SpaceX has pulled some pieces of its Starship megarocket from the sea.
On Sunday evening (Sept. 22), SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk posted on X a photo of dripping and damaged rocket hardware being lifted out of the ocean. The mangled metal is part of the first-stage booster that flew on the most recent Starship test flight, Musk said.
"Like the ruins of a futuristic, long-dead civilization," he wrote in another post a few hours later.
SpaceX is developing Starship to get people and payloads to the moon, Mars and beyond. The vehicle consists of two stainless-steel elements — a huge first-stage booster called Super Heavy and a 165-foot-tall (50 meters) upper-stage spacecraft called Starship, or just Ship.
Both of these stages are designed to be fully and rapidly reusable, and both are powered by SpaceX's powerful new Raptor engines — 33 for Super Heavy and six for Ship.
Related: SpaceX's Starship 4th flight test looks epic in these stunning photos
Starship, which stands 400 feet tall (122 meters) tall when fully stacked, has flown four test flights to date, all of them from SpaceX's Starbase site in South Texas. These missions lifted off in April and November of 2023 and March and June of this year.
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The Super Heavy piece featured in the newly posted photo is from the June liftoff, which SpaceX declared a complete success. Ship reached orbital velocity, and both it and Super Heavy survived their descent through Earth's atmosphere, hitting the waves intact — Ship in the Indian Ocean and Super Heavy in the Gulf of Mexico.
But those splashdowns did some damage, as the newly posted photo shows. The hunk of Super Heavy featured in the image sports 14 Raptors; it's unclear if SpaceX collected the other 19 as well, or if those engines are still resting on the ocean floor.
It's also unclear why SpaceX went to the trouble of salvaging the hardware from the sea; Musk did not provide a reason in his X posts.
"Some SpaceX watchers are speculating it could be after the booster's engines as part of its research to glean additional knowledge or simply to ensure they don't fall into the hands of rival companies or other countries," Brandon Lingle of the San Antonio Express-News wrote in an article published on Sunday.
That piece told the story of a group of independent filmmakers who heard about the Super Heavy recovery operation in the Gulf and chartered a boat to observe it.
SpaceX is gearing up to launch Starship's fifth test flight. The company says that it's been ready to fly since early August, but it likely won't get approval from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) until late November. The FAA says it needs more time to assess the launch's potential environmental impact and to review modifications to the Starship vehicle and flight plan that SpaceX made after Flight 4.
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Michael Wall is a Senior Space Writer with Space.com and joined the team in 2010. He primarily covers exoplanets, spaceflight and military space, but has been known to dabble in the space art beat. His book about the search for alien life, "Out There," was published on Nov. 13, 2018. Before becoming a science writer, Michael worked as a herpetologist and wildlife biologist. He has a Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Sydney, Australia, a bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz. To find out what his latest project is, you can follow Michael on Twitter.
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James Parker Guess that booster isn't getting reused anytime soon.Reply
But it might belong in a museum. -
Unclear Engineer Seems like a lot of damage for a "complete success", which I read was getting to zero velocity at zero altitude. Of course, landing back at the launch pad would have it basically hovering some distance above the pad so that it could be caught by the "chopsticks". And, maybe the rocket motors were still firing when it landed in the Gulf, which might have made a lot of damage when their exit nozzles encountered the water surface. Are there any videos that show the lower end of SuperHeavy reaching the water surface?Reply -
Dan_W
Most, if not all of that damage was probably from impact with the ocean floor.Unclear Engineer said:Seems like a lot of damage for a "complete success", which I read was getting to zero velocity at zero altitude. Of course, landing back at the launch pad would have it basically hovering some distance above the pad so that it could be caught by the "chopsticks". And, maybe the rocket motors were still firing when it landed in the Gulf, which might have made a lot of damage when their exit nozzles encountered the water surface. Are there any videos that show the lower end of SuperHeavy reaching the water surface? -
Unclear Engineer
That doesn't seem probable to me. Remember, the spent stage is mostly big, hollow tanks. I don't know much about the sea floor where it landed, but its depth and the type of material on the bottom would seem to be important parameters for predicting impact velocity (through water) and effects of impacting the bottom. Maybe crush depth had something to do with it. As Blue Origin found out the hard way, it isn't hard to crush a rocket stage with even small external differential pressures (like taking it from sunny outdoor Florida into an air conditioned hanger).Dan_W said:Most, if not all of that damage was probably from impact with the ocean floor. -
Dan_W
I see 2 possibilities. First, the big hollow tanks probably ruptured and filled with water when the booster fell over after "landing" allowing it to sink. Add the 33 Raptors and you have 350,000 - 440,000 lbs (Elon estimate in interview with Tim Dodd) sinking Raptor side down due to CG until impact with the seafloor. The onboard cameras did show the booster still intact after engine shutdown.Unclear Engineer said:That doesn't seem probable to me...
The other possibility, and more likely now that I think of it, is when the booster fell over after the water landing the tanks ruptured and the vehicle exploded. Much like the early failed F9 landing attempts. SpaceX cut off video just after engine shutdown so we never saw what happened after that.
Just my $0.02 (which is $0.02 more than my opinion is worth :)) -
Unclear Engineer An explosion of the tanks' remaining propellants does seem to be a reasonable possibility. Without somehow filling those large tanks almost completely with water, would a SuperHeavy booster even sink?Reply
The tanks are 30' in diameter and hold 7,500,000 lbs of propellants. An air bubble only 10' high in one tank should displace something like 450,000 lbs of salty seawater. That should be enough to float the 440,000 dry weight of the SuperHeavy booster. So, I am thinking that the tanks must have split open in order for the booster to sink very fast.