Therapists in Arlington, VT

Photo of Ginny Paige - Ginny Paige LCSW , LCSW, LICSW, RPT™, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ginny Paige LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, RPT™
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Arlington, VT 05250  (Online Only)
Are you overwhelmed by grief, anxiety, or relationship struggles? Do you feel lost or disconnected? Do you mourn the life you envisioned but don't have? Do you constantly worry or struggle with communicating your needs? Do you fear abandonment? Trauma, career disruption, a breakup, a move, illness, or even the death of a pet can trigger emotional difficulties. If family or friends pressure you to "bounce back" before you are ready, you may feel even more alone. Therapy can help you can navigate your feelings, gain balance, and heal relationships. Your past does not have to be your future. Reach out today.
Are you overwhelmed by grief, anxiety, or relationship struggles? Do you feel lost or disconnected? Do you mourn the life you envisioned but don't have? Do you constantly worry or struggle with communicating your needs? Do you fear abandonment? Trauma, career disruption, a breakup, a move, illness, or even the death of a pet can trigger emotional difficulties. If family or friends pressure you to "bounce back" before you are ready, you may feel even more alone. Therapy can help you can navigate your feelings, gain balance, and heal relationships. Your past does not have to be your future. Reach out today.
(212) 381-6168 View (212) 381-6168
Photo of Joanne Beck, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joanne Beck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, VT 05250
Waitlist for new clients
As a clinician my role is to support and advocate for your well being. How we get there is completely dependent on what works best for you. I am an EMDR Certified therapist and EMDR Child Specialist providing trauma informed therapy to both children and adults. I am trained in Parent Child Interactive Therapy (PCIT) helping parents and children repair their relationship through an evidence based approach. I also have experience providing solutions to those struggling with addiction discover paths to sobriety. I look forward to working with you!
As a clinician my role is to support and advocate for your well being. How we get there is completely dependent on what works best for you. I am an EMDR Certified therapist and EMDR Child Specialist providing trauma informed therapy to both children and adults. I am trained in Parent Child Interactive Therapy (PCIT) helping parents and children repair their relationship through an evidence based approach. I also have experience providing solutions to those struggling with addiction discover paths to sobriety. I look forward to working with you!
(802) 689-1175 View (802) 689-1175
Photo of Rev. Stephen (Steve) Longley, LICSW, MDiv, MSW, Counselor
Rev. Stephen (Steve) Longley
Counselor, LICSW, MDiv, MSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, VT 05250
Are you or a loved one struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or behavioral, substance, or spiritual issues? Are you a couple looking for help? If so, I hope you’ll reach out. I work virtually and from physical offices in Manchester and Dorset, Vermont, and provide integrated mental health counseling services to persons seeking to re-establish or improve daily functioning. I am trained as a psychotherapist and minister. Clients appreciate my supportive and solution-focused approach to counseling.
Are you or a loved one struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or behavioral, substance, or spiritual issues? Are you a couple looking for help? If so, I hope you’ll reach out. I work virtually and from physical offices in Manchester and Dorset, Vermont, and provide integrated mental health counseling services to persons seeking to re-establish or improve daily functioning. I am trained as a psychotherapist and minister. Clients appreciate my supportive and solution-focused approach to counseling.
(802) 456-4317 View (802) 456-4317

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Kristi L Pepoon, LICSW, LADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristi L Pepoon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC
Verified Verified
Manchester Center, VT 05255
Not accepting new clients
I am both a licensed clinical social worker and licensed alcohol and drug counselor. I specialize in treating people with complex trauma and addictions, as well as helping people overcome other life challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship issues and other hurdles that life throws at us. Individual counseling and group therapy is provided to individuals aged 17 years and up, in a safe, supported, and nonjudgmental space utilizing an individualized, integrated approach to best meet your specific needs.
I am both a licensed clinical social worker and licensed alcohol and drug counselor. I specialize in treating people with complex trauma and addictions, as well as helping people overcome other life challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship issues and other hurdles that life throws at us. Individual counseling and group therapy is provided to individuals aged 17 years and up, in a safe, supported, and nonjudgmental space utilizing an individualized, integrated approach to best meet your specific needs.
(802) 684-4857 View (802) 684-4857
Photo of Jason Fleming, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jason Fleming
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Sunderland, VT 05250
First off, if you're reading this because you've reached the point in your life where you're ready to do some work on you congratulations, because actually asking for that help is one of the most courageous things we can do for ourselves. The past couple years has taken a toll on our first responders, nurses, teachers, mental health professionals and so many others who seem as though they've lost their way. Have you lost that balance between your personal life and your professional life? Burned out? Have these feelings or others impacted your relationships? I'd really like to hear more and see if I can help you gain some traction!
First off, if you're reading this because you've reached the point in your life where you're ready to do some work on you congratulations, because actually asking for that help is one of the most courageous things we can do for ourselves. The past couple years has taken a toll on our first responders, nurses, teachers, mental health professionals and so many others who seem as though they've lost their way. Have you lost that balance between your personal life and your professional life? Burned out? Have these feelings or others impacted your relationships? I'd really like to hear more and see if I can help you gain some traction!
(802) 277-7815 View (802) 277-7815
Photo of Emma Wood, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Emma Wood
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Manchester Center, VT 05255
Waitlist for new clients
I work with couples, families, and individuals looking to strengthen feelings of connection as they navigate relational challenges, transitions, and changes. I have witnessed the powerful healing that can occur when people, like you, allow themselves to be vulnerable and courageous in seeking support. I work to create an environment where people can feel safe to share their stories and open up about their challenges, strengths, values, perspectives, and hopes for the future. I believe in the importance of understanding problems through a systemic lens and supporting people in creating meaningful and lasting changes in their lives.
I work with couples, families, and individuals looking to strengthen feelings of connection as they navigate relational challenges, transitions, and changes. I have witnessed the powerful healing that can occur when people, like you, allow themselves to be vulnerable and courageous in seeking support. I work to create an environment where people can feel safe to share their stories and open up about their challenges, strengths, values, perspectives, and hopes for the future. I believe in the importance of understanding problems through a systemic lens and supporting people in creating meaningful and lasting changes in their lives.
(802) 659-2338 View (802) 659-2338
Photo of Debbie D Ramirez, PhD, Psychologist
Debbie D Ramirez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Manchester Center, VT 05255
As a clinical psychologist with extensive psychotherapy experience, I offer individual, family and couples therapy with adults and adolescents. I offer exploratory and supportive psychotherapy and in-depth psychoanalytic therapy for a variety of complaints from relationship issues and family conflict, to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, infertility, adoption, parenting, NICU and post-NICU support.
As a clinical psychologist with extensive psychotherapy experience, I offer individual, family and couples therapy with adults and adolescents. I offer exploratory and supportive psychotherapy and in-depth psychoanalytic therapy for a variety of complaints from relationship issues and family conflict, to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief/loss, infertility, adoption, parenting, NICU and post-NICU support.
(631) 817-4481 View (631) 817-4481
Photo of Melissa Omand, MA
Melissa Omand
MA
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254
Do you want to wake up and feel happy again? Do you have emotions that are overwhelming and you don't know where to turn for help? Please know you do not need to be stuck in negative emotions and thinking; you deserve to enjoy life!
Do you want to wake up and feel happy again? Do you have emotions that are overwhelming and you don't know where to turn for help? Please know you do not need to be stuck in negative emotions and thinking; you deserve to enjoy life!
(980) 272-8041 View (980) 272-8041
Photo of Jessica Townsend, MA, LCMHC, Counselor
Jessica Townsend
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Manchester Center, VT 05255
Offering in-person in VT & telehealth NY Are you feeling disconnected from yourself or others? Does your life feel unbalanced and relationships feel strained? Is this source of unrest and discomfort evident in your daily life; perhaps reflected in relationships with your children, spouse, partner, or friends? Sometimes significant life events can dramatically change the course of your life. Other times you may be confused and unaware of how you ended up on your current path. If you clicked on this page, you recognize that you want change. I believe in your innate ability to heal and achieve a sense of wholeness and wellbeing.
Offering in-person in VT & telehealth NY Are you feeling disconnected from yourself or others? Does your life feel unbalanced and relationships feel strained? Is this source of unrest and discomfort evident in your daily life; perhaps reflected in relationships with your children, spouse, partner, or friends? Sometimes significant life events can dramatically change the course of your life. Other times you may be confused and unaware of how you ended up on your current path. If you clicked on this page, you recognize that you want change. I believe in your innate ability to heal and achieve a sense of wholeness and wellbeing.
(518) 636-0483 View (518) 636-0483
Photo of Erika D. Crowers, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erika D. Crowers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Vermont and hold a Master’s Degree in Social Work from the University of New Hampshire. I began my career in the mental health field in 2007 and have enjoyed supporting my community through advocacy, awareness, and education. I have held various roles, which included case management, career counseling, crisis intervention, hospital social work, supervisory, and psychotherapy. My goal is to provide a supportive environment that will help you gain therapeutic insight to cultivate growth. While assisting you
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Vermont and hold a Master’s Degree in Social Work from the University of New Hampshire. I began my career in the mental health field in 2007 and have enjoyed supporting my community through advocacy, awareness, and education. I have held various roles, which included case management, career counseling, crisis intervention, hospital social work, supervisory, and psychotherapy. My goal is to provide a supportive environment that will help you gain therapeutic insight to cultivate growth. While assisting you
(802) 230-1744 View (802) 230-1744
Photo of Molly Igoe, PsyD, Psychologist
Molly Igoe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Manchester Center, VT 05255
I am a VT, MA and TX licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety and depression along with stress stemming from relationship problems and chronic illness. I believe in utilizing evidence based treatments while recognizing the need to tailor my work to meet individual needs and goals. One of my particular strengths is making patients feel safe and judgement-free during treatment. Together, we make a therapy plan that maximizes gains while ensuring the process is as comfortable and soothing as possible. I am available for in-person treatment in VT and remote virtual therapy for those in MA or TX.
I am a VT, MA and TX licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of anxiety and depression along with stress stemming from relationship problems and chronic illness. I believe in utilizing evidence based treatments while recognizing the need to tailor my work to meet individual needs and goals. One of my particular strengths is making patients feel safe and judgement-free during treatment. Together, we make a therapy plan that maximizes gains while ensuring the process is as comfortable and soothing as possible. I am available for in-person treatment in VT and remote virtual therapy for those in MA or TX.
(802) 727-7119 View (802) 727-7119
Photo of Mallorie Kutzner-Tropeano, MS, LCMHC, LLC, Counselor
Mallorie Kutzner-Tropeano
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LLC
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254
Not accepting new clients
Now Accepting Cash/ Private Pay Clients. I am tremendously passionate and driven to work with individuals who have experienced various hardships in their life. My belief is that every person is worth more than their current or past experiences and circumstances. That you're of value and worth. I believe in helping an individual find their voice, build their self-confidence, self-worth and self-direction. In this I am highly driven to assist an individual in advocating for themselves and identifying their positive qualities.
Now Accepting Cash/ Private Pay Clients. I am tremendously passionate and driven to work with individuals who have experienced various hardships in their life. My belief is that every person is worth more than their current or past experiences and circumstances. That you're of value and worth. I believe in helping an individual find their voice, build their self-confidence, self-worth and self-direction. In this I am highly driven to assist an individual in advocating for themselves and identifying their positive qualities.
(802) 891-4436 View (802) 891-4436
Photo of Joshua Grubb, EdS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joshua Grubb
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
Manchester Center, VT 05255
Challenges related to depression, anxiety, ADHD and high-functioning autism can be difficult to say the least, but there are ways to work with these experiences to make it easier for you. I have experience working with clients who have multiple mental health issues and enjoy working with clients who are looking to manage and/or overcome the difficulties of these experiences.
Challenges related to depression, anxiety, ADHD and high-functioning autism can be difficult to say the least, but there are ways to work with these experiences to make it easier for you. I have experience working with clients who have multiple mental health issues and enjoy working with clients who are looking to manage and/or overcome the difficulties of these experiences.
(470) 281-2730 View (470) 281-2730
Photo of Jami Lynn Marie Lewis, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Jami Lynn Marie Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manchester Center, VT 05255
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, it is my goal to help clients build the relationships and life they desire. Whether families are facing a crisis, a couple is looking to strengthen their partnership, an individual is striving to manage their mental health and diagnosis, or parents are seeking more positive relationships with their children, my goal is to meet clients exactly where they are in their life story and collaborate a new, desired story-line.
As an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, it is my goal to help clients build the relationships and life they desire. Whether families are facing a crisis, a couple is looking to strengthen their partnership, an individual is striving to manage their mental health and diagnosis, or parents are seeking more positive relationships with their children, my goal is to meet clients exactly where they are in their life story and collaborate a new, desired story-line.
(770) 284-3752 View (770) 284-3752
Photo of Michael DeMarco - Psychedelic Institute of Mental Health and Family , PhD, LMHC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Psychedelic Institute of Mental Health and Family
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMHC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254
Therapy can offer guidance on your journey towards emotional freedom and mental well being. Modern therapists want to teach you the tools to create your own psychological, emotional, ethical, sexual and philosophical way in the world- your life, for you, by you. There are individuals, groups, corporations, even therapists- whole systems of people designed to try to make you feel outraged, anxious, addicted, scared, depressed, helpless, and hopeless. Whether they are successful or not is up to you.
Therapy can offer guidance on your journey towards emotional freedom and mental well being. Modern therapists want to teach you the tools to create your own psychological, emotional, ethical, sexual and philosophical way in the world- your life, for you, by you. There are individuals, groups, corporations, even therapists- whole systems of people designed to try to make you feel outraged, anxious, addicted, scared, depressed, helpless, and hopeless. Whether they are successful or not is up to you.
(760) 313-6764 View (760) 313-6764
Photo of Timothy W Latsko, MA, LPC , LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Timothy W Latsko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC , LMFT
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is a lifelong arduous learning and self exploration process that will improve the quality of life. I approach therapy with genuineness, unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, and respect. I will competently employ techniques in which I have received training to assist you in reaching your goals. Technics I may use are EMDR, hypnosis, confrontation, desensitization, homework, humor, imagery, 'I' statements, modeling, psychodrama, journal writing and role-playing. If through the course of psychotherapy an acceptable degree of progress is not reached, I will refer you to another licensed professional.
Psychotherapy is a lifelong arduous learning and self exploration process that will improve the quality of life. I approach therapy with genuineness, unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy, and respect. I will competently employ techniques in which I have received training to assist you in reaching your goals. Technics I may use are EMDR, hypnosis, confrontation, desensitization, homework, humor, imagery, 'I' statements, modeling, psychodrama, journal writing and role-playing. If through the course of psychotherapy an acceptable degree of progress is not reached, I will refer you to another licensed professional.
(843) 281-7622 View (843) 281-7622
Photo of Andrew Juettner M.ed. - Flow Therapy, MEd, Registered Psychotherapist
Flow Therapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients and have early morning and evening appointments available. I am a registered Psychotherapist specializing in psychotherapy with adults and adolescents. I offer a secure Website and HIPPA secured individual client portals. I work with clients throughout the State of Vermont. My primary areas of focus include anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and family dynamics. Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, adjusting to major life changes, or want to feel a deeper connection in your relationships, we can work collaboratively to develop coping skills and strategies for managing distress in your life.
Currently accepting new clients and have early morning and evening appointments available. I am a registered Psychotherapist specializing in psychotherapy with adults and adolescents. I offer a secure Website and HIPPA secured individual client portals. I work with clients throughout the State of Vermont. My primary areas of focus include anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and family dynamics. Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, adjusting to major life changes, or want to feel a deeper connection in your relationships, we can work collaboratively to develop coping skills and strategies for managing distress in your life.
(802) 417-0142 View (802) 417-0142
Photo of Monica Bolio, MA, LCMHC, Counselor
Monica Bolio
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254  (Online Only)
One of life’s greatest challenges can be beginning the healing journey. Whether you're feeling stuck, depressed, uncertain, anxious, unfulfilled, lost, or broken, I am here to support you. Bringing awareness and/or identifying the root causes of behaviors and emotional experiences can be both challenging and rewarding. My hope for you is that we can work together to identify and progress toward goals to alleviate your suffering and increase your ability to cope, make healthy decisions, and regain direction within your journey.
One of life’s greatest challenges can be beginning the healing journey. Whether you're feeling stuck, depressed, uncertain, anxious, unfulfilled, lost, or broken, I am here to support you. Bringing awareness and/or identifying the root causes of behaviors and emotional experiences can be both challenging and rewarding. My hope for you is that we can work together to identify and progress toward goals to alleviate your suffering and increase your ability to cope, make healthy decisions, and regain direction within your journey.
(802) 500-7788 View (802) 500-7788
Photo of Marcy Buckner, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marcy Buckner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Manchester Center, VT 05255
I believe that everyone has the capacity within themselves to create positive and sustained change in their lives. I invite you to contact me and create the life of well-being you deserve.
I believe that everyone has the capacity within themselves to create positive and sustained change in their lives. I invite you to contact me and create the life of well-being you deserve.
(802) 688-1163 View (802) 688-1163
Photo of Brad Young, MS, LCMHC, CHT, Counselor
Brad Young
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, CHT
Verified Verified
Manchester, VT 05254
Sick of waiting to see a Counselor? I offer brief, intense, effective treatments to resolve old hurts and beliefs that get in the way of life. Ready for permanent shifts in a short amount of time? I can help! With brief therapy, openings happen often. Book now on my website. I specialize in helping people overcome past trauma quickly. This is not talk therapy, it is more like auto mechanics. We find the issue and fix it so that you can get back to your best life. Do you wonder if there could be more freedom and peace in life? There is, and If you are ready for that sort of change book it online right now.
Sick of waiting to see a Counselor? I offer brief, intense, effective treatments to resolve old hurts and beliefs that get in the way of life. Ready for permanent shifts in a short amount of time? I can help! With brief therapy, openings happen often. Book now on my website. I specialize in helping people overcome past trauma quickly. This is not talk therapy, it is more like auto mechanics. We find the issue and fix it so that you can get back to your best life. Do you wonder if there could be more freedom and peace in life? There is, and If you are ready for that sort of change book it online right now.
(802) 992-1326 View (802) 992-1326

See more therapy options for Arlington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, VT

< 10

Therapists in Arlington, VT who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Behavioral Issues
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress
67% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
100% Optum

How Therapists in Arlington, VT see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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