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New semiconductor material promises more energy-efficient and powerful electronics. https://lnkd.in/e5-qA-BE #electronics #electronicsdesign #semiconductors #ic #nanotechnology #transistors #RF #highfrequency #engineering #engineeringdesign #electronicsengineering #materials #innovation #technology #tech

#TutorialSeries #14 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐌𝐎𝐒 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬: 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭-3 7. 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐌𝐎𝐒 𝐓𝐞𝐜𝐡𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 CMOS technology has been the dominant technology in semiconductor manufacturing for several decades, and it continues to evolve. However, as the size of transistors approaches the physical limits of Moore's Law, researchers are exploring new materials and technologies to overcome the challenges of scaling down CMOS devices further. Some of the promising advancements in CMOS technology include: 👉 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝑭𝑬𝑻𝒔 (𝑭𝒊𝒏 𝑭𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅-𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔): FinFETs are a type of 3D transistor that offers better performance and lower power consumption than traditional planar transistors. They are being used in advanced CMOS nodes for next-generation chips. 👉 𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈: Quantum computing represents a potential paradigm shift in computing. While CMOS-based classical computing is approaching its limits, quantum computing offers the possibility of performing certain types of calculations exponentially faster than classical systems. 👉 2𝑫 𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒔: Researchers are investigating the use of 2D materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which may offer better electrical properties and the ability to build smaller, more efficient transistors. 8. 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 CMOS technology is the foundation of modern VLSI design and has enabled the creation of smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient integrated circuits. Its low power consumption, scalability, and high-speed performance have made it the dominant technology for microprocessors, memory devices, and other digital systems. While challenges remain, advances in CMOS design and fabrication techniques continue to drive innovation in electronics. The future of CMOS technology holds exciting possibilities, with new materials and techniques pushing the boundaries of what is possible in integrated circuit design. Understanding CMOS technology is essential for anyone involved in electronics, semiconductor engineering, or VLSI design, as it forms the core of modern digital systems. #cmos #vlsi #semiconductors #digitalelectronics #logicgates #learnings #basics #finfet #quantumcomputing #materials #graphene #microprocessors #integratedcircuitdesign #interview #undergradute #postgraduate

In the evolving field of photonic IC design, successful collaboration between CMOS and photonics engineers is key. Semiconductor Engineering's new article, with commentary from #Synopsys, discusses what professionals in these fields need to know. Don't miss this insightful read. https://lnkd.in/gWDTGYJn #Photonics #SemiEngineering

High-Scoring Topics in Electronic Devices and Circuits (EDC) for GATE EC The Electronic Devices and Circuits (EDC) section in GATE Electronics and Communication (EC) typically carries 8–10 marks, making it an important subject for scoring well. Below are the most important topics based on weightage and ease of scoring: --- 1. Semiconductor Physics (2–3 Marks) ✅ Energy Bands in Semiconductors (Conduction Band, Valence Band, Bandgap) ✅ Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductors (Doping, Carrier Concentration Calculation) ✅ Fermi Level & Carrier Distribution ✅ Carrier Transport Mechanisms (Drift & Diffusion, Continuity Equation) ✔ Why Important? Carrier concentration & Fermi level questions appear frequently. Drift & Diffusion current calculations are easy to score. --- 2. PN Junction Diode & Its Applications (2–3 Marks) ✅ PN Junction Formation & Energy Band Diagram ✅ Diode Equation, I-V Characteristics & Temperature Effects ✅ Zener Diode & Voltage Regulation ✅ Special Diodes (Schottky, Tunnel, LED, Photodiode, Solar Cell, Varactor Diode) ✔ Why Important? I-V characteristics and diode equation questions are common. Zener diode & special diode applications are frequently asked. --- 3. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) (2–3 Marks) ✅ BJT Construction & Operation (Active, Cutoff, Saturation Modes) ✅ Current Components & Eber-Moll Model ✅ DC Biasing & Stability (Fixed Bias, Voltage Divider Bias) ✅ Small-Signal Equivalent Models (h-Parameter, Hybrid-Pi Model) ✔ Why Important? Biasing and stability analysis questions are common. Small-signal models are crucial for amplifier design questions. --- 4. Field Effect Transistor (FET) & MOSFET (2–3 Marks) ✅ JFET & MOSFET Construction & Characteristics ✅ MOSFET Capacitances & Small-Signal Model ✅ Threshold Voltage & Body Effect ✅ Short-Channel Effects in MOSFET (Velocity Saturation, Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering - DIBL) ✔ Why Important? MOSFET biasing & characteristics questions appear frequently. Short-channel effects are important for VLSI applications. --- 5. Optoelectronic & Power Devices (1–2 Marks) ✅ LED, LASER, Photodiode & Solar Cell ✅ SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, UJT & Their Applications ✔ Why Important? Conceptual & theoretical questions on optoelectronic devices appear. Power devices are occasionally asked but are easy to score. --- Preparation Strategy for Maximum Marks ✔ Solve Previous Year GATE Questions (PYQs) – Many concepts repeat with slight variations. ✔ Memorize Key Equations (Diode, BJT, MOSFET) – Saves time in calculations. ✔ Practice MOSFET & BJT Biasing Problems – High-weightage topic. ✔ Revise Semiconductor Physics Concepts – Frequently asked theoretical questions. ✔ Understand Special Diodes & Power Devices – Direct formula-based questions. Since EDC is fundamental for Semiconductor & VLSI Design, mastering it will also help in your career. Would you like book recommendations or problem-solving techniques?

Electronics is a branch of engineering and physics that deals with the study and application of electrical circuits and components for various purposes, including signal processing, communication, and control systems. Here's an overview of the core concepts, components, and applications of electronics: ### 1. Fundamental Concepts 1. **Voltage (V):** The electric potential difference between two points in a circuit. 2. **Current (I):** The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A). 3. **Resistance (R):** The opposition to the flow of current in a material, measured in ohms (Ω). 4. **Capacitance (C):** The ability of a component to store charge, measured in farads (F). 5. **Inductance (L):** The ability of a component to induce a voltage when the current flowing through it changes, measured in henrys (H). ### 2. Electronic Components 1. **Passive Components:** - **Resistors:** Devices that oppose the flow of current and are used to control voltage and current in a circuit. - **Capacitors:** Components that store and release electrical energy in a circuit. - **Inductors:** Components that store energy in a magnetic field when electrical current flows through them. 2. **Active Components:** - **Diodes:** Semiconductor devices that allow current to flow in one direction only, used for rectification. - **Transistors:** Semiconductor devices used to amplify or switch electronic signals. Types include Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and Field-Effect Transistors (FET). - **Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps):** Integrated circuits used for amplification, filtering, and other signal processing tasks. 3. **Other Components:** - **Integrated Circuits (ICs):** Miniaturized electronic circuits consisting of transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other components fabricated on a semiconductor chip. - **Microcontrollers:** ICs that contain a microprocessor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip, used for controlling electronic devices. - **Sensors:** Devices that detect changes in physical conditions (e.g., temperature, light, pressure) and convert them into electrical signals. ### 3. Circuit Types 1. **Analog Circuits:** - Deal with continuously variable signals. - Examples include amplifiers, oscillators, and filters. 2. **Digital Circuits:** - Deal with discrete binary signals (0 and 1). - Examples include logic gates, flip-flops, and microprocessors. 3. **Mixed-Signal Circuits:** - Combine analog and digital components to process both types of signals. ### Conclusion Electronics is a vast and dynamic field that underpins modern technology. It encompasses the study of electronic components and circuits, their design, and their application in a wide range of industries. Mastery of fundamental concepts, components, and tools is essential for innovation and advancement in this ever-evolving discipline.

🚀 Demystifying CMOS Single-Stage Op-Amp Design Across Technology Nodes! 🚀 Proud to share my latest work: a step-by-step design procedure for CMOS single-stage operational amplifiers that’s adaptable to any technology node, including 180nm, 90nm, and beyond. This guide is crafted to empower students, researchers, and professionals with the knowledge to create high-performance op-amps, a critical component of analog circuit design. 💡 Key Highlights: ✅ Comprehensive step-by-step methodology for designing CMOS single-stage op-amps. ✅ Techniques for optimizing gain, bandwidth, slew rate, and power consumption. ✅ Insights into scalability across technology nodes, making the design future-proof. ✅ Tips for overcoming challenges in advanced process nodes. 🔧 Applications in Analog Circuit Design: Signal Conditioning: Amplifying and filtering weak signals. Data Conversion Circuits: As input stages for ADCs and DACs. Oscillators and Filters: Building blocks for signal processing. Voltage Regulation: Foundational elements of low-dropout regulators (LDOs). Sensor Interfaces: Amplifying outputs from sensors for precise readings. Communication Systems: Essential in modulators, demodulators, and active filters. This design procedure bridges the gap between theory and application, offering a robust foundation for designing versatile, efficient op-amps for a wide range of applications. Let’s continue pushing the boundaries of analog and mixed-signal design to fuel the next wave of innovation in electronics! 🌟 📩 I’d love to connect with you! Feel free to reach out for discussions, collaborations, or knowledge sharing. #VLSIDesign #AnalogCircuits #CMOS #OpAmpDesign #ElectronicsInnovation #SemiconductorTechnology

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors (SCs) exhibit intriguing optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. * Due to their extraordinarily large optical absorption coefficients, #transitionmetaldichalcogenides (TMDs) are gaining more and more attention for photovoltaic applications. Improving the device performance of a #TMD #solarcell requires an optimal device architecture and reliable fabrication processes. * Improving the device performance of a TMD solar cell requires an optimal device architecture and reliable fabrication processes. * In the article “High-Performance and Lithography-Free Au/WS2/Ag Vertical Schottky Junction Solar Cells” Anh Thi Nguyen, Jun Wang, Eunseo Cho, Seoyoung Lim, Soyeong Kwon, Jungeun Song, Keya Zhou and Dong-Wook Kim describe how they fabricated Au/WS2/Ag vertical #Schottkydiodes and investigated their #photovoltaiccharacteristics. * Metal/WS2-multilayer/metal heterojunctions were fabricated using lithography-free processes. 20 nm thick #WS2 flakes were exfoliated on template-stripped Ag bottom electrodes, and then 10 nm thick Au top electrodes with a diameter of 2 µm were evaporated on the WS2 surface using holey carbon films as shadow masks. * #CurrentsensingAtomicForceMicroscope measurements revealed that the Au/WS2/Ag devices exhibit prominent rectifying characteristics, indicating the formation of Schottky diodes. * The #surfacemorphology and the local current of the samples were simultaneously measured using a current-sensing atomic force microscopy ( #cAFM) system in a glove box. For transport measurements with nanoscopic spatial resolution, a wear-resistant highly doped NANOSENSORS™ PointProbe® Plus conductive diamond-coated #AFMtip with a typical spring constant of 0.5 N m and a typical resonance frequency of 20 kHz (CDT-CONTR AFM probe type https://lnkd.in/dPAV7ct ) was employed. * The power conversion efficiency of the Schottky junction was as high as 5.0%, when illuminated by a light-emitting diode with a peak wavelength of 625 nm and a power density of 2.5 mW cm−2. These devices also possess broadband and incident-angle-insensitive absorption capability due to the very large refractive indices and extremely small thickness of the WS2 flakes. The simple fabrication procedures proposed in the article by Anh Thi Nguyen et al. demonstrate high-performance and high-yield TMD photovoltaic devices.* Please have a look at the NANOSENSORS blog for the full citation and a direct link to the full article. https://lnkd.in/e2kBgqBE #電流検出用原子間力顕微鏡 #templatestripmethod  #photovoltaics #TMDsolarcell #MaterialsScience #AFM探针 #AFMprobes #atomicforcemicroscopy

Mixed Signal? What is this? (Be careful, a non-engineer is trying to explain something!!!) 🤨 In the microelectronics industry, the integration of analog and digital circuits, known as mixed-signal technology, plays a pivotal role. This technology is essential for creating systems that can process both analog and digital signals, enabling a wide range of applications from consumer electronics to advanced communication systems. 📱 📡 Mixed-signal technology involves the seamless integration of analog and digital components on a single chip (or system). Analog circuits handle continuous signals, such as sound and radio waves, while digital circuits process discrete signals, like binary data. The challenge is to make sure these two types of circuits operate in harmony, which demands advanced design and engineering skills. What jobs or positions are available in the mixed-signal area? Here are a few examples: - Mixed Signal Design Engineer: Responsible for the design and implementation of mixed-signal circuits on ICs. - Analog/Mixed Signal Verification Engineer: Focuses on verifying and validating mixed-signal designs to ensure they meet specifications. - Mixed Signal Layout Engineer: Specializes in the physical layout of mixed- signal circuits on semiconductor chips. Why am I telling you this when most of you already know it? I want to use my (modest) reach to continually highlight aspects of the fascinating industry I have the honor of serving. A small homage from time to time. 👍 Finally, I would like to refer to the famous Star Trek quote: "I am a mixed signal engineer, not a doctor." Ok, It's possible that I'm misquoting something here. 🤔 😅 Feel free to correct me! P.s.: If you are looking for a job/project in the area of mixed signal, please contact me. #WeAreHays #MixedSignal

It's 2025 ! 🎉 Which professionals will be in high demand for photonics companies? The photonics industry is growing fast, driven by technological advancements like photonic integrated circuits, quantum systems, and optical communications. There’s a sharp focus on finding the right talent to lead the charge.  Here’s where the biggest hiring needs are right now: 👇 💡Photonics Engineers   Photonics engineers are at the heart of innovation, designing and improving critical technologies such as lasers, PICs, and advanced optical systems.   Skills in demand: 🔹Simulation tools like Lumerical or Optiwave. 🔹Expertise in PIC design and testing. 🔹Knowledge of materials like silicon photonics and III-V semiconductors.   💡Sales & Business Development Leaders (With Technical Expertise) The photonics industry needs commercial leaders who understand the technology and can position it in the market.   Skills in demand: 🔹Strong networks in industries like aerospace and data centers. 🔹Deep technical understanding of photonics applications. 🔹Proven track record in scaling technical products globally. 💡Product Managers As photonics products become more complex, product managers with both technical and market knowledge are in high demand. These professionals ensure products meet customer needs while aligning with broader business goals.   Skills in demand: 🔹End-to-end product lifecycle management. 🔹Market analysis and customer-centric design. 🔹Experience scaling niche technologies. We work with a range of interesting and growing companies in Telecom, Datacom, Semiconductors, Optical sensing, AV/VR, Aerospace and Defence, amongst others... Whether you're an engineer, a technical sales leader, or a product strategist, 2025 could well be your year to shine! Make it so! get in touch for a confidential chat - chris.brooker@intechsearch.com #Photonics #Engineering #TechCareers #Innovation #BusinessGrowth