Fermilab’s Post

This is a boost to the long term success of these experiments. This is a great development. This is another example of the technological development and engineering that goes on in the pursuit of cutting edge science at America’s national laboratories.

Cool article below! Contractors rock!! It’s cool what foundational science brings to the table. Really any science brings to the table. When the scientists share the work they do, most times it take a world of businesses to support the science. In most cases these businesses have to develope new products or technologies to support the project. When labs write their procurement contracts for supplies, we put in the quality we expect and sometimes it doesn’t exist. That’s when the real work happens. Cultivating the business relationship to work with each other to get as close to the goal is the goal. Enjoy your Sunday, and think about what you are asking of your contractors. They may be struggling.

𝗙𝗿𝗼𝘇𝗲𝗻 𝗻𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗴𝗮𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿 Researchers at European XFEL, CUI members et al. have taken a closer look at the formation of the first crystallisation of nuclei in supercooled liquids. They found: The formation starts much later than previously assumed. The findings could help to better understand the creation of ice in clouds in the future and to describe some processes inside the Earth more precisely. Every child knows that water freezes into ice when it gets icy cold. For water, this normally happens below zero degrees Celsius, the melting temperature of water. This is a fixed point on the Celsius temperature scale that we use. However, the transition from the liquid to the solid phase is a very complex process and is difficult to study experimentally at the atomic level. One reason for this is that crystals are formed randomly: You don't know exactly when and where it will happen. Furthermore, a liquid can remain in a metastable state for a long time: It remains liquid even though it should actually freeze and become solid. This makes it extraordinarily difficult to pinpoint the right moment for a crystal to form and watch its growth. However, these effects are highly relevant in nature. For example, they play a decisive role in the formation of ice in clouds or in processes inside Earth. 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 https://lnkd.in/enxcpygg American Physical Society #Nucleation #CondensedMatter #Materials #AppliedPhysics AFFILIATIONS Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Università degli Studi di Milano GSI Helm holtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research Institut Lumière Matière Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft #Liquids #Xraydiffraction #Xrayimaging

Here, we show that it is possible, with an appropriate extrapolation to infinite temporal scale and zero spatial scale, to determine equilibrium free energies, without work measurement, by analysing the stochastic trajectories of single biomolecules or other nanoscale, fluctuating systems as they spontaneously relax from a non-equilibrium initial state. We validate the method with simulations and demonstrate its application by determining the free-energy profile for DNA molecules in a structured nanofluidic environment with an experimental protocol that mimics many natural processes with energy injection followed by thermal relaxation. https://lnkd.in/gDWFiPUW

𝐑𝐨𝐲𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: "𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐗-𝐑𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠". The Royal Society of Chemistry has published the book "𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐗-𝐑𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠" with a number of significant contributions from MBI researchers. Edited by MBI scientists Kasra Amini, Arnaud Rouzée and Marc Vrakking, the book contains 16 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐛𝐲 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐗-𝐫𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐠𝐚𝐬 𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬, 𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐲. Notable contributions from MBI colleagues Bastian Pfau and Stefan Eisebitt from MBI Division of “Transient Electronic Structure and Nanophysics” provide valuable insights into X-ray resonance scattering and holography of magnetisation dynamics. Meanwhile, MBI researchers from Division C of “Precision Physics”, Christoph Hauf, Michael Woerner and Thomas Elsaesser, provide extensive details on femtosecond X-ray diffraction with laser-driven hard X-ray sources in the study of nuclear motions and transient charge densities. Written for both the novice and the experienced researcher, the book is divided into two parts. Part I contains three introductory chapters on ultrafast molecular spectroscopy in the gas phase, ultrafast spectroscopy in solids, and the theory of time-dependent scattering. Part II, with 13 chapters, covers the state of the art in X-ray and electron scattering. 𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤: https://lnkd.in/eqzM2KEV

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) looks at quantum vortexes. This research challenges long-standing theories in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) by revealing that quark liquids differ fundamentally from nucleon liquids due to the unique “color-magnetic field” in their vortices, a phenomenon not observed in nucleon liquids. https://lnkd.in/ewGR-k7A

#DidYouKnow that the late 17th-century Paris Observatory was pivotal in revolutionizing our understanding of light speed? Descartes and Aristotle believed light to be instantaneous, but empirical evidence suggested otherwise. In this article, PI USA - PI (Physik Instrumente) L.P. explores how optical delay lines have evolved since then to play a crucial role in contemporary techniques like transient absorption #spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Dive into the details here! #nanopositioning

🌟 We are greeting the weekend with the second episode of #NanoCOSY, where all Subnano- and Nanoclusters Shine! 🌟 🔍 This week we present the latest papers within the COSY COST ACTION CA21101 exploring helium nanodroplets and nanoclusters: ✔Nadine Halberstadt and co-workers addressed the collision of two superfluid He nanodroplets within the framework of liquid 4He time-dependent density functional theory at zero temperature, finding that quantized vortices may be readily nucleated for reasonable collision parameters. Article at: https://lnkd.in/dhJDGKed ✔Pablo Villarreal, Rita Prosmiti, and co-workers investigated the structures and energetics of Li-doped He clusters using evolutionary programming optimizations and classical molecular dynamics simulations. The findings suggest potential influences of microsolvation effects on short-time solute-solvent dynamics and slow ion mobility in He droplets. Article at: https://lnkd.in/dbyXACPY ✔Berta Fernandez, Martí Pi and MARÍA PILAR DE LARA-CASTELLS prove the impact of the charge of immersed metal species in helium nanodroplet-mediated surface deposition. By combining high-level ab initio intermolecular interaction theory with a full quantum description of the superfluid helium nanodroplet motion, evidence is presented that the fundamental mechanism of soft-deposition is preserved in spite of the much stronger interaction of charged species with surfaces. Article at: https://lnkd.in/dp7ERF96 ✔Florian Lackner, Wolfgang E. Ernst, Marina Šekutor and co-workers introduced diamondoid ethers into superfluid helium nanodroplets for analysis using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Their study revealed that diamondoid ethers readily self-assemble within helium nanodroplets, driven by London dispersion forces among hydrocarbon subunits. Article at: https://lnkd.in/d9J-C7xU ✔Marcel Mudrich and co-workers investigated the dynamics of avalanche ionization in pure helium nanodroplets activated by a weak extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse and driven by an intense near-infrared (NIR) pulse. This study highlights the potential of XUV irradiation to induce long-lasting changes in the optical properties of nanoparticles. Article at: https://lnkd.in/dkzAtyqv ✔Ltaief Ben Ltaief and co-workers found that Interatomic Coulombic Decay (ICD) remains efficient in large helium nanodroplets even when exposed to weak synchrotron radiation at low photon energies. These findings highlight the significance of secondary processes like electron scattering and recombination in driving ICD in condensed phase systems. Article at: https://lnkd.in/dMjMfTf9 Congratulations to all co-Authors! 👏 #COSYscience

Valence-unstable states of Lanthanides in intermetallic compounds may lead to technologically important quantum states. Praseodymium compounds are typically trivalent, so discovering tetravalent Pr intermetallics is of interest in the pursuit of species with electronic instabilities. A recent paper by #SCGSR awardee Trent K., Gregory McCandless, and Julia Chan of Baylor University, in collaboration with Ellis Kennedy and Mary C. Scott of Berkeley Lab, and Jorge Galeano-Cabral and Ryan E. Baumbach of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory provide an example of such a compound, and demonstrate that a combination of in situ X-ray diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) reveal important details on electronic and magnetic structure that cannot be captured with bulk magnetic measurements. Check out their interesting paper in Science Advances Science Magazine https://lnkd.in/eK6qV37N

📃Scientific paper: Simulating Electromagnetic Cascades with Lorentz Invariance Violation Abstract: Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) is a phenomenon featuring in various quantum gravity models whereby Lorentz symmetry is broken at high energies, potentially impacting the behaviour of particles and their interactions. Here we investigate the phenomenology of LIV within the context of gamma-ray-induced electromagnetic cascades. We conduct detailed numerical simulations to explore the expected manifestations of LIV on gamma-ray fluxes, taking into account relevant effects such as pair production and inverse Compton scattering. Additionally, we consider processes forbidden in the Standard Model, namely vacuum Cherenkov emission and photon decay. Our analysis reveals that these modifications result in distinct characteristics within the measured particle fluxes at Earth, which have the potential to be observed in high-energy gamma-ray observations. ;Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures Continued on ES/IODE ➡️ https://etcse.fr/jhC ------- If you find this interesting, feel free to follow, comment and share. We need your help to enhance our visibility, so that our platform continues to serve you.