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[Application Catalog] IPM motors use rare-earth sintered permanent magnets with strong magnetic forces, and in addition to the magnet torque that occurs as a result of the magnetic fields of magnets as well as rotating magnetic fields, IPM motors are also capable of using reluctance torque generated from the difference between d-axis inductance and q-axis inductance. IPM motors, therefore, have wide operating regions and are highly efficient. For this reason, they are used in, for example, traction motors for electric vehicles. It is useful to create efficiency maps for motor design and control design because motor efficiency varies according to rotation speed and load. An example of creating efficiency maps is shown in JAC165. In post-processing, PWM-induced iron loss is accounted for in JAC165 but input is sinusoidal, and coil AC loss is ignored. Because power electronics are used for traction motors, ignoring the effects of PWM may lead to overestimating motor performance. In this example, an IPM motor efficiency map that accounts for PWM-induced AC loss is created, and compared to an efficiency map that does not account for AC loss. #JMAG #EfficiencyMap #PWM #CurrentLoss #IPM #motor #SpeedPriority #AccuracyPriority [JAC273] Creating IPM Motor Efficiency Maps Accounting for AC Loss https://lnkd.in/g_V8dWzM

<Released> Column: [No. 79] The Alexanderson Alternator — An Axial-flux Marvel Alexanderson alternators had these design parameters: Power output: 10−200 kW Frequency: 10−100 kHz Configuration: Axial-flux inductor alternator Permanent magnets: None Application: Long-distance wireless communication Electric machine designers will surely look on these figures with admiration—even with astonishment—given that the era of the Alexanderson alternator (including its antecedents) was from about 1900 to about 1930. But why should we be interested in it today? The famous quote of Henry Ford comes to mind, often given as "History is bunk". The full record of Henry Ford’s argument is not so damning to our engineering forebears. He said that we should be making history today—and we are most definitely doing that with our EVs and power electronics and finite-element methods! So why would we be interested in Alexanderson’s alternator? I would suggest two reasons. Read more:https://lnkd.in/gbXK8mjx #JMAG #Column #alternators #HighFrequency #magnet #ControlAspects #Material #DesignMethod

Lucid’s electric motors are optimized using a multi-physics and system level approach to deliver a compact powertrain that combines motor, gearbox, differential and thermal system into one cohesive package. Lucid’s powertrain sets multiple industry records with leading torque density of >20Nm/kg and power density of >15kW/kg while also delivering best in-class vehicle efficiency of up to 5miles/kWh. Miniaturization of the electric powertrain is key for creating spacious interior vehicle cabin and high efficiency has a compounding effect of reducing battery size and mass of the vehicle for the same range. A power dense and ultra efficient motor presents unique challenges in electromagnetic design and thermal management. The presentation will cover examples of how Lucid uses 3D Finite Element Analysis tools to understand and overcome some of these challenges and extract the maximum performance out of the electric motor. #JMAG #LucidMotors #Automotive #ElectricVehicle #Multiphysics You can read the full paper here:https://lnkd.in/gUXXpm9c

<Released> Webinar: "Brush up on Motor Design!" has been released. [Vol.58] Maxwell's Apprentice & the Flux Gusher – V The 58th seminar is another in the series that began in video 54. We are now ready to glean insight from the visualization of the phase EMF about the shape of the energy conversion loop, the power factor, and the interactions of harmonics. This also includes a phasor diagram that illustrates the behavior of synchronous machines. We will record the flux density in four main locations of the motor as well to understand changes with and without load. This seminar takes advantage of Excel, a specially written FORTRAN program and other tools to unravel the complexity of electric machines. #JMAG #webinar #SynchronousMachines #phase #EMF https://lnkd.in/g6NYa9T

[Application Catalog] In the initial stages of motor design, if only the magnetic design is completed and the design proceeds to the later stages, rework may occur when it is discovered that the part temperature and stress do not meet the requirements or that electric breakdown may occur. Such rework can be reduced by running multifaceted evaluations from the initial design stages, including not only magnetic design but also thermal, stress, and the presence of electric breakdown. By using the templates included in JMAG-Express, you can create motor models and evaluate design plans both quickly and easily. In addition, by combining the prepared scenarios, you can run magnetic design, thermal design, structural design, and electric field design all at the same time. In this example, the efficiency, part temperature, stress, and electric breakdown are evaluated at the same time for the motor design plan, and a design plan that meets the requirements is explored. #JMAG #IPM #motor #MultiDisciplinaryEvaluation #EfficiencyMap #Torqu #Stress #Temperature #ElectricBreakdown [JAC290] Design Exploration of IPM Motors, Including Evaluating Part Temperature, Stress, and the Presence of Electric Breakdown https://lnkd.in/gdGxKdm2

Volvo cars have for some years been working with inhouse development of electric machines and electromagnetic simulations. FEA simulations are time consuming and therefore the simulation time is something that is beneficial to reduce to save cost. This results in that each simulation is of importance in terms of result but also development cost, and you want to reach a final design as quickly as possible with the best accuracy. The use of Direct optimization using multi-objective genetic algorithm often needs to solve many cases to converge to designs fulfilling the optimization targets. Depending on the number of objectives it is common to run 5000 - 10000 cases. This can take several hundreds of hours. We have successfully run large optimizations for PMSM machines using PSL where the time saving is hundred-fold when comparing to a small number of solvers which is normally needed to ensure the usage of JMAG designer within the design team. You can read the full paper here:https://lnkd.in/gpzUbsAS #JMAG #Volvo #Optimization #EfficiencyMap #LargeScaleProcessing

[Application Catalog] Automotive drive and other motors must pursue greater efficiency at lower costs. Designers have to optimize not only the dimensions of the motor geometry but also the winding design to find solutions that can satisfy these sophisticated requirements. Discrete optimizations are effective when using integer values to set the number of coil turns and standard wire diameters as design variables. These optimizations can also account for the thickness of laminated steel sheet. An optimization that treats these variables as continuous values require designers to round the optimization results to the nearest integer feasible for the design before running another analysis. These subsequent simulations often encounter problems, such as results that no longer satisfy the constraint conditions after rounding the optimization results. A discrete optimization can precisely evaluate the objective functions and constraint conditions. This case study optimizes IPM motor geometry and coil turns by using objective functions to maximize the average efficiency of several operating points and minimize the volume to lower costs. #JMAG #motor #IPM #optimization #discretevalues #discrete [JAC302] Optimization of IPM Motor Geometry and Coil Turns https://lnkd.in/dXyaETxE

[JMAG Users Conference Proceedings] Magna Powertrain The widespread adoption of electric vehicles poses significant technical challenges for the automotive industry. Magna Powertrain addresses these challenges by supplying complete e-drive systems that meet the performance and efficiency requirements of traction motors. To meet these requirements in the short development cycles of vehicles, we employ numerical simulation tools from the initial phases of projects through to completion. These tools are crucial, for example, to design cooling concepts that effectively dissipate the waste heat generated by the high-power-density traction motors. A multiphysics tool like JMAG is invaluable for designing cooling concepts that meet the thermal requirements without compromising the machine’s electromagnetic performance. This presentation covers the thermal analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) using JMAG and explore future perspectives on using JMAG for traction motor design. #JMAG #IPM #Motor #Efficiencymap #Multiphysics Thermal Analysis of Traction Motors Using JMAG: A Case Study and Future Perspectives https://lnkd.in/gUbcTtEe

[JMAG Users Conference Proceedings] Hokkaido University This presentation will focus on electromagnetic field analysis, artificial intelligence, and technologies that integrate the two, and discuss how they can be used in the design and development of electrical and electronic devices in the future. First, the presenter will report on the optimal design of motors for air mobility, wireless power transmission, microwave devices, and other examples where electromagnetic field analysis is used. He then discusses how artificial intelligence trained on the large amount of data generated by electromagnetic field analysis can be used for optimal design, reliability evaluation, equipment control, and fault diagnosis. He also discuss the possibilities and challenges that arise from applying artificial intelligence to design and development. Finally, based on the above discussion, he presents a possible picture of future engineers effectively using electromagnetic field analysis and artificial intelligence. #JMAG #Motor #IPM #SPM #WirelessPowerTransfer #Optimization https://lnkd.in/gaNHB_R8

<Released> Column: [No. 78] Atomic Simulation Atomic simulation — Imagine the simulation of a system or an electric machine atom by atom, indivisible particle by indivisible particle, in which there is one discrete finite element for each and every atom. There is a mathematical model (a system of differential equations and constitutive relations) for each and every atom; and there is, in addition, a supervisory system of equations and conditions which coordinates the behaviour and the activities of all the atoms in such a way that the whole set of simulation equations models the entire system. Atom by atom, in every physical mode of activity: thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, and even chemical. One can imagine that Mother Nature has not only devised and constructed such a system of “atomic simulation” into every electric motor — indeed into every object in the universe, including every living creature, as well as the universe itself; and by integrating or embedding the simulation equations into the atoms and objects themselves she has made the individual atoms not only autonomous but also able to interact with other atoms (large numbers of them) in a definite way, even though some aspects of the activity may seem chaotic or at least stochastic to our short-sighted eyes. Read more:https://lnkd.in/gck_gAmy #JMAG #Column #AtomicSimulation #MeshRefinement #EmbeddedControlSystems