseling services both in-office as well as teletherapy in Arizona. Mr. Cooper provides individual, couples and family therapies which include such areas as problem gambling, substance disorders, psychiatric disorders (PTSD, depression, anxiety, gender disorders.
(520) 428-1558 View (520) 428-1558
Photo of Britta Homelvig, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Britta Homelvig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Life is messy, beautiful, and full of transitions. Whether you're navigating the loss of a loved one, a breakup, career change, or the day-to-day challenges of life, I'm here to walk with you through the twists and turns.
Life is messy, beautiful, and full of transitions. Whether you're navigating the loss of a loved one, a breakup, career change, or the day-to-day challenges of life, I'm here to walk with you through the twists and turns.
(520) 335-3806 View (520) 335-3806
Photo of Julia Peddy, MA, LPC, CRC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julia Peddy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
You deserve to take time for yourself and figure out how to experience joy and peace everyday. If you are in the midst of a life transition, pregnancy and postpartum, or are experiencing anxiety, life can feel completely overwhelming. There is a lot that comes with different stages of life, the new anxieties, the uncertainty, the intrusive thoughts, the overwhelming stress. And the big question of how to integrate all of the new experiences into your identity without losing yourself. Right now you feel helpless but it doesn't have to stay that way!
You deserve to take time for yourself and figure out how to experience joy and peace everyday. If you are in the midst of a life transition, pregnancy and postpartum, or are experiencing anxiety, life can feel completely overwhelming. There is a lot that comes with different stages of life, the new anxieties, the uncertainty, the intrusive thoughts, the overwhelming stress. And the big question of how to integrate all of the new experiences into your identity without losing yourself. Right now you feel helpless but it doesn't have to stay that way!
(520) 650-5739 View (520) 650-5739
Photo of Sarah Allyson Shipp, LMSW
Sarah Allyson Shipp
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy starts with creating a safe and supportive space where we can build a strong connection. For many of your challenges, I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help you understand and change your thought patterns. When it comes to family conflict, parenting, and self-esteem, I draw from Arbinger and Adlerian philosophies to improve relationships and foster personal growth. For self-harming and stress, we’ll work together to develop effective coping strategies and restore balance in your life. My goal is to support you in finding self-love, connection, and practical solutions to enhance your well-being.
My approach to therapy starts with creating a safe and supportive space where we can build a strong connection. For many of your challenges, I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help you understand and change your thought patterns. When it comes to family conflict, parenting, and self-esteem, I draw from Arbinger and Adlerian philosophies to improve relationships and foster personal growth. For self-harming and stress, we’ll work together to develop effective coping strategies and restore balance in your life. My goal is to support you in finding self-love, connection, and practical solutions to enhance your well-being.
(520) 650-9294 View (520) 650-9294
Photo of Laurel Alexander, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laurel Alexander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide compassionate and non-judgemental therapy for teens and adults. I take a neuroscience-informed approach to therapy in order to best treat trauma, depression, anxiety, and other issues which live in the body. Using a neuroscience-informed approach allows me to help you understand what you're experiencing and provide you with the skills and tools to address your concerns. My clients can expect to feel safe, respected and take an active role in their treatment.
I provide compassionate and non-judgemental therapy for teens and adults. I take a neuroscience-informed approach to therapy in order to best treat trauma, depression, anxiety, and other issues which live in the body. Using a neuroscience-informed approach allows me to help you understand what you're experiencing and provide you with the skills and tools to address your concerns. My clients can expect to feel safe, respected and take an active role in their treatment.
(520) 375-2768 View (520) 375-2768
Photo of Amanda L Manzer, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda L Manzer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
With a deep-seated belief that human connection is both essential for survival and instrumental in achieving personal growth, I have dedicated my career to understanding and fostering this connection through my specialization in Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP), attachment theory, existentialism, and a multisystemic approach, particularly when working with children. My journey in the field of mental health has been fueled by an innate curiosity about the human experience, leading me to the profound realization that people need people to not only survive but to truly thrive.
With a deep-seated belief that human connection is both essential for survival and instrumental in achieving personal growth, I have dedicated my career to understanding and fostering this connection through my specialization in Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (AEDP), attachment theory, existentialism, and a multisystemic approach, particularly when working with children. My journey in the field of mental health has been fueled by an innate curiosity about the human experience, leading me to the profound realization that people need people to not only survive but to truly thrive.
(585) 632-4945 View (585) 632-4945
Photo of Greg J Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Greg J Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking for the power to heal yourself and explore new ways of being? Often, we need some guidance to learn how to do that with a little help. If you are stalled in your hopes or frozen in fear, if your life feels drained of its essence, and if your state-of-being continues to spiral downward, your very being can become filled with anxiety, depression, leading to hopelessness and despair. My therapeutic foundation empowers you to recognize your blocks, provides you a safe place to regain your lost power, and offers a new perspective to change the course of your life.
Are you looking for the power to heal yourself and explore new ways of being? Often, we need some guidance to learn how to do that with a little help. If you are stalled in your hopes or frozen in fear, if your life feels drained of its essence, and if your state-of-being continues to spiral downward, your very being can become filled with anxiety, depression, leading to hopelessness and despair. My therapeutic foundation empowers you to recognize your blocks, provides you a safe place to regain your lost power, and offers a new perspective to change the course of your life.
(520) 356-4975 View (520) 356-4975
Photo of Drew Mark Watley, PhD, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Drew Mark Watley
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Not Verified Not Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
Great job in beginning a journey toward fulfillment! I am Dr. Drew Watley and I am a licensed professional counselor in Arizona. The best way to get in contact with me is by clicking the "My Website" link which will bring you to my telehealth platform provided by Sondermind.com. I work with clients of many different ages and backgrounds with varying concerns through a teletherapy practice which provides for greater flexibility and outreach. I specialize with clients who are members of the LGBTQ community, men's issues, and adolescents. Let's talk to see if we can build a healthy and positive therapeutic relationship together.
Great job in beginning a journey toward fulfillment! I am Dr. Drew Watley and I am a licensed professional counselor in Arizona. The best way to get in contact with me is by clicking the "My Website" link which will bring you to my telehealth platform provided by Sondermind.com. I work with clients of many different ages and backgrounds with varying concerns through a teletherapy practice which provides for greater flexibility and outreach. I specialize with clients who are members of the LGBTQ community, men's issues, and adolescents. Let's talk to see if we can build a healthy and positive therapeutic relationship together.
(520) 231-7255 View (520) 231-7255
Photo of Janine Fiordirosa, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janine Fiordirosa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
Over the past twelve years I have had experience providing counseling services to individuals of all backgrounds in various settings within the community including foster care settings, outpatient treatment centers, collaborative care, and the school environment.
Over the past twelve years I have had experience providing counseling services to individuals of all backgrounds in various settings within the community including foster care settings, outpatient treatment centers, collaborative care, and the school environment.
(520) 214-3528 View (520) 214-3528
Kacey Chandler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
I support children, adolescents, adults and families affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other social communication disorders. I conduct comprehensive evaluations of ASD, consult with families on home, school and community challenges, provide individual therapy and conduct 'Social Thinking' and social communication groups for children, adolescents and adults.
I support children, adolescents, adults and families affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other social communication disorders. I conduct comprehensive evaluations of ASD, consult with families on home, school and community challenges, provide individual therapy and conduct 'Social Thinking' and social communication groups for children, adolescents and adults.
(520) 214-0870 View (520) 214-0870
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85716

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in 85716 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
89% Depression
78% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
69% Relationship Issues
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 85716 see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
14% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85716?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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