Brendan Jephcott’s Post

🔋 An excellent overview of the geographical distribution of #EVBattery and #MaterialSupplyChains, published in #Nature. 🔎 The study examines the relationship between electric vehicle battery chemistry and supply chain disruption vulnerability for four critical minerals: #lithium, #cobalt, #nickel, and #manganese. It compares the #nickelmanganesecobalt (#NMC) and #lithiumironphosphate (#LFP) cathode chemistries by mapping the supply chains, calculating a vulnerability index, and using network flow optimization to bound uncertainties. Find details in this open access publication: https://lnkd.in/eR_4jg8Y

To produce ternary cathode material, pCAM is mixed with lithium chemical salt and other raw materials and is sintered at a high-temperature. Since the high-temperature lithium mixing sintering process has little effect on the pCAM, the final ternary cathode material product ultimately inherits the underlying pCAM properties. Therefore, production high-performance ternary cathode material mainly relies on controlling the pCAM production process such as the ammonia concentration, pH value, reaction time, reaction atmosphere, solid content, flow rate, impurities and other indicators, which directly affect the structural and electrochemical performance of the ternary cathode and lithium-ion battery final product. Common pCAM production methods include solution-gel method, hydrothermal method, co-precipitation method, solid phase method, and redox method, of which the most widespread and commonly used pCAM production method is the co-precipitation method, which has advantages of precise stoichiometry, simple process and easy operation, easy-to-control conditions, and short synthesis cycle. The disadvantage is that the addition of precipitants may cause the generated particles to aggregate. #nickel #cobalt #manganese #lithium Continue reading: https://lnkd.in/gdXFBYhA

News Release: Lomiko Announces Excellent Results from La Loutre Graphite Testing with CRITM Grant and Corporate Update Belinda Labatte, CFA, MBA, ICD.D, CEO and Interim Chair of the Board stated: “Lomiko has now re-confirmed the suitability for the La Loutre graphite for battery anode material at the NRC lab with a comprehensive mandate that will now continue into Phase 2. In this phase, using thermal purification methods and a larger sample size, the electrochemical performance results surpassed the study results from the Polaris tests announced on April 1, 2024. Lomiko has now demonstrated that the La Loutre natural flake graphite performs well using all three standard purification methods: thermal, prepared and tested by the NRC, and alkaline and acid-based (prepared by ProGraphite and Corem), as tested by Polaris LLC.” https://lnkd.in/gVRY4Xwz #graphite #criticalminerals #electricfuture #EVrevolution #miningmatters #miningnews #MiningQuebec

More of solid state electrolyte - Sulfides Sulfides have the highest conductivity and processing performance, with the greatest potential, but they are still in the research and development stage. Sulfide ions have the highest conductivity and a soft texture that is easy to process. They can be squeezed to increase interfacial contact and improve battery performance. According to their crystal structure, sulfides can also be divided into 2 types: crystalline and amorphous. 🔥 1. The amorphous state is mainly LPS type (thiophosphate); 🔥 2. The crystalline states can be divided into Argyrodite type (sulfide silver germanium ore), LGPS type (lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur), and Thio LISICON type (sulfur lithium fast ion conductor). However, sulfide solid electrolytes have disadvantages such as high cost, poor electrochemical stability, poor air stability (in the presence of H2S in aquatic products), and difficult production processes, which limit their application in high-energy-density (high voltage, lithium metal) batteries. Currently, they are still in the research and development stage but have the greatest potential for future development. After breakthroughs, they may become the mainstream route in the future. In terms of material selection: 💧 LPSCl has a cost advantage and is expected to focus on the low-end product route. 💧 LGPS has the best comprehensive performance, but the raw material cost is high, and it is expected to focus on the mid to high-end product route. #LPSCl #LGPS #LPS #SulfideElectrolyte #SolidStateBattery

More of solid state electrolyte - Sulfides Sulfides have the highest conductivity and processing performance, with the greatest potential, but they are still in the research and development stage. Sulfide ions have the highest conductivity and a soft texture that is easy to process. They can be squeezed to increase interfacial contact and improve battery performance. According to their crystal structure, sulfides can also be divided into 2 types: crystalline and amorphous. 🔥 1. The amorphous state is mainly LPS type (thiophosphate); 🔥 2. The crystalline states can be divided into Argyrodite type (sulfide silver germanium ore), LGPS type (lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur), and Thio LISICON type (sulfur lithium fast ion conductor). However, sulfide solid electrolytes have disadvantages such as high cost, poor electrochemical stability, poor air stability (in the presence of H2S in aquatic products), and difficult production processes, which limit their application in high-energy-density (high voltage, lithium metal) batteries. Currently, they are still in the research and development stage but have the greatest potential for future development. After breakthroughs, they may become the mainstream route in the future. In terms of material selection: 💧 LPSCl has a cost advantage and is expected to focus on the low-end product route. 💧 LGPS has the best comprehensive performance, but the raw material cost is high, and it is expected to focus on the mid to high-end product route. #LPSCl #LGPS #LPS #SulfideElectrolyte #SolidStateBattery

More of solid state electrolyte - Sulfides Sulfides have the highest conductivity and processing performance, with the greatest potential, but they are still in the research and development stage. Sulfide ions have the highest conductivity and a soft texture that is easy to process. They can be squeezed to increase interfacial contact and improve battery performance. According to their crystal structure, sulfides can also be divided into 2 types: crystalline and amorphous. 🔥 1. The amorphous state is mainly LPS type (thiophosphate); 🔥 2. The crystalline states can be divided into Argyrodite type (sulfide silver germanium ore), LGPS type (lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur), and Thio LISICON type (sulfur lithium fast ion conductor). However, sulfide solid electrolytes have disadvantages such as high cost, poor electrochemical stability, poor air stability (in the presence of H2S in aquatic products), and difficult production processes, which limit their application in high-energy-density (high voltage, lithium metal) batteries. Currently, they are still in the research and development stage but have the greatest potential for future development. After breakthroughs, they may become the mainstream route in the future. In terms of material selection: 💧 LPSCl has a cost advantage and is expected to focus on the low-end product route. 💧 LGPS has the best comprehensive performance, but the raw material cost is high, and it is expected to focus on the mid to high-end product route. #LPSCl #LGPS #LPS #SulfideElectrolyte #SolidStateBattery

More of solid state electrolyte - Sulfides Sulfides have the highest conductivity and processing performance, with the greatest potential, but they are still in the research and development stage. Sulfide ions have the highest conductivity and a soft texture that is easy to process. They can be squeezed to increase interfacial contact and improve battery performance. According to their crystal structure, sulfides can also be divided into 2 types: crystalline and amorphous. 🔥 1. The amorphous state is mainly LPS type (thiophosphate); 🔥 2. The crystalline states can be divided into Argyrodite type (sulfide silver germanium ore), LGPS type (lithium germanium phosphorus sulfur), and Thio LISICON type (sulfur lithium fast ion conductor). However, sulfide solid electrolytes have disadvantages such as high cost, poor electrochemical stability, poor air stability (in the presence of H2S in aquatic products), and difficult production processes, which limit their application in high-energy-density (high voltage, lithium metal) batteries. Currently, they are still in the research and development stage but have the greatest potential for future development. After breakthroughs, they may become the mainstream route in the future. In terms of material selection: 💧 LPSCl has a cost advantage and is expected to focus on the low-end product route. 💧 LGPS has the best comprehensive performance, but the raw material cost is high, and it is expected to focus on the mid to high-end product route. #LPSCl #LGPS #LPS #SulfideElectrolyte #SolidStateBattery

The synthesis of cathode material pCAM by co-precipitation is a process involving a complex gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction in a hot solution. There are many factors that affect the stability of the system, and the control is cumbersome, and it is accompanied by the production of certain by-products. Therefore, in-depth understanding and precise control of various relevant parameters of the reaction system, such as ammonia concentration, pH value, reaction temperature, solid content, reaction time, component content, impurities, flow rate, reaction atmosphere, stirring intensity, can synthesize a high-vibration spherical pCAM that meets the requirements. #nickel #cobalt #manganese #lithium

Rise of Cobalt-free Ternary Cathode Material In the face of future market competition, continuously improving the cost performance and safety performance of products has become the development direction of the ternary cathode industry. The lithium chemical salt consumption of various product series of ternary cathode materials is relatively stable. However, in the remaining raw material cost structure, cobalt resources are scarce, prices are high and fluctuate greatly, so cobalt-free NCM ternary cathode materials are the current mainstream trend. Cobalt-free layered structure nickel-manganese binary can provide energy density comparable to ternary cathode materials in the fields of medium-nickel, medium-high nickel, and high-nickel. It has a relatively lower cost and thus has significant competitive advantages. At present, mainstream ternary cathode material companies are developing a series of cobalt-free layered structure nickel-manganese binary products with mass production capabilities. This series of products has been sold in small quantities to some downstream customers. As downstream customers in the industry mature in their application technology for low-cobalt and cobalt-free layered cathode materials, this series of products is expected to become an important core competitiveness in the future of the ternary cathode material industry. Keep reading: https://lnkd.in/gdXFBYhA #lithium #cobalt #nickel #manganese #lithiumionbatteries