Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Nancy K. Kerne, LCSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nancy K. Kerne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Are you standing in the face of uncertainty in your life or career and confused as to how to move forward? Does performance paralysis settle in when considering a risk? Do you lack confidence and avoid social situations? Having lived through Hurricane Katrina, resulting in an abrupt relocation to St. Louis in 2008 (after forty years in Louisiana), I can relate to starting over, the absence of family, and the need for grounding. The Covid pandemic was a reminder of how quickly life can change and the necessity for resources. Cumulative traumatic grief is evident in its aftermath as is the need for trauma specialist care in healing.
Are you standing in the face of uncertainty in your life or career and confused as to how to move forward? Does performance paralysis settle in when considering a risk? Do you lack confidence and avoid social situations? Having lived through Hurricane Katrina, resulting in an abrupt relocation to St. Louis in 2008 (after forty years in Louisiana), I can relate to starting over, the absence of family, and the need for grounding. The Covid pandemic was a reminder of how quickly life can change and the necessity for resources. Cumulative traumatic grief is evident in its aftermath as is the need for trauma specialist care in healing.
(281) 609-3380 View (281) 609-3380
Photo of Scott Heuer, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Scott Heuer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Life is full of experiences that hold a lasting effect on us and deter us from moving forward, but we also have a long list of personal strengths within our “SELF” that too often go unnoticed due to the overwhelm of life in general. I will work with you to identify, and utilize these strengths by processing through past trauma, stress and anxiety, as well as the heaviness of a lack of self-worth. I work with individuals of all identities, but being someone who has personal life experiences with addiction, identifies as LGBTQ and is an adoptive parent, I have developed a special interest in these populations.
Life is full of experiences that hold a lasting effect on us and deter us from moving forward, but we also have a long list of personal strengths within our “SELF” that too often go unnoticed due to the overwhelm of life in general. I will work with you to identify, and utilize these strengths by processing through past trauma, stress and anxiety, as well as the heaviness of a lack of self-worth. I work with individuals of all identities, but being someone who has personal life experiences with addiction, identifies as LGBTQ and is an adoptive parent, I have developed a special interest in these populations.
(314) 328-8731 View (314) 328-8731
Photo of Alice Pierce, MSW, LMSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alice Pierce
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
Do you feel overwhelmed by your life or anxious without knowing exactly why or how to address it? Maybe you worry about what’s next or are stuck in a loop in one of your relationships, repeating the same argument over and over. This could be complicated by ADHD, a life transition, or health challenges. I love helping clients who want to learn about themselves, actively address problems and heal wounds, as well as build skills and develop resilience to create the lives they want. I balance accepting who you are with gently challenging you to grow.
Do you feel overwhelmed by your life or anxious without knowing exactly why or how to address it? Maybe you worry about what’s next or are stuck in a loop in one of your relationships, repeating the same argument over and over. This could be complicated by ADHD, a life transition, or health challenges. I love helping clients who want to learn about themselves, actively address problems and heal wounds, as well as build skills and develop resilience to create the lives they want. I balance accepting who you are with gently challenging you to grow.
(314) 936-4641 View (314) 936-4641
Photo of Taylor Jacks, MA, CIT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Taylor Jacks
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CIT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63129
Life is full of pivotal moments that can attempt to define our stories and our personhood. Unfortunately, it often feels like our most painful encounters seem to have the greatest impact. This can leave us feeling confused, angry, and grieved. Whether you are dealing with struggles in the present, grappling with trials from your past, or just looking for a safe space to process and grow, you are more than the pain you have endured, and healing. is. possible. If this story feels all too familiar for you, I understand, and I am glad you are here.
Life is full of pivotal moments that can attempt to define our stories and our personhood. Unfortunately, it often feels like our most painful encounters seem to have the greatest impact. This can leave us feeling confused, angry, and grieved. Whether you are dealing with struggles in the present, grappling with trials from your past, or just looking for a safe space to process and grow, you are more than the pain you have endured, and healing. is. possible. If this story feels all too familiar for you, I understand, and I am glad you are here.
(314) 350-8131 View (314) 350-8131
Photo of Valentina Penalba, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Valentina Penalba
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117  (Online Only)
Sometimes, even when we know that something is wrong, we still need guidance in order to disentangle the problems that cause us suffering. Every problem has a solution and every difficult period can have a peaceful resolution. My therapeutic approach primarily stems from Family Systems Theory. I focus on emotional independence through individuation and help individuals, couples and families gain additional growth, strengths, and insights into their lives. I work on reducing negative communication patterns and installing love as an attachment bond.
Sometimes, even when we know that something is wrong, we still need guidance in order to disentangle the problems that cause us suffering. Every problem has a solution and every difficult period can have a peaceful resolution. My therapeutic approach primarily stems from Family Systems Theory. I focus on emotional independence through individuation and help individuals, couples and families gain additional growth, strengths, and insights into their lives. I work on reducing negative communication patterns and installing love as an attachment bond.
(314) 310-6923 View (314) 310-6923
Photo of Anessa Kemna, PLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Anessa Kemna
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63123  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you’re always saying “I should be able to…” followed by a huge wave of shame? Are you constantly hounded by an inner critic who never shuts up? Do you feel like you just can’t get the hang of existing in the world? If you do, you’re not alone. Lots of us are trying to live by a manual that never seems to work quite right. It doesn't work right because it’s written by a society that doesn’t consider your individual needs. It says there’s one way to do things, and if you can’t do it that way, there’s something wrong with you. I want to help you write a manual that's truly created for you.
Do you feel like you’re always saying “I should be able to…” followed by a huge wave of shame? Are you constantly hounded by an inner critic who never shuts up? Do you feel like you just can’t get the hang of existing in the world? If you do, you’re not alone. Lots of us are trying to live by a manual that never seems to work quite right. It doesn't work right because it’s written by a society that doesn’t consider your individual needs. It says there’s one way to do things, and if you can’t do it that way, there’s something wrong with you. I want to help you write a manual that's truly created for you.
(314) 370-2233 View (314) 370-2233
Photo of Meghan Briestansky, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Meghan Briestansky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Meghan is here to come alongside you, and help you create your best self. Building greater self-awareness and self-compassion equips us to be our best when we’re with others in the world. Meghan is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Missouri, as well as a Professional School Counselor (PSC) in North Carolina.
Meghan is here to come alongside you, and help you create your best self. Building greater self-awareness and self-compassion equips us to be our best when we’re with others in the world. Meghan is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Missouri, as well as a Professional School Counselor (PSC) in North Carolina.
(314) 789-8342 View (314) 789-8342
Photo of Bill Michalski, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bill Michalski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Why is it that you’re doing everything “right” and still don’t feel happy? How do you remain true to your heartfelt work in a world that doesn’t seem to appreciate it? Is all this stress accomplishing anything meaningful for you or your loved ones? Why do fears and anxieties keep you isolated from people you might like to know? These are just a few of the questions we can tackle together in therapy. If there is one place in the world where you should be allowed to be your genuine self, I believe it is the therapy room.
Why is it that you’re doing everything “right” and still don’t feel happy? How do you remain true to your heartfelt work in a world that doesn’t seem to appreciate it? Is all this stress accomplishing anything meaningful for you or your loved ones? Why do fears and anxieties keep you isolated from people you might like to know? These are just a few of the questions we can tackle together in therapy. If there is one place in the world where you should be allowed to be your genuine self, I believe it is the therapy room.
(314) 463-4801 View (314) 463-4801
Photo of Evelyn A Witten, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Evelyn A Witten
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Making a decision to enter therapy is often a step taken after much thought and consideration. Evelyn's professional experience is framed by a philosophy of trust and respect in the collaborative relationship. Clients may enter treatment at a period of life that is marked by stress, strain and pain. While this may be the presenting problem, the journey of therapy allows one to develop an understanding of the strengths as well as limitations that help or hinder life at different stages. Evelyn helps clients recognize patterns of interaction in the present that may shed insight on difficult recurring issues.
Making a decision to enter therapy is often a step taken after much thought and consideration. Evelyn's professional experience is framed by a philosophy of trust and respect in the collaborative relationship. Clients may enter treatment at a period of life that is marked by stress, strain and pain. While this may be the presenting problem, the journey of therapy allows one to develop an understanding of the strengths as well as limitations that help or hinder life at different stages. Evelyn helps clients recognize patterns of interaction in the present that may shed insight on difficult recurring issues.
(314) 408-2434 View (314) 408-2434
Photo of Dr. Deanna Granger, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Deanna Granger
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63103
Typically, we wear many hats and life “tries” to deter us from making time for self-care. However, YOU are important so, give yourself permission to put YOU at the top of your to-do list. Self-care is not selfish, it is essential….YOU are essential. My goal is to support my clients holistically…..mentally, spiritually, socially, and physically. My clients are actively involved in their treatment plan that is tailored to their unique selves. I see clients for individual, couples, and family therapy. I support my clients with concerns around depression, anxiety, stress, and health management.
Typically, we wear many hats and life “tries” to deter us from making time for self-care. However, YOU are important so, give yourself permission to put YOU at the top of your to-do list. Self-care is not selfish, it is essential….YOU are essential. My goal is to support my clients holistically…..mentally, spiritually, socially, and physically. My clients are actively involved in their treatment plan that is tailored to their unique selves. I see clients for individual, couples, and family therapy. I support my clients with concerns around depression, anxiety, stress, and health management.
(314) 470-9498 View (314) 470-9498
Photo of Jaquette Ebony Sterling-Ransom, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jaquette Ebony Sterling-Ransom
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63110  (Online Only)
I provide a nonjudgmental and warm therapeutic environment, which enables my patients to feel comfortable and trust the process. Only the patient's culture and values exist during session and I have experience successfully utilizing a patient's faith in therapy (previously unknown to me). I like to have fun with everything I do. So we will definitely share some laughs and maybe some tears. We will work together as equals to reach your mental health goals. I understand you are the expert on yourself and I am here to help you solve your own problems.
I provide a nonjudgmental and warm therapeutic environment, which enables my patients to feel comfortable and trust the process. Only the patient's culture and values exist during session and I have experience successfully utilizing a patient's faith in therapy (previously unknown to me). I like to have fun with everything I do. So we will definitely share some laughs and maybe some tears. We will work together as equals to reach your mental health goals. I understand you are the expert on yourself and I am here to help you solve your own problems.
(314) 876-8758 View (314) 876-8758
Photo of Meghan Gaffney, MA, PLPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Meghan Gaffney
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118
As someone who values genuineness, compassion, and transparency, I aim to create a space where clients can be vulnerable and authentically themselves. I feel healing occurs when client’s feel seen, supported, and validated. You can expect curiosity, passion, and informality to show up in my approach. I believe in meeting each client at where they're at in their journey. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, traumatic experiences, communication problems, and adjustment issues.
As someone who values genuineness, compassion, and transparency, I aim to create a space where clients can be vulnerable and authentically themselves. I feel healing occurs when client’s feel seen, supported, and validated. You can expect curiosity, passion, and informality to show up in my approach. I believe in meeting each client at where they're at in their journey. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, traumatic experiences, communication problems, and adjustment issues.
(314) 310-1870 View (314) 310-1870
Photo of David K McGraw, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
David K McGraw
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Our world often stigmatizes needing support, but let's face it: no one gets anywhere without help! Change and growth come with challenges, and having the support of a genuine and compassionate therapist can make a positive difference. Whether you are experiencing a significant personal development, struggling to relate to others, or feeling stuck and looking for a change for the better, reaching out to someone trained to help is a critical step towards finding a way to live more authentically. As a therapist, I work with individuals & couples to create a space to process experiences and find a path forward to greater well-being.
Our world often stigmatizes needing support, but let's face it: no one gets anywhere without help! Change and growth come with challenges, and having the support of a genuine and compassionate therapist can make a positive difference. Whether you are experiencing a significant personal development, struggling to relate to others, or feeling stuck and looking for a change for the better, reaching out to someone trained to help is a critical step towards finding a way to live more authentically. As a therapist, I work with individuals & couples to create a space to process experiences and find a path forward to greater well-being.
(314) 926-9030 View (314) 926-9030
Photo of Paul Lehmann, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul Lehmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
As a therapist, I have a warm and compassionate approach to help guide you through the therapy process. I work collaboratively with clients to understand their life circumstances and help them overcome obstacles to their problems. I have an innate ability to tune into the nuances of my clients that I continue to refine through years in practice. This helps clients feel more understood and compassionate towards themselves and their feelings. When one is compassionately present with their feelings they start to have clarity as they access their core inner wisdom. This clarity and wisdom helps them to successfully identify what works best for them.
As a therapist, I have a warm and compassionate approach to help guide you through the therapy process. I work collaboratively with clients to understand their life circumstances and help them overcome obstacles to their problems. I have an innate ability to tune into the nuances of my clients that I continue to refine through years in practice. This helps clients feel more understood and compassionate towards themselves and their feelings. When one is compassionately present with their feelings they start to have clarity as they access their core inner wisdom. This clarity and wisdom helps them to successfully identify what works best for them.
(314) 858-5600 View (314) 858-5600
Photo of Audrey Fields, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Audrey Fields
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
It is easy to find oneself discouraged, uncertain, tired, and even fearful. It may feel like you have lost the plot in the story of your life, or maybe you’re tired of how you engage with the characters in it. Struggling to hope? Unsure of where to go next or who to turn to? Returning to the same pattern in your life that you know did not work the last time? Maybe you are struggling with depression or anxiety. Maybe you want to break cycles in your life. Maybe you want freedom from the heavier parts of your story. Maybe you and your spouse keep having the same argument and wonder if you will ever feel close again...
It is easy to find oneself discouraged, uncertain, tired, and even fearful. It may feel like you have lost the plot in the story of your life, or maybe you’re tired of how you engage with the characters in it. Struggling to hope? Unsure of where to go next or who to turn to? Returning to the same pattern in your life that you know did not work the last time? Maybe you are struggling with depression or anxiety. Maybe you want to break cycles in your life. Maybe you want freedom from the heavier parts of your story. Maybe you and your spouse keep having the same argument and wonder if you will ever feel close again...
(314) 310-8533 View (314) 310-8533
Photo of Marybeth Gras, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marybeth Gras
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Being human is difficult! Committing to counseling provides viable options to the struggles you face. As you grow in your understanding of yourself and your world, you will begin to find that you have more choices than you thought possible — real alternatives to being defeated, becoming numb, or simply being trapped in knee-jerk patterns and reactions. Growth in this way does require trust and vulnerability, but not just from you — from both of us! My deepest hope is to be a compassionate collaborator and a source of safety and insight as you make small steps towards big change.
Being human is difficult! Committing to counseling provides viable options to the struggles you face. As you grow in your understanding of yourself and your world, you will begin to find that you have more choices than you thought possible — real alternatives to being defeated, becoming numb, or simply being trapped in knee-jerk patterns and reactions. Growth in this way does require trust and vulnerability, but not just from you — from both of us! My deepest hope is to be a compassionate collaborator and a source of safety and insight as you make small steps towards big change.
(314) 970-5501 View (314) 970-5501
Photo of Sara Parris, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Parris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63110
Waitlist for new clients
I utilize the EMDR model to help adults & adolescents with all issues related to mental health under this sun. You may have unwanted or unanticipated thoughts or emotions such as anger, fear, anxiousness, resentment, rumination, insecurities. You may have unwanted coping behaviors or symptoms in your body. You may be experiencing distress in your relationships or a lack of positive relationships. You possibly long to stop doing certain behaviors but find yourself repeating them again and again. You may find that the reason you are seeking counseling is not listed here, but please blame the word limit and know that it should be.
I utilize the EMDR model to help adults & adolescents with all issues related to mental health under this sun. You may have unwanted or unanticipated thoughts or emotions such as anger, fear, anxiousness, resentment, rumination, insecurities. You may have unwanted coping behaviors or symptoms in your body. You may be experiencing distress in your relationships or a lack of positive relationships. You possibly long to stop doing certain behaviors but find yourself repeating them again and again. You may find that the reason you are seeking counseling is not listed here, but please blame the word limit and know that it should be.
(314) 557-4093 View (314) 557-4093
Photo of Annetta Sykes, MA, ED, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Annetta Sykes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ED, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63120
My ideal client is an individual interested in a professional that can assist them in being better, having healthy relationships, and developing skills that can enhance their life and those they encounter. We all have problems and I can help clients learn the skills to overcome any issue and have a healthier mind and life!
My ideal client is an individual interested in a professional that can assist them in being better, having healthy relationships, and developing skills that can enhance their life and those they encounter. We all have problems and I can help clients learn the skills to overcome any issue and have a healthier mind and life!
(314) 219-1790 View (314) 219-1790
Photo of Kenneth J McCain, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kenneth J McCain
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Life does not come with a road map and sometimes we find ourselves straying off course. Call me today to see if we can help you get back on the path.
Life does not come with a road map and sometimes we find ourselves straying off course. Call me today to see if we can help you get back on the path.
(314) 956-0547 View (314) 956-0547
Photo of Brienna Thompson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brienna Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63143
Brienna is a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 5 years of experience. She is committed to helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples develop strategies for daily living that address their unique challenges. She specializes in depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, and child behavioral issues. Brienna completed her Master's in Clinical Psychology at the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology.
Brienna is a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 5 years of experience. She is committed to helping children, adolescents, adults, and couples develop strategies for daily living that address their unique challenges. She specializes in depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, and child behavioral issues. Brienna completed her Master's in Clinical Psychology at the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology.
(314) 820-0811 View (314) 820-0811
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
76% Cigna and Evernorth
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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