glass transition temperature

materials science

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amorphous solid transition states

  • Figure 1: The state of atomic motion.
    In amorphous solid: Distinction between crystalline and amorphous solids

    …point, and Tg is the glass transition temperature. In scenario 1 the liquid freezes at Tf into a crystalline solid, with an abrupt discontinuity in volume. When cooling occurs slowly, this is usually what happens. At sufficiently high cooling rates, however, most materials display a different behaviour and follow route…

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glass transformation range

  • Figure 2: The irregular arrangement of ions in a sodium silicate glass.
    In industrial glass: The glass transformation range

    …in Figure 1 is the glass transition temperature, or Tg; this would be located at the lower end of the transformation range.) In crystallization, on the other hand, the transition from liquid to solid takes place with essentially a discontinuous change in volume. In Figure 1 this abrupt transition is…

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  • Figure 2: The irregular arrangement of ions in a sodium silicate glass.
    In industrial glass: Viscosity

    65 poise, the annealing point by 1013 poise, and finally the strain point by 1014.5 poise. Upon further cooling, viscosity increases rapidly to well beyond 1018 poise, where it can no longer be measured meaningfully. (The softening point and working point of the major oxide glass families are…

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polymers

  • Figure 1: Three common polymer structures. The linear, branched, and network architectures are represented (from top), respectively, by high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and phenol formaldehyde (PF). The chemical structure and molecular structure of highlighted regions are also shown.
    In chemistry of industrial polymers: Amorphous and semicrystalline

    …this occurs is called the glass transition temperature; in the volume-temperature diagram it is indicated by the vertical dashed line labeled Tg, which intersects the amorphous and semicrystalline curves at points f and b. In the rubbery state above Tg, polymers demonstrate elasticity, and some can even be molded into…

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  • plastic soft-drink bottles
    In plastic: Physical states and molecular morphologies

    …which is set by the glass transition temperature or the melting temperature of the particular polymer. Below a certain temperature, known as the glass transition temperature (Tg), the molecules of a polymer material are frozen in what is known as the glassy state; there is little or no movement of…

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  • The random copolymer arrangement of styrene-butadiene copolymer. Each coloured ball in the molecular structure diagram represents a styrene or butadiene repeating unit as shown in the chemical structure formula.
    In elastomer: Polymers and elasticity

    …are glassy below a characteristic glass transition temperature (Tg), which ranges from as low as −125 °C (−195 °F) for an extremely flexible molecule such as polydimethyl siloxane (silicone rubber) to extremely high temperatures for stiff, bulky molecules. For both PS and PMMA, Tg is approximately 100 °C (212 °F).

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