European Solar Telescope’s Post

𝘚𝘶𝘯𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘵 𝘤𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 #𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬: 𝐚 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐲 🌞 The Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA) and Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics camera (HARDcam) instruments are high cadence broad-band imagers installed as common-user instruments on the Dunn Solar Telescope at the National Solar Observatory in New Mexico since 2012. They are capable of imaging the lower solar atmosphere at frame rates exceeding 30 frames-per-second with a diffraction-limited spatial sampling of 0.069 arcsecs/pixel.   The images show the variation of the active region with height in the solar atmosphere. Height increases from left to right in these images. The green image is a snapshot of the photosphere. The blue image shows the boundary between the upper photosphere and the lower chromosphere. The red image shows the highest region observed by HARDcam, corresponding to the upper chromosphere. These images show how features change across the solar atmosphere and how they are related.   📸 Image credit: Peter H. Keys, David B. Jess (QUB)   More information about Sunspot chromosphere and other solar phenomena in the EST Solar Gallery 👇🏻 https://lnkd.in/dntvbDcv   #ESFRI #ERIC #ResearchInfraestructures #solarphysics #Sun #Astronomy

𝘚𝘶𝘯𝘴𝘱𝘰𝘵 𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘣𝘳𝘪𝘥𝘨𝘦𝘴 #𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬: 𝐚 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐲 🌞 Chromospheric fan-shaped jets ejected from the light bridge of a decaying sunspot. These jets extend to several thousands of kilometers and move at hundreds of km/s. They are driven by magnetic reconnection between the umbral field and the more horizontal field of the light bridge. 📸 Image credits:Credit: Carolina Robustini (ISP) 🔭 Observations: Gregal Vissers, Ainar Drews, Luc Rouppe van der Voort and Torben Leifsen (ITA/Oslo) Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope More information on this solar phenomenon here ⬇️ https://lnkd.in/dXjxZve2 #ESFRI #ERIC #ResearchInfraestructures #solarphysics #Sun #Astronomy

𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗦 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗽𝗲   Owner: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France)    The Heliographic Telescope for the Study of Magnetism and Solar Instabilities is located at Observatorio del Teide in Tenerife, 2400 m above the sea level. Its design allows for high-accuracy spectropolarimetry of the solar surface together with high-resolution monochromatic imaging. The telescope is filled with helium to improve image quality.   With a 90 cm primary mirror, this is currently the fourth largest solar telescope in the world.   More information about THEMIS and other European solar telescopes and observatories in the Solar Telescope Gallery. ⬇️   🔗 https://lnkd.in/eVWJwK5   #ESFRI #ERIC #ResearchInfraestructures #solarphysics #Sun #Astronomy

Dr. Mark Cheung https://lnkd.in/gFHT5gwN is CSIRO Science Director for #Space and #Astronomy gives a feel about the scope of #sunspot #magneticfields. "Magnetic fields within sunspots are comparable in strength to an #MRI machine, but the size of entire planets," Mark said. When sunspots collide, it stresses the magnetic bundles until they snap. This leads to #solarflares and eruptions. Ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from flares puff up our outer atmosphere, reaching Earth in under nine minutes. This radiation increases drag on satellites and can also disturb the #ionosphere, causing radio blackouts and leading to strong auroras. Heavier particles, such as protons, take about 15 minutes to reach the Earth. These "Solar Energetic Particles" can damage the electronics of #satellites in orbit. They can even increase the #radiationdose experienced by passengers and crew on flights near the poles. In more extreme cases, entire bundles of magnetic plasma—a coronal mass ejection (CME)—can be flung toward Earth. CMEs travel at thousands of kilometers per second. If aligned just right with the Earth's magnetosphere, they can have an enormous impact. This is why #spaceweather forecasts are important. Accurate and timely warnings are important to provide airlines time to re-route planes, satellite operators time to tweak their orbits, and communities the opportunity to prepare for power or radio blackouts. NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration’s space weather observation primarily involves the usage of various instruments through either satellites or ground segments. https://lnkd.in/gYEySdwR Each country has their own weather center. In #Australia the Bureau of Meteorology is the Government's lead agency in space weather and operates the Australian Space Weather Forecasting Center. https://lnkd.in/gj-NCAVf In the US its Space Weather Prediction Center of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ while in Canada it's space weather #Canada https://lnkd.in/gwXCbNbH and #Europe has #ESA Space Weather Service Network https://lnkd.in/gySqZfrN

𝘍𝘪𝘭𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘴 #𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬: 𝐚 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐲 🌞 Solar filaments are best seen using an H-alpha filter, visible even with amateur telescopes, and resemble dark clouds which lie in the upper atmosphere of the Sun, the chromosphere and corona. Since many decades, solar physicists have tried to explain how filaments are formed, how they remain stable in the solar atmosphere and why they are sometimes violently expelled into space.   This image shows a possible scenario of a stable filament. The surface is represented by a continuum image and the filament (upper black structure) by an H-alpha image, both observed with the Dutch Open Telescope (La Palma, Spain). The magnetic field lines were inferred and interpreted using observations from the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (Tenerife, Spain). They are shown in different colors depending on their location on the Sun. In the image it is seen that the magnetic field lines support the filament's plasma against gravity. Furthermore, the field lines are responsible for the stability of the filament.   📸 Image credit: Christoph Kuckein (AIP)   More information about filaments and other solar phenomena in the EST Solar Gallery ⬇️ https://lnkd.in/dntvbDcv   #ESFRI #ERIC #ResearchInfraestructures #solarphysics #Sun #Astronomy

🔭✨ #Exoplanets are found outside our solar system, and one way scientists study these distant planets – such as gaseous giants – is by measuring their #atmospheric composition. This can reveal fundamental properties like formation mechanisms and internal structures. Arthur Vigan and colleagues at the Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille designed a new 'demonstrator' instrument that combines the capabilities of two existing instruments on the #ESO Very Large Telescope (#VLT) in #Chile. This advancement offers clearer insights into exoplanet atmospheres More from #CORDIS 👉 https://bit.ly/45UZ072 You can also read this article in Deutsch, Español, Français, Italiano & Polski. Just click on the link and then select the language option at the top of the page. #FrontierResearch European Southern Observatory

Formation of a new solar system In the image above you can see the first ever detailed image of the formation of a new solar system, taken by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope. The system, located about 450 light-years from Earth, is very similar to our own. When we first saw this image, we were shocked by the incredible level of detail in this image. The HL Tauri system is no more than one million years old, but it has already acquired a disk shape and is full of planets forming in it. This image alone could revolutionize the theory of planet formation, says Katherine Vlahakis, ALMA project lead scientist. This photograph is truly impressive, as it depicts in great detail the initial formation of a new planetary system. The photo clearly shows concentric rings where matter is formed. This matter will concentrate around a specific location and eventually form a planet. In addition, these rings are unique markers of the future orbits of the emerging planets. According to ALMA scientists, the new data allows us to take a huge step forward in understanding the formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks and the ultimate formation of planets. Scientists were incredibly surprised and even somewhat pleasantly shocked to learn that the star similar to our Sun, located inside the center of the protoplanetary disk in the photo, is only one million years old. If you've read the article this far please like and subscribe - it really helps the channel. Open the link to find thousands of interesting articles: https://lnkd.in/dYdAdmgE #nikolaysgeneticslessons

Nebulae. Just gas. Three types of nebulae are here: Dark nebula, just black. Emission nebula, made of ionized hydrogen from nearby UV-emitting stars, glow in red. Reflection nebula, just lit by nearby stars, any color. In the center, the horsehead nebula, Barnard 33, a dark one. A little-bit up, NGC2023, looking like a cloud in front of a star, reflection-type. Up-right, the flame nebula, NGC2024, an emission one (it looks like a bush to me). All this belongs to the Orion nebula complex, the stellar nursery closest to home. Counting photons for seven hours in Barcelona through a 5 cm telescope.

A powerful solar flare has been spat out from the very same sunspot that caused the spectacular northern lights displays on May 10. The May 29 solar flare was measured to be an X1.4-class flare, one of the most powerful types of flare, and caused radio blackouts across the U.S. and Western Europe. The sunspot that released the flare, now named AR3697, was called AR3664 and was around 15 times the size of Earth when it released a series of coronal mass ejections that slammed into the Earth, triggering a geomagnetic storm that sparked auroras to be seen in all 50 U.S. states and even Mexico. After spending several weeks on the other side of the star as it rotated, the sunspot is back, and while it's smaller, it's still spewing out flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Solar flares cause radio blackouts because they increase the ionization of the Earth's ionosphere. Radio communications, particularly those using high-frequency (HF) bands, rely on the ionosphere to reflect signals back to Earth, enabling long-distance communication. Aside from causing radio blackouts, solar flares can have a variety of other impacts on both technology and human activities. Increased radiation can damage or disrupt the electronics and sensors on satellites, and enhanced atmospheric drag caused by heating and expansion of Earth's upper atmosphere can alter satellite orbits, requiring adjustments to avoid collisions or loss of function. Additionally, increased radiation levels at high altitudes pose a health risk to flight crews and passengers, or astronauts aboard the ISS. Solar flares can also interfere with the accuracy of GPS signals, leading to navigation errors. A CME was also released from the sunspot at the same time as this solar flare, and is currently on its way towards the Earth. NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center forecasts that the CME may slam into the Earth between May 31 and June 1, and trigger a G2 geomagnetic storm. This could lead to auroras being seen more south than usual, but not as far south as they did during the May 10 G5 storm. #weather #geomagnetic #solarstorm #flares #blackout #disruption https://lnkd.in/g32d3pPU