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Imagine building a system that scales effortlessly, never crashes, and handles millions of users seamlessly. Sounds impossible? It’s not - it’s system design. Every high-performing system follows a set of essential principles that make it secure, scalable, and resilient. Let’s explore them: 1. Observability & Monitoring – Like having a control room for your system, with logging, tracing, and real-time monitoring using tools like Prometheus and OpenTelemetry. 2. Security & Compliance – Protecting data with encryption, API authentication, and zero-trust architecture to keep systems secure. 3. Distributed Systems – The backbone of large-scale applications. Caching, message queues, and leader election mechanisms keep everything running smoothly. 4. High Availability & Fault Tolerance – Backup strategies that ensure systems stay up even when failures happen, using failovers, redundancy, and disaster recovery. 5. Microservices & Architecture – From REST vs. gRPC to service discovery and circuit breakers, these patterns help prevent cascading failures and improve flexibility. 6. Database Design – Choosing between SQL and NoSQL, data partitioning, replication, and consistency trade-offs to optimize performance. 7. Scalability & Performance – Load balancing, caching, and auto-scaling ensure that systems can grow without breaking. Building a robust system isn’t just about writing code—it’s about designing for scale, security, and reliability. Master these concepts, and you’ll be ready to build systems that can handle anything. Explore more in the image below. Follow me at Shalini Goyal for more such information !