Therapists in Vienna, VA

Photo of Khalida Jahed, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Khalida Jahed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22182  (Online Only)
Hi! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), with 9 years of experience. I see clients aged 18 and older for individual therapy via telehealth.
Hi! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), with 9 years of experience. I see clients aged 18 and older for individual therapy via telehealth.
(804) 578-7619 View (804) 578-7619
Photo of Angela Van Berkel, PsyD, Psychologist
Angela Van Berkel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22182
I think of psychotherapy as a creative partnership between client and therapist, accepting the client, just as they are, while also working with them towards lasting change. I strive to create a warm, safe environment, using culturally relevant, evidence-based approaches that foster collaboration and trust. We'll work to improve self-efficacy, develop healthier relationships with self and others, and practice skills to regulate emotions that have interfered with your quality of life. My orientation is trauma-informed and theoretically integrative, using cognitive-behavioral, biosocial, interpersonal process and attachment theories.
I think of psychotherapy as a creative partnership between client and therapist, accepting the client, just as they are, while also working with them towards lasting change. I strive to create a warm, safe environment, using culturally relevant, evidence-based approaches that foster collaboration and trust. We'll work to improve self-efficacy, develop healthier relationships with self and others, and practice skills to regulate emotions that have interfered with your quality of life. My orientation is trauma-informed and theoretically integrative, using cognitive-behavioral, biosocial, interpersonal process and attachment theories.
(703) 687-6610 x168 View (703) 687-6610 x168
Photo of Angela A Fletcher, PsyD, Psychologist
Angela A Fletcher
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22182
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Children's Hospital and work in a private practice part-time. I treat a range of co-occurring psychological (anxiety, depression, & ADHD) and medical conditions (chronic headaches, GI conditions, FND, epilepsy, concussions, and somatization). I utilize an eclectic and individualistic approach using a range of evidence-based modalities, including cognitive behavior therapy, acceptance-commitment therapy, somatic therapy, and biofeedback-assisted relaxation training.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist at Children's Hospital and work in a private practice part-time. I treat a range of co-occurring psychological (anxiety, depression, & ADHD) and medical conditions (chronic headaches, GI conditions, FND, epilepsy, concussions, and somatization). I utilize an eclectic and individualistic approach using a range of evidence-based modalities, including cognitive behavior therapy, acceptance-commitment therapy, somatic therapy, and biofeedback-assisted relaxation training.
(703) 420-5540 View (703) 420-5540
Photo of Hilary Therit, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hilary Therit
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22182  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Finding the right therapist for yourself or your child can often times be daunting. My goal as an experienced Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) is to provide you with a safe and trusting environment where you can express yourself authentically and grow. I believe that everyone is capable of change, which is why I am passionate about helping and empowering my clients. Together we will work to overcome obstacles and challenges that you are currently experiencing or have experienced in the past.
Finding the right therapist for yourself or your child can often times be daunting. My goal as an experienced Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) is to provide you with a safe and trusting environment where you can express yourself authentically and grow. I believe that everyone is capable of change, which is why I am passionate about helping and empowering my clients. Together we will work to overcome obstacles and challenges that you are currently experiencing or have experienced in the past.
(571) 229-7624 View (571) 229-7624
Photo of Sarah Sarsfield, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sarah Sarsfield
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22182
As a counselor, I aim to create a space where clients feel safe and secure on their journey towards healing. My areas of clinical interest include emotion regulation, trauma, family of origin conflict, self-harm, suicidal ideation, behavioral issues, life transitions, body image, anxiety, and depression. I work primarily with adolescents, college students, and young adults.
As a counselor, I aim to create a space where clients feel safe and secure on their journey towards healing. My areas of clinical interest include emotion regulation, trauma, family of origin conflict, self-harm, suicidal ideation, behavioral issues, life transitions, body image, anxiety, and depression. I work primarily with adolescents, college students, and young adults.
(571) 470-5407 View (571) 470-5407
Photo of Allison Fantz, LRC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Allison Fantz
Pre-Licensed Professional, LRC
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22182
Allison Fantz is a Resident in Counseling in Virginia who has been practicing since 2023. She has a Master's of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University and a Bachelor's of Arts in Sociology, Economics, and International Studies. Allison's previous experience includes one year interning with the Loudoun County Domestic Violence Intervention Program doing both individual and group counseling specializing in relational concerns, emotional regulation, adjustment, and trauma processing. Populations served include adolescents and adults individually as well as couples, families, and groups.
Allison Fantz is a Resident in Counseling in Virginia who has been practicing since 2023. She has a Master's of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University and a Bachelor's of Arts in Sociology, Economics, and International Studies. Allison's previous experience includes one year interning with the Loudoun County Domestic Violence Intervention Program doing both individual and group counseling specializing in relational concerns, emotional regulation, adjustment, and trauma processing. Populations served include adolescents and adults individually as well as couples, families, and groups.
(703) 952-3655 View (703) 952-3655
Photo of Megan MacCutcheon, LPC, PMH-C, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Megan MacCutcheon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C, MEd
Verified Verified
25 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22182
Whether you're facing significant mental health struggles or simply need a supportive person in your life to help you manage stress, I provide a comfortable, confidential, and non-judgmental space for you to get the help you need. As a perinatal mental health specialist, my focus is supporting women during pregnancy & following childbirth. If you are struggling or just not feeling like yourself after becoming a mom, get in touch. We can help you determine if what you are experiencing involves a Perinatal Mood/Anxiety Disorder and can help point you in the right direction of feeling like yourself again.
Whether you're facing significant mental health struggles or simply need a supportive person in your life to help you manage stress, I provide a comfortable, confidential, and non-judgmental space for you to get the help you need. As a perinatal mental health specialist, my focus is supporting women during pregnancy & following childbirth. If you are struggling or just not feeling like yourself after becoming a mom, get in touch. We can help you determine if what you are experiencing involves a Perinatal Mood/Anxiety Disorder and can help point you in the right direction of feeling like yourself again.
(256) 857-6949 View (256) 857-6949
Photo of Anne C Ross - Across Counseling: Psychotherapy Center, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Across Counseling: Psychotherapy Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22180
Do you feel anxious, stressed, confused, sad, worried or irritable, or just are not feeling your best. Are you having problems in a relationship or with parenting? We help people find solutions to troubling problems. Give me a call and we can talk about how we might help you to feel good and enjoy life again and answer your questions. Our therapists offer many different specialties and we tailor our approach to each client's individual needs. I am Anne Ross, clinical director and I will help find the best fit for you . I can be reached at Director@AcrossCounseling.com or 703-389-1913
Do you feel anxious, stressed, confused, sad, worried or irritable, or just are not feeling your best. Are you having problems in a relationship or with parenting? We help people find solutions to troubling problems. Give me a call and we can talk about how we might help you to feel good and enjoy life again and answer your questions. Our therapists offer many different specialties and we tailor our approach to each client's individual needs. I am Anne Ross, clinical director and I will help find the best fit for you . I can be reached at Director@AcrossCounseling.com or 703-389-1913
(703) 594-4094 View (703) 594-4094
Photo of Vaughn Omps, MSW
Vaughn Omps
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22182
Have you been struggling with your identity? Have you suffered from traumatic experiences in your life? You're not alone, and you don't have to suffer in silence. Seeking therapy can feel daunting, but I'm glad you're here! During sessions, I use EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing), a valuable tool to assist with re-processing experiences that negatively affect one's sense of self by tapping into the brain's natural tendency to move towards healing and adaptive processes.
Have you been struggling with your identity? Have you suffered from traumatic experiences in your life? You're not alone, and you don't have to suffer in silence. Seeking therapy can feel daunting, but I'm glad you're here! During sessions, I use EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing), a valuable tool to assist with re-processing experiences that negatively affect one's sense of self by tapping into the brain's natural tendency to move towards healing and adaptive processes.
(571) 771-1289 View (571) 771-1289
Photo of Shawn Rubin, PsyD, Psychologist
Shawn Rubin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22180
For over twenty-five years I have been privileged to work alongside parents, children, adolescents and adults of all ages to understand the deeper meanings of troubling thoughts, feelings and behaviors and other symptoms of distress. My collaborative approach is grounded in enhancing personal growth and the innate human capacities for loving, giving, healing painful traumas, and increasing enjoyment of one's life. My therapeutic relationships are respectful, caring, and support the freedom to fully express one's experience, uniqueness, vitality, and engagement of the depth and breadth of human existence.
For over twenty-five years I have been privileged to work alongside parents, children, adolescents and adults of all ages to understand the deeper meanings of troubling thoughts, feelings and behaviors and other symptoms of distress. My collaborative approach is grounded in enhancing personal growth and the innate human capacities for loving, giving, healing painful traumas, and increasing enjoyment of one's life. My therapeutic relationships are respectful, caring, and support the freedom to fully express one's experience, uniqueness, vitality, and engagement of the depth and breadth of human existence.
(571) 253-7526 View (571) 253-7526
Photo of Alexis Andre, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alexis Andre
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22180
I received a degree in Psychology and minor in Family Studies from James Madison University . After graduating from JMU, I received my Masters of Counselor Education at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. I specialize in working collaboratively with teens and adults to heal and accomplish their life goals. With years of experience in school counseling, I have helped individuals work through issues related to anxiety, self-esteem, body image, disordered eating, life transitions and development of healthy relationships
I received a degree in Psychology and minor in Family Studies from James Madison University . After graduating from JMU, I received my Masters of Counselor Education at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. I specialize in working collaboratively with teens and adults to heal and accomplish their life goals. With years of experience in school counseling, I have helped individuals work through issues related to anxiety, self-esteem, body image, disordered eating, life transitions and development of healthy relationships
(571) 901-1498 View (571) 901-1498
Photo of Laurie Nathan-Furtuna, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Laurie Nathan-Furtuna
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22180
I approach my clients from a relational perspective. I value attachment and strength-based modalities in developing a genuine relationship with each client so that healing and lasting change can take place. Through this relational approach, clients have the opportunity to gain perspective on their experienced difficulties and expand their insight into the root causes of these difficulties. I also strongly believe in bringing a holistic perspective to understand and support my clients’ growth. I feel that all clients need a different clinical approach to best meet their unique needs.
I approach my clients from a relational perspective. I value attachment and strength-based modalities in developing a genuine relationship with each client so that healing and lasting change can take place. Through this relational approach, clients have the opportunity to gain perspective on their experienced difficulties and expand their insight into the root causes of these difficulties. I also strongly believe in bringing a holistic perspective to understand and support my clients’ growth. I feel that all clients need a different clinical approach to best meet their unique needs.
(571) 248-3352 View (571) 248-3352
Photo of Jenny Yu Riemer, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jenny Yu Riemer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22180
Jenny Yu Riemer received a Master’s of Social Work from Boston University and is currently working towards LCSW Licensure in both the states of MA and VA. Jenny is a skilled, compassionate, trauma-informed and collaborative clinician who has experience with individuals of all ages and identities, specializing in work with youth, adolescents, families and members of LGBTQIA+ community. She has experience and passion for supporting individuals with complex trauma, anxiety, depression and stress due to life/other transitions.
Jenny Yu Riemer received a Master’s of Social Work from Boston University and is currently working towards LCSW Licensure in both the states of MA and VA. Jenny is a skilled, compassionate, trauma-informed and collaborative clinician who has experience with individuals of all ages and identities, specializing in work with youth, adolescents, families and members of LGBTQIA+ community. She has experience and passion for supporting individuals with complex trauma, anxiety, depression and stress due to life/other transitions.
(571) 322-8872 View (571) 322-8872
Photo of Rachel Jahelka, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rachel Jahelka
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22180
Rachel Jahelka is a recent graduate of Florida Atlantic University’s Master of Social Work program, currently working towards her Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) licensure. With a wealth of experience supporting individuals from diverse backgrounds who are struggling with anxiety, grief, trauma, depression, and co-occurring disorders, Rachel is dedicated to providing compassionate and effective care. She is well-versed in therapeutic modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness techniques.
Rachel Jahelka is a recent graduate of Florida Atlantic University’s Master of Social Work program, currently working towards her Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) licensure. With a wealth of experience supporting individuals from diverse backgrounds who are struggling with anxiety, grief, trauma, depression, and co-occurring disorders, Rachel is dedicated to providing compassionate and effective care. She is well-versed in therapeutic modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness techniques.
(571) 200-3556 View (571) 200-3556
Photo of Jesenia Alonso, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jesenia Alonso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22180
Taking the first step to ask for help can be difficult, but you are here today, so give yourself credit. Do you struggle to find the motivation to get out of bed, complete your schoolwork, or even go to work? Have you stopped enjoying activities you used to love? Have you experienced or witnessed a traumatic event? If any of this sounds familiar, let's work together to improve your coping skills and begin the healing process. My goal is to support you as you enhance your self-awareness and foster personal growth.
Taking the first step to ask for help can be difficult, but you are here today, so give yourself credit. Do you struggle to find the motivation to get out of bed, complete your schoolwork, or even go to work? Have you stopped enjoying activities you used to love? Have you experienced or witnessed a traumatic event? If any of this sounds familiar, let's work together to improve your coping skills and begin the healing process. My goal is to support you as you enhance your self-awareness and foster personal growth.
(703) 386-7929 View (703) 386-7929
Photo of Alexandra Kaghan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Kaghan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22180  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My first goal is to provide you with an open and trusting environment where you can feel safe to explore what has been troubling you. I know how hard it can be to contact a therapist for help. Whether it is a history of past trauma, depression, eating issues, or relationship struggles, I will work with you in a way that will help you better understand your thoughts and feelings so that you can move forward in your life. Using my years of experience treating depression, eating disorders, trauma and relationship issues, together we will tailor treatment goals to meet your individual needs.
My first goal is to provide you with an open and trusting environment where you can feel safe to explore what has been troubling you. I know how hard it can be to contact a therapist for help. Whether it is a history of past trauma, depression, eating issues, or relationship struggles, I will work with you in a way that will help you better understand your thoughts and feelings so that you can move forward in your life. Using my years of experience treating depression, eating disorders, trauma and relationship issues, together we will tailor treatment goals to meet your individual needs.
(703) 622-2048 View (703) 622-2048
The Peaceful Place
Resident in Counseling, MEd, MPsy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22182  (Online Only)
I specialize in individual and couples counseling and provide therapeutic services for a wide variety of mental health conditions including trauma, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, issues related to gender and identity development, neurodivergence and cross-cultural issues, parenting, marriage, and relationships.
I specialize in individual and couples counseling and provide therapeutic services for a wide variety of mental health conditions including trauma, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, issues related to gender and identity development, neurodivergence and cross-cultural issues, parenting, marriage, and relationships.
(571) 604-6348 View (571) 604-6348
Photo of Grace E Gray, MSW, PhD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grace E Gray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22180
Not accepting new clients
If you are reading this, you may be going through a particularly rough patch. Or, you could be ready to face something that's been difficult for too long. How would it be to have a companion on the road--someone who knows short cuts, has walked similar terrain, and will stick with you when you lose your way and your temper? An individual therapist can serve as a guide to your own best self. I work primarily with adolescents and adults who have depression, anxiety disorders, ADHD, trauma, difficulty with emotional regulation, LGBTQ concerns, or (most often) some combination.
If you are reading this, you may be going through a particularly rough patch. Or, you could be ready to face something that's been difficult for too long. How would it be to have a companion on the road--someone who knows short cuts, has walked similar terrain, and will stick with you when you lose your way and your temper? An individual therapist can serve as a guide to your own best self. I work primarily with adolescents and adults who have depression, anxiety disorders, ADHD, trauma, difficulty with emotional regulation, LGBTQ concerns, or (most often) some combination.
(240) 428-2892 View (240) 428-2892
Photo of Bianca Molinari - Bianca Molinari , MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bianca Molinari
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Vienna, VA 22182  (Online Only)
I specialize in providing compassionate and effective treatment for individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and experiencing neurodivergency. Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, or worried about the future? Do you have difficulty overcoming emotional numbness or constant sadness? Do you feel pressured to solve problems on your own? Life can be complex and unpredictable, moving too fast or too slow. But there is hope. You are not alone. I am here to support you on your journey. I can help you find peace and healing, rediscover hope, and identify solutions.
I specialize in providing compassionate and effective treatment for individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and experiencing neurodivergency. Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, or worried about the future? Do you have difficulty overcoming emotional numbness or constant sadness? Do you feel pressured to solve problems on your own? Life can be complex and unpredictable, moving too fast or too slow. But there is hope. You are not alone. I am here to support you on your journey. I can help you find peace and healing, rediscover hope, and identify solutions.
(571) 946-7868 View (571) 946-7868
Photo of Maryam Forozmand - M.Forozmand: Jungian Psychoanalyst & Life coaching, MA,
M.Forozmand: Jungian Psychoanalyst & Life coaching
MA,
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22180
I am a Jungian analyst in training and a life coach with more than 20 years of experience in the profession. We all face problems and issues in our personal, emotional, professional and social lives that sometimes make life difficult for us. We experience these problems in the form of depression, anger, frustration, anxiety, helplessness, problematic relationships, feelings of low value and other types of dissatisfaction.
I am a Jungian analyst in training and a life coach with more than 20 years of experience in the profession. We all face problems and issues in our personal, emotional, professional and social lives that sometimes make life difficult for us. We experience these problems in the form of depression, anger, frustration, anxiety, helplessness, problematic relationships, feelings of low value and other types of dissatisfaction.
(571) 200-1240 View (571) 200-1240
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Vienna, VA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Vienna, VA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
67% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% BlueCross and BlueShield
63% Cigna and Evernorth
61% Elevance

How Therapists in Vienna, VA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Vienna?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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