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South Asian arts
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature
Sanskrit, Pāli, and Prākrit literatures: 1400
bc
–
ad
1200
Sanskrit: formative period (1400–400
bc
)
Sanskrit: epic and didactic literature (400
bc
–
ad
1000)
Mahābhārata
Rāmāyaṇa
Harivaṃśa
and
Purāṇas
Pāli and Prākrit literature (
c.
200
bc
–
ad
200)
Buddhist texts
Jaina texts
Classical Sanskrit
kāvya
(200–1200)
The mahākāvya
The short lyric
The theatre
Narrative literature
Dravidian literature: 1st–19th century
Early Tamil literature (1st–10th century)
Śaṅgam literature
Eighteen Ethical Works
Epics
Bhakti
poetry
Period of the Tamil Cōḷa Empire (10th–13th century)
14th–19th century
Indo-Aryan literatures: 12th–18th century
Hindi
Bengali
Assamese
Oriya
Marathi
Gujarati
Punjabi
Kashmiri
Islāmic literatures: 11th–19th century
Arabic
Turkish
Regional languages
Persian
Urdu
Qasīdah
s
Ḥaju
and
shahr-āshūb
Mars̄iyeh
Mas̄navī
Ghazal
Sinhalese literature: 10th century
ad
to 19th century
Modern period: 19th and 20th centuries
Bengali
Assamese
Hindi
Gujarati
Marathi
Punjabi
Rajasthani
Tamil
Malayalam
Kannada
Urdu
English
Sinhalese
Music
Folk, classical, and popular music
Rural areas
Classical music
Nonclassical music of the cities
Antiquity
Vedic chant
Compilation of hymns
Chant intonation
The classical period
Qualities of the scales
Mode, or
jati
Medieval period
Precursors of the medieval system
Further development of the
grama-raga
s
The Islamic period
Impact on musical genres and aesthetics
Theoretical developments
The modern period
Rhythmic organization
South India
North India
Musical forms and instruments
South India
North India
Interaction with Western music
Dance and theatre
The performing arts in India
Indian dance
Classical dance
The dance-drama
Techniques and types of classical dance
The
bharata natyam
school
The
kathakali
school
The
kathak
school
The
manipuri
school
The
kuchipudi
school
The
odissi
tradition
Other classical dance forms
Folk dance
Modern Indian dance
Dance-training centres
Indian theatre
Classical theatre
Folk theatre
Modern theatre
Sri Lanka
Dance
Tovil
dance
Kandyan
dance
Masked drama
Dance and theatre in Kashmir
Pakistan
Folk dance
Performing arts in the Punjab
Theatre in Pakistan
Parsi theatre
Radio and television plays
Bangladesh
Visual arts of India and Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
General characteristics of Indian art
The unity of Indian art
The materials of Indian art
Indian and foreign art
Indian art and religion
The artist and patron
The appreciation of Indian art
Indian architecture
Indus Valley civilization (
c.
2500–1800
bc
)
The Maurya period (
c.
321–185
bc
)
Early Indian architecture (2nd century
bc
–3rd century
ad
)
The Gupta period (4th–6th centuries
ad
)
Medieval temple architecture
Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style
Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Orissa
Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of central India
Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Rājasthān
Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Gujarāt
Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Karnataka
Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Kashmir
Medieval temple architecture: South Indian style
Medieval temple architecture: South Indian style of Tamil Nadu (7th–18th century)
Medieval temple architecture: South Indian style of Karnataka
Medieval temple architecture: South Indian style of Mahārāshtra, Andhradeśa, and Kerala
Islāmic architecture in India: period of the Delhi and provincial sultanates
Islāmic architecture in India: Mughal style
European traditions and the modern period
Indian sculpture
Indus valley civilization (
c.
2500–1800
bce
)
Mauryan period (
c.
3rd century
bce
)
Indian sculpture in the 2nd and 1st centuries
bce
Indian sculpture in the 2nd and 1st centuries
bce
: relief sculpture of northern and central India
Indian sculpture in the 2nd and 1st centuries
bce
: relief sculpture of Andhradesha
Indian sculpture in the 2nd and 1st centuries
bce
: relief sculpture of western India
Indian sculpture in the 2nd and 1st centuries
bce
: relief sculpture of Orissa
Indian sculpture in the 2nd and 1st centuries
bce
: sculpture in the round and terra-cotta
Indian sculpture from the 1st to 4th centuries
ce
Indian sculpture from the 1st to 4th centuries
ce
: Mathura
Indian sculpture from the 1st to 4th centuries
ce
: Gandhara
Indian sculpture from the 1st to 4th centuries
ce
: Andhradesha
Indian sculpture from the 1st to 4th centuries
ce
: terra-cotta
Gupta period (
c.
4th–6th centuries
ce
)
Gupta period: Mathura
Gupta period: Sarnath
Gupta period: central India
Gupta period: Maharashtra
Gupta period: other regions
Gupta period: terra-cotta
Medieval Indian sculpture
Medieval Indian sculpture: North India
Medieval Indian sculptures: southern India
Medieval Indian sculpture: Maharashtra and Karnataka
Indian painting
Prehistoric and protohistoric periods
Ancient wall painting
Eastern Indian style
Western Indian style
Transition to the Mughal and Rajasthani styles
Mughal style: Akbar period (1556–1605)
Mughal style: Jahāngīr period (1605–27)
Mughal style: Shāh Jahān period (1628–58)
Mughal style: Aurangzeb and the later Mughals (1659–1806)
Company school
Deccani style
Rajasthani style
Rajasthani style: Mewār
Rajasthani style: Būndi and Kotah
Rajasthani style: Mālwa
Rajasthani style: Mārwār
Rajasthani style: Bīkaner
Rajasthani style: Kishangarh
Rajasthani style: Jaipur (Amber)
Pahari style
Pahari style: Basohlī school
Pahari style: Kāngra school
Modern period
Indian decorative arts
Pre-Islāmic period
Islāmic period
General characteristics of Sri Lankan arts
Sri Lankan architecture
Sri Lankan sculpture
Sri Lankan painting
References & Edit History
Related Topics
Images & Videos
For Students
South Asian arts summary
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Contents
Home
Visual Arts
South Asian arts: Media
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Videos
Watch and hear a person playing the mridangam drum of the Karnatak music tradition
The
mridangam
, the principal drum of the Karnatak music tradition.
Video: Wesleyan Virtual Instrument Museum 2.0 (https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2)
Watch and hear a person playing the sarod, a stringed instrument of Hindustani music
The sarod, one of the principal melodic solo instruments of Hindustani music.
Video: Wesleyan Virtual Instrument Museum 2.0 (https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2)
Images
ghatam
The
ghatam
, an earthenware pot that is tapped with the fingers to provide...
Wesleyan Virtual Instrument Museum 2.0 (https://wesomeka.wesleyan.edu/vim2)
Pallavi Krishnan
Pallavi Krishnan performing “mohini attam”.
K K Gopalakrishnan
Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India: Mahabodhi temple
Mahabodhi temple, Bodh Gaya, Bihar state, India.
© RCH/Fotolia
Buddha sculpture at Mahabodhi temple
Buddha sculpture at Mahabodhi temple, Bodh Gaya, Bihar state, India.
© Rafal Cichawa/stock.adobe.com
elevation of a North Indian temple with the
latina
type of superstructure
Elevation of a North Indian temple with the
latina
type of superstructure.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
elevation of a North Indian temple with the
śekharī
type of superstructure
Elevation of a North Indian temple with the
śekharī
type of superstructure.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
plan of the sanctum of a South Indian temple
Plan of the sanctum of a South Indian temple.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
elevation of a South Indian temple with the
kū
ṭ
ina
type of superstructure
Elevation of a South Indian temple with the
kū
ṭ
ina
type...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Kailasa temple
Kailasa temple (cave 16), Ellora Caves, northwest-central Maharashtra state, India.
© Brad Pict/Fotolia
Delhi: Jāmiʿ Masjid
Jāmiʿ Masjid, Delhi.
Dennis Jarvis (CC-BY-2.0) (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
steatite seal
Steatite seal, Indus valley civilization,
c.
2300–
c.
1750
P. Chandra
steatite seal
Steatite seal, the Indus valley civilization,
c.
2300–
c.
1750
P. Chandra
Lion Capital of Ashoka
A replica of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which topped an ancient memorial pillar...
© Wrangel/Dreamstime.com
Gupta terra-cotta
Mithuna, terra-cotta sculpture from India, Gupta period, 5th century ce;...
Photograph by L. Mandle. Honolulu Academy of Arts, purchase, 2003 (12,476.1)
Ajanta Caves: reclining Buddha
Reclining Buddha statue, Ajanta Caves, north-central Maharashtra state, India.
© davidevison/stock.adobe.com
Sadashiva
Sadashiva
, stone relief in a cave temple on Elephanta Island, India.
© Saiko3p/Dreamstime.com
dagger with a horse-head handle
Dagger with a horse-head handle, steel, jade, gold, rubies, diamond, and emerald,...
Photograph by L. Mandle. Honolulu Academy of Arts, gift of Drs. Edmund J. and Julie Lewis, 2002 (11851.1)
Southern
gopura
of the Shiva temple at Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India,
c.
...
P. Chandra
Audio
tambura
The
tambura
providing a drone for a vocal rendition of a raga.
VIEW MORE
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