Therapists in Youngstown, OH

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Photo of Shaunte Rogers, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shaunte Rogers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44515
Hello! My name is Shaunte and I am a licensed professional counselor with Aspire Mental Health. I have experience collaborating with diverse and marginalized groups. I am passionate when it comes to supporting and empowering those along their quest for wellness.
Hello! My name is Shaunte and I am a licensed professional counselor with Aspire Mental Health. I have experience collaborating with diverse and marginalized groups. I am passionate when it comes to supporting and empowering those along their quest for wellness.
(330) 862-8730 View (330) 862-8730
Photo of Lyndsie M. Markovsky, MSEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Lyndsie M. Markovsky
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44515  (Online Only)
Sometimes life is just difficult. Sometimes we struggle to cope or express our feelings, what it is we truly want. This is when we could all use a little help, someone who is outside ourselves that sees things differently and can show us what we may be missing. I recognize the importance of mental health and know the ways that it can impact every facet of life. I use my experience as a person and a professional to create an individualized approach for each person I see. I am a Licensed Professional Independent Counselor Supervisor (LPCC-S) in the State of Ohio. I see clients by telehealth only.
Sometimes life is just difficult. Sometimes we struggle to cope or express our feelings, what it is we truly want. This is when we could all use a little help, someone who is outside ourselves that sees things differently and can show us what we may be missing. I recognize the importance of mental health and know the ways that it can impact every facet of life. I use my experience as a person and a professional to create an individualized approach for each person I see. I am a Licensed Professional Independent Counselor Supervisor (LPCC-S) in the State of Ohio. I see clients by telehealth only.
(330) 557-9768 View (330) 557-9768
Photo of Marilyn T. Burns, LPCC, Counselor
Marilyn T. Burns
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44512
I have 43 years of experience in my field. The last twenty years have been focused on integrating the mind, body and spirit into my therapy. I owned a holistic health center for 16 years and firmly believe that a peaceful joyful existence can be achieved by positive thoughts, healthy behavior and a positive loving belief system. I encourage my clients to make peace with their past by mindfully choosing to accept how they developed as a result of their negative experiences
I have 43 years of experience in my field. The last twenty years have been focused on integrating the mind, body and spirit into my therapy. I owned a holistic health center for 16 years and firmly believe that a peaceful joyful existence can be achieved by positive thoughts, healthy behavior and a positive loving belief system. I encourage my clients to make peace with their past by mindfully choosing to accept how they developed as a result of their negative experiences
(330) 331-5629 View (330) 331-5629
Photo of Taylor Barton Fronzaglio, MSEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Taylor Barton Fronzaglio
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44514  (Online Only)
Therapy is a safe, confidential place to explore your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, lived experiences, relationship with yourself, and connections with people in your life. With the right therapeutic relationship, it can be a healing journey. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, with supervision designation, and a fervent mental health advocate. I believe you are the expert of your own life and I am here to guide and support you with my knowledge, experience, and training. As Lisa Olivera said, "Just because no one else can heal or do your inner work for you, doesn't mean you can, should, or need to do it alone."
Therapy is a safe, confidential place to explore your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, lived experiences, relationship with yourself, and connections with people in your life. With the right therapeutic relationship, it can be a healing journey. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, with supervision designation, and a fervent mental health advocate. I believe you are the expert of your own life and I am here to guide and support you with my knowledge, experience, and training. As Lisa Olivera said, "Just because no one else can heal or do your inner work for you, doesn't mean you can, should, or need to do it alone."
(330) 302-1164 View (330) 302-1164
Photo of Ryan Goettsch, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ryan Goettsch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44512
Not accepting new clients
Hello, I am a clinical social worker. I provide therapy from a strengths based perspective. I prefer to tailor the approach I use for each individual client in order to best meet each person's specific needs. For many issues I often utilize traditional cognitive therapy interventions. Cognitive Therapy is as much a form of coaching as it is a form of therapy. The approach primarily focuses on addressing thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. I have also received extensive training in an evidence informed treatment approach for Complex Trauma and Dissociative Disorders. Additionally, I am trained and certified in Clinical Hypnosis.
Hello, I am a clinical social worker. I provide therapy from a strengths based perspective. I prefer to tailor the approach I use for each individual client in order to best meet each person's specific needs. For many issues I often utilize traditional cognitive therapy interventions. Cognitive Therapy is as much a form of coaching as it is a form of therapy. The approach primarily focuses on addressing thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. I have also received extensive training in an evidence informed treatment approach for Complex Trauma and Dissociative Disorders. Additionally, I am trained and certified in Clinical Hypnosis.
(330) 522-1324 View (330) 522-1324
Photo of Anna Hawout, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna Hawout
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44515
For almost a decade, I’ve had the opportunity for individuals to trust me in their journey to working through a variety of challenges in their lives. I approach each person and their concerns on an individual basis, and find gratitude in the trust given to me in this process. I use a reality based and “down-to-earth” approach that also encompasses all of the important therapeutic ideals that I find beneficial. I try to create a judgement-free space for collaborative approaches to problems and focus on working side by side with my clients to meet their individual needs.
For almost a decade, I’ve had the opportunity for individuals to trust me in their journey to working through a variety of challenges in their lives. I approach each person and their concerns on an individual basis, and find gratitude in the trust given to me in this process. I use a reality based and “down-to-earth” approach that also encompasses all of the important therapeutic ideals that I find beneficial. I try to create a judgement-free space for collaborative approaches to problems and focus on working side by side with my clients to meet their individual needs.
(330) 859-4193 View (330) 859-4193
Photo of Sarah Peterson, MSW, LSW, ECMHC
Sarah Peterson
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW, ECMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44511
Hey! I take a unique approach on therapy, believing that we are not one-size-fits-all and what works for one, may not work for another. That being said, choosing a therapist and type of therapy will be very unique to you and it is your right to search around for that perfect fit. In general, I utilize a laid-back approach, connecting with my clients as human beings above all else. I enjoy connecting my life experiences as well as clinical knowledge, as we both see fit. My goal is to help you find your unique purpose and passions and flourish beyond belief.
Hey! I take a unique approach on therapy, believing that we are not one-size-fits-all and what works for one, may not work for another. That being said, choosing a therapist and type of therapy will be very unique to you and it is your right to search around for that perfect fit. In general, I utilize a laid-back approach, connecting with my clients as human beings above all else. I enjoy connecting my life experiences as well as clinical knowledge, as we both see fit. My goal is to help you find your unique purpose and passions and flourish beyond belief.
(234) 301-4874 View (234) 301-4874
Photo of Dr. Kearisten Gaines, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Kearisten Gaines
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44512
Hello and welcome, I am so glad you are here! I am Dr. Kearisten Gaines, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in Ohio. Taking the first step towards therapy can be difficult. That is why when working with clients my goal is to always create a compassionate, safe, and judgement free atmosphere. This allows me to work in collaboration with my clients, as I believe they are the experts of their lives. Through the therapeutic process we will work together to address the difficulties you are facing, create meaningful change, and help you to feel empowered and in control of your life!
Hello and welcome, I am so glad you are here! I am Dr. Kearisten Gaines, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in Ohio. Taking the first step towards therapy can be difficult. That is why when working with clients my goal is to always create a compassionate, safe, and judgement free atmosphere. This allows me to work in collaboration with my clients, as I believe they are the experts of their lives. Through the therapeutic process we will work together to address the difficulties you are facing, create meaningful change, and help you to feel empowered and in control of your life!
(234) 219-3443 View (234) 219-3443
Photo of Janice Stenson, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janice Stenson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44502  (Online Only)
As Navy Veteran and a Licensed Social Worker, with over ten years of experience specializing in mental health, substance abuse, and trauma therapy, my goal in helping you is twofold: to achieve insight into what you need to grow and develop the skills to attain it. If you feel anxious, depressed, or you’ve been living with unresolved trauma or grieving a loss, I want to help you overcome these barriers interfering with your success and happiness. Regardless of where you currently are on your journey, I am passionate about helping you achieve satisfaction in your life.
As Navy Veteran and a Licensed Social Worker, with over ten years of experience specializing in mental health, substance abuse, and trauma therapy, my goal in helping you is twofold: to achieve insight into what you need to grow and develop the skills to attain it. If you feel anxious, depressed, or you’ve been living with unresolved trauma or grieving a loss, I want to help you overcome these barriers interfering with your success and happiness. Regardless of where you currently are on your journey, I am passionate about helping you achieve satisfaction in your life.
(937) 828-5166 View (937) 828-5166
Photo of John Ranieri Jr., LPCC-S, Counselor
John Ranieri Jr.
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44514
Every day is a struggle. Painful memories and overwhelming emotions make it difficult to accomplish anything. Some days, the thought of just getting out of bed is too much to bear. You never know what will trigger distress and anxiety, so you avoid people and unpredictable situations. But, as a result, your life keeps getting smaller and smaller. Relationships are becoming distant and filled with conflict. You wonder why you’re unable to get over those painful events from your past. You blame yourself for still struggling this way. If only there were someone you could talk to and help you make sense of what you’re experiencing.
Every day is a struggle. Painful memories and overwhelming emotions make it difficult to accomplish anything. Some days, the thought of just getting out of bed is too much to bear. You never know what will trigger distress and anxiety, so you avoid people and unpredictable situations. But, as a result, your life keeps getting smaller and smaller. Relationships are becoming distant and filled with conflict. You wonder why you’re unable to get over those painful events from your past. You blame yourself for still struggling this way. If only there were someone you could talk to and help you make sense of what you’re experiencing.
(234) 231-8006 View (234) 231-8006
Photo of Lucas Aaron Bennett, MA, LICDC, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lucas Aaron Bennett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LICDC, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44512
I am a graduate of Liberty University with a Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy. I have mental health counseling experience working with adolescents, individuals, couples and families as well as addiction experience working with those in recovery. I like to take a holistic approach with those that I work with and have experience with depression, anxiety, infidelity, ADHD, and substance use. I am trained in motivational interviewing, family systems, and cognitive therapy approaches.
I am a graduate of Liberty University with a Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy. I have mental health counseling experience working with adolescents, individuals, couples and families as well as addiction experience working with those in recovery. I like to take a holistic approach with those that I work with and have experience with depression, anxiety, infidelity, ADHD, and substance use. I am trained in motivational interviewing, family systems, and cognitive therapy approaches.
(330) 583-1491 View (330) 583-1491
Photo of Jessica Russell, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Russell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44512  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker that has worked in the social work field since 2007. I provide individual counseling for adults with mental health disorders and have experience working with diverse populations.
I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker that has worked in the social work field since 2007. I provide individual counseling for adults with mental health disorders and have experience working with diverse populations.
(234) 224-1683 View (234) 224-1683
Photo of Mason Boano, MSW LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mason Boano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44512
On hold for new clients until Oct. 21st: Have you (or your son) had trouble relating to a therapist in the past? As men, the world expects us to bottle to our emotions and trauma up; even when we know it's tearing us apart. You want to be able to express yourself in a healthy way; that doesn't interfere with your identity as a man in a world that expects you to be strong.
On hold for new clients until Oct. 21st: Have you (or your son) had trouble relating to a therapist in the past? As men, the world expects us to bottle to our emotions and trauma up; even when we know it's tearing us apart. You want to be able to express yourself in a healthy way; that doesn't interfere with your identity as a man in a world that expects you to be strong.
(330) 632-3447 View (330) 632-3447
Photo of Courtney A Lymber, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Courtney A Lymber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44515
Hi, my name is Courtney, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Ohio. My relevant qualifications include a Master of Science in Psychology and a Master of Science in Education (Clinical Mental Health Counseling). Although I describe myself as an eclectic therapist, I do focus on the person-centered Rogerian tenets placing the client as the leader of his or her therapy and the therapist as the creator of a safe, nonjudgemental, and supportive space. As your support, I will provide a genuine, accepting, and empathic relationship that allows you to process your experiences and your connected thoughts and feelings.
Hi, my name is Courtney, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Ohio. My relevant qualifications include a Master of Science in Psychology and a Master of Science in Education (Clinical Mental Health Counseling). Although I describe myself as an eclectic therapist, I do focus on the person-centered Rogerian tenets placing the client as the leader of his or her therapy and the therapist as the creator of a safe, nonjudgemental, and supportive space. As your support, I will provide a genuine, accepting, and empathic relationship that allows you to process your experiences and your connected thoughts and feelings.
(330) 578-7479 View (330) 578-7479
Photo of Laura J. Haas, MSW LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura J. Haas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW LSW
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44504
Taking the first step is often the hardest and the most difficult, but by searching for a therapist, you have already begun the first step in YOUR healing process! I received both my Bachelor’s Degree and Master of Social Work Degree from Youngstown State University. I have been a Social Worker for 17 years, and am licensed through the Ohio State Board of Counselors, Social Workers and Marriage and Family Therapists. I have a wide range of experience working with children, teens, young adults, adults and the elderly in individual, family and group settings.
Taking the first step is often the hardest and the most difficult, but by searching for a therapist, you have already begun the first step in YOUR healing process! I received both my Bachelor’s Degree and Master of Social Work Degree from Youngstown State University. I have been a Social Worker for 17 years, and am licensed through the Ohio State Board of Counselors, Social Workers and Marriage and Family Therapists. I have a wide range of experience working with children, teens, young adults, adults and the elderly in individual, family and group settings.
(330) 304-4378 x243 View (330) 304-4378 x243
Photo of Tabitha Fitz-Patrick, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tabitha Fitz-Patrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44505  (Online Only)
Let's build your resiliency together! Emotional, mental, and behavioral supports are components of wellness we can expand on as a team. We can explore past experiences, stressors & triggers, support needs, and mental health needs. Our partnership in your journey will promote healing, growth, and wellness.
Let's build your resiliency together! Emotional, mental, and behavioral supports are components of wellness we can expand on as a team. We can explore past experiences, stressors & triggers, support needs, and mental health needs. Our partnership in your journey will promote healing, growth, and wellness.
(330) 295-2207 View (330) 295-2207
Photo of Richard Hoffman - Christian Counseling Associates of Eastern Ohio
Christian Counseling Associates of Eastern Ohio
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44507
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(234) 657-2857 View (234) 657-2857
Photo of Tracee Moss, MSEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Tracee Moss
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44514  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with over 24 years of experience in the Mahoning and Trumbull County areas. I earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Psychology and obtained my Master's Degree in Counseling from Youngstown State University in 2000. In 2016, I opened my own private practice in Austintown, OH called Individualized Trauma Care. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy, which provides impressive evidence based results in helping individuals reprocess their trauma(s). I utilize other traditional forms of therapy as well to meet the needs of my client's.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with over 24 years of experience in the Mahoning and Trumbull County areas. I earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Psychology and obtained my Master's Degree in Counseling from Youngstown State University in 2000. In 2016, I opened my own private practice in Austintown, OH called Individualized Trauma Care. I am trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy, which provides impressive evidence based results in helping individuals reprocess their trauma(s). I utilize other traditional forms of therapy as well to meet the needs of my client's.
(330) 449-0694 View (330) 449-0694
Photo of Payton Shannon, CT, CDCA, Counselor
Payton Shannon
Counselor, CT, CDCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44515
I am deeply committed to providing a warm and welcoming environment where individuals feel comfortable to explore and heal. Specializing in trauma and addiction, I understand the profound impact these challenges can have in someone's life. I also work with children and adolescents, recognizing the unique needs and resilience they bring to therapy. Whether you or your child is navigating the complexities of trauma, addiction, or other emotional difficulties, I am here to walk alongside you on your journey of healing and growth. Together, we can work towards a brighter, and more fulfilling future.
I am deeply committed to providing a warm and welcoming environment where individuals feel comfortable to explore and heal. Specializing in trauma and addiction, I understand the profound impact these challenges can have in someone's life. I also work with children and adolescents, recognizing the unique needs and resilience they bring to therapy. Whether you or your child is navigating the complexities of trauma, addiction, or other emotional difficulties, I am here to walk alongside you on your journey of healing and growth. Together, we can work towards a brighter, and more fulfilling future.
(330) 919-5684 x2 View (330) 919-5684 x2
Photo of Alyssa Hunter, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alyssa Hunter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44512  (Online Only)
You look in the mirror and you don't recognize what you see. You're tired, burnt out, and don't recognize the person you've turned into. Everyday you wonder if you're making the right decisions, and feel as if you're not good enough. As a woman, making your self a priority is important, but it's just another item on your never ending to-do list. You want someone who is going to listen, validate your concerns, tell you that you are valid, and let you know you're not alone.
You look in the mirror and you don't recognize what you see. You're tired, burnt out, and don't recognize the person you've turned into. Everyday you wonder if you're making the right decisions, and feel as if you're not good enough. As a woman, making your self a priority is important, but it's just another item on your never ending to-do list. You want someone who is going to listen, validate your concerns, tell you that you are valid, and let you know you're not alone.
(330) 919-7345 View (330) 919-7345

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Youngstown, OH

100+

Average cost per session

$109

Therapists in Youngstown, OH who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
83% Trauma and PTSD
73% Stress
65% Grief
62% Relationship Issues
62% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
81% Cigna and Evernorth
80% Anthem

How Therapists in Youngstown, OH see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Youngstown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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