BIOMEDICA CRO’s Post

Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-Oxide: a novel target for the treatment of preeclampsia Pre-eclampsia (PE) is the most common complication of pregnancy and seriously threatens the health and safety of the mother and child. Studies have shown that an imbalance in gut microbiota can affect the progression of PE. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an intestinal microbiota-derived metabolite that is thought to be involved in the occurrence of PE; however, its causal relationship and mechanism remain unclear. In this clinical cohort study, including 28 patients with eclampsia and 39 matched healthy controls, fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and serum was collected for targeted metabolomics research. The results showed that the level of TMAO and the abundance of its source bacteria had significantly increased in patients with PE, and were positively correlated with the clinical progression of PE. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was applied to an antibiotic-depleted-treated mouse model and targeted inhibition of TMAO. The results of the FMT experiment revealed that mice that received fecal microbiota transplantation from patients with PE developed typical PE symptoms and increased oxidative stress and inflammatory damage, both of which were reversed by 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB), a TMAO inhibitor, which also improved pregnancy outcomes in the model mice. Similar results were obtained in the classical NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced PE mouse model. Mechanistically, TMAO promotes the progression of PE by regulating inflammatory and oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, affecting the migration and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells, as well as the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. Our results reveal the role and mechanism of gut microbiota and TMAO in the progression of PE, provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PE, and determines the potential application value of TMAO as a target for PE intervention. Source: Gut Microbes https://lnkd.in/eVXEeeFM

🌟Plasma Metanephrines in Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma🌟 📚The terms pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are often used interchangeably because morphologically and functionally these entities are the same. Paragangliomas that arise in the adrenal medulla are defined as pheochromocytomas, and those outside the adrenal gland are called Polymorphous adenocarcinoma will be the blanket term for tumours formerly designated as polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma or cribriform adenocarcinoma of Tongue/minor salivary glands. Specific grade has been removed from the PAC. Secretory carcinoma is introduced which has been previously called zymogen-poor acinic cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, NOS. paragangliomas. Common symptoms of pheochromocytomas are episodic and sudden onset of severe headaches, sweating, and abdominal pain, high blood pressure that may be resistant to conventional medications, rapid heart rate, irritability and anxiety. These tumours produce excess hormones called catecholamines, which are broken down to metanephrine. The Endocrine Society, European Society of Endocrinology, and American Association for Clinical Chemistry recommends that for patients who are being evaluated because of strong risk factors for a catecholamine-secreting tumour, such as those with known mutations for familial pheochromocytoma, the initial biochemical testing for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas should include measurements of plasma free metanephrine or urinary fractionated metanephrine. Genetic testing in all patients is recommended. Computed tomography is suggested for initial imaging, but magnetic resonance is a better option in patients with metastatic disease or when radiation exposure must be limited. 📚The plasma free metanephrine test measures the amount of metanephrine and nor-metanephrine in the blood. Measurements of plasma free metanephrine are used for initial biochemical testing for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and othertumours derived from neural crest cells. This test is somewhat more sensitive than 24-hour urinary fractionated metanephrine, likely because even small pheochromocytomas may continually leak metanephrine even if they are not actively secreting catecholamines. The test is also appropriate for individuals who are unable to perform an accurate 24-hour urine collection, such as young children. All patients with positive test results should receive appropriate follow-up according to the extent of increased values and clinical presentation. 📚There are some substances that can falsely increase the plasma metanephrine levels. So these should be avoided before getting tested for plasma metanephrine levels. These include: 📚 Tyrosine rich foods such as banana, cheese, caffeine, citrus fruits or nuts 📚Medications such as MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, lidocaine and clonidine etc. Sleep medications, anxiolytics and antihistamines. 📚Alcohol and smoking #Pheochromocytoma #AdrenalTumors #EndocrineDisorders #RareDiseases

🩺 #𝗣𝗖𝗢𝗦: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗢𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲 In recent years, the criteria for diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have evolved. Since the NIH Criteria in 1990 to the Rotterdam Criteria, we have seen significant advancements that highlight the diversity of PCOS: 1️⃣ 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗵 (𝗡𝗜𝗛) 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 - 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟬 The first formal diagnostic criteria for PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS required the presence of: 🔸 Clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism 🔸 Oligo- or anovulation ❌The criteria did not require the presence of polycystic ovaries. 2️⃣ 𝗥𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 - 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟯 The Rotterdam Consensus, endorsed by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), expanded the PCOS diagnostic criteria. With the presence of at least two of the following three criteria: 🔸 Oligo- or anovulation 🔸 Clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism 🔸 Polycystic ovaries detected via ultrasound 🔍This broader approach allowed for more diverse PCOS presentations. 3️⃣ 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗲𝘁𝘆 𝗚𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀 - 𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟯 In 2013, they endorsed the Rotterdam criteria with additional considerations: 🔸 Exclusion of other causes of hyperandrogenism and anovulation (e.g., congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing's syndrome) 🔸 Ultrasound should adhere to specific diagnostic standards and is recommended for adult women. 4️⃣ 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗚𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀: 𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱 The updated international guidelines, created by global experts, including the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology (ISGE) and the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (SREI), 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘂𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗳𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 but emphasize the evaluation of each patient’s phenotype and individual symptoms, stressing a multidisciplinary approach to managing associated metabolic risks, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. 🔹 𝗣𝗖𝗢𝗦 𝗣𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘁𝘆𝗽𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗞𝗲𝘆 Over time, research has identified 𝗣𝗖𝗢𝗦 𝗣𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘁𝘆𝗽𝗲𝘀, highlighting the need for a more personalized approach to diagnosis: 🟢 Phenotype A: Hyperandrogenism + ovulatory dysfunction + polycystic ovaries. 🟡 Phenotype B: Hyperandrogenism + ovulatory dysfunction (without polycystic ovaries). 🔵 Phenotype C: Hyperandrogenism + polycystic ovaries (with regular ovulation). 🟠 Phenotype D: Ovulatory dysfunction + polycystic ovaries (without hyperandrogenism, also known as the non-androgenic phenotype). Recognizing these phenotypes underscores the need for more tailored clinical management. #PCOS #PCOSTailoredTherapy #WomensHealth #PCOSphenotypes 👇 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸:

📃Scientific paper: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome; prevalence and association: a cross-sectional study in Syria Abstract: Background Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is considered the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged 40 years and older. BPH is related to sex steroids, but there are increasing studies investigating the relationship between the urinary symptoms and the metabolic syndrome. They still have inconsistent results; some reported a significant positive association, while others found no significant association. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in BPH patients and whether there is an association between symptoms linked to BPH and metabolic syndrome in the Syrian community. Methods The participants of this observational cross-sectional study were benign prostatic hyperplasia patients aged 40-year-old and older from Homs, Syria. An interview questionnaire was performed to collect data from all patients who visited the urology clinic of Homs Military Hospital in the period of January 10 to March 10, 2023. We used the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) to assess the urinary symptoms, and we used the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATPIII) criteria to define the metabolic syndrome. Results The final sample size was 426 patients. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 46.2%. Patients with metabolic syndrome had higher International Prostate Symptom Score compared to patients without metabolic syndrome (21 vs. 18, P  < 0.001), and 59.3% of patients with meta... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/pmu ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

📃Scientific paper: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome; prevalence and association: a cross-sectional study in Syria Abstract: Background Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is considered the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged 40 years and older. BPH is related to sex steroids, but there are increasing studies investigating the relationship between the urinary symptoms and the metabolic syndrome. They still have inconsistent results; some reported a significant positive association, while others found no significant association. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in BPH patients and whether there is an association between symptoms linked to BPH and metabolic syndrome in the Syrian community. Methods The participants of this observational cross-sectional study were benign prostatic hyperplasia patients aged 40-year-old and older from Homs, Syria. An interview questionnaire was performed to collect data from all patients who visited the urology clinic of Homs Military Hospital in the period of January 10 to March 10, 2023. We used the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) to assess the urinary symptoms, and we used the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATPIII) criteria to define the metabolic syndrome. Results The final sample size was 426 patients. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 46.2%. Patients with metabolic syndrome had higher International Prostate Symptom Score compared to patients without metabolic syndrome (21 vs. 18, P  < 0.001), and 59.3% of patients with meta... Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/pmu ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.

Last month, my first article entitled “Recurrent postmenopausal bleeding: Pathological findings and predictive factors. A multicenter, prospective, observational study” has been published in the journal Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica. Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is a common symptom in the general population and often results from endometrial abnormalities, both benign and malignant. Less is known on recurrent PMB and controversy exists as to whether recurrent bleeding leads to a higher risk of endometrial cancer (EC) compared to patients with a single presentation of PMB. In our prospective, observational study recurrent PMB occurred in about a quarter of women who experienced a previous episode of PMB. Although the risk of EC is lower in patients with recurrent versus a single episode of PMB, it is not negligible and accurate diagnostic workup remains recommended. Thanks to all co-authors: Anneroos van der Zande, Lucy van Werkhoven, Patricia Ewing, Bernadette Heemskerk en Lena van Doorn. https://lnkd.in/efdgeQ-n

Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer’s disease-like pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice https://lnkd.in/eS2f7-GA

Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer’s disease-like pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice https://lnkd.in/eS2f7-GA

Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer’s disease-like pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice https://lnkd.in/eS2f7-GA

Thematic Issue: Thyroid Disease 2024 Read our special collection of journal articles, published in 2022–2024: https://bit.ly/3wUXUuy  Journal of the Endocrine Society   •Operative Management of Thyroid Disease in Older Adults    •Thyroglobulin Cutoff Values for Detecting Excellent Response to Therapy in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer   •Stress-Induced Graves Disease: Spontaneous Recovery After Stress Relief  JCEM Case Reports   •Teprotumumab for Treatment of Pretibial Myxedema    •Hyperthyroidism Due to Graves Disease After Radiofrequency Ablation    •Gestational Transient Thyrotoxicosis Complicated by Thyroid Storm in a Patient with Hyperemesis Gravidarum  Endocrine Reviews   •Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Updates and Challenges    •Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer    •Levothyroxine: Conventional and Novel Drug Delivery Formulations  Endocrinology   •Thyroid Function and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Its Severity: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study    •Single Cell Analysis of Human Thyroid Reveals the Transcriptional Signatures of Aging •Mechanistic Insights of Thyroid Cancer Progression  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism   •Gut Microbiome Associated With Graves Disease and Graves Orbitopathy: The INDIGO Multicenter European Study    •Factors Predicting Long-term Outcome and the Need for Surgery in Graves Orbitopathy: Extended Follow-up From the CIRTED Trial    •Molecular Profiling of 50 734 Bethesda III-VI Thyroid Nodules by ThyroSeq v3: Implications for Personalized Management  #JCEM #JES #JCEMCaseReports #Endocrinology #EndocrineReviews #Thyroid