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Ophthopedia Update:Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting various organs. Ocular involvement, particularly retinopathy, is common, emphasizing the significance of early detection. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), a non-invasive imaging technique, reveals microvascular changes, aiding SLE diagnosis and monitoring. This study evaluates OCTA's effectiveness in detecting SLE-related retinal alterations. A systemic search was undertaken across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify studies presenting OCTA measurements in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. #Ophthalmology #Eye #Ophthotwitter

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death, distinguished from apoptosis, autophagy, and programmed necrosis and has received much attention since it was defined in 2012. Ferroptotic cells physiologically exhibit iron metabolism dysregulation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Morphologically, they show plasma membrane disruption, cytoplasmic swelling, and mitochondrial condensation. Osteoporosis is taken more and more seriously as the proportion of the aging population continues to increase globally. Interestingly, ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be involved in the development and progression of osteoporosis in many extant studies. The review summarizes iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and the different regulatory signals in ferroptosis. Changes in signaling mechanisms within osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes after ferroptosis occur are explained here. Studies showed ferroptosis play an important role in different osteoporosis models (diabetes osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis). Inhibitors and EC (Exos) targeting ferroptosis could ameliorate bone loss in osteoporotic mice by protecting cells against lipid peroxidation. Shortly, we hope that more effective and appropriate clinical therapy means will be utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis. Read more on 📄 An update on the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis https://bit.ly/3AJqz7O ✒️ Xinhui Wu, Xiaoxin Fang, Feng Lu, Qiong Chen, Junjian Liu, and Longpo Zheng #ferroptosis #osteoporosis #lipidperoxidation #oxidativestress #plasmamembrane #osteoblast #osteoclast #osteocytes #OpenReviews #orthopedics #orthopaedics #surgery #openaccess

Ophthopedia Update:Diabetic retinopathy: New concepts of screening, monitoring, and interventions: The science of diabetes care has progressed to provide a better understanding of the oxidative and inflammatory lesions and pathophysiology of the neuro-vascular unit within the retina (and brain) that occur early in diabetes, even pre-diabetes. Screening for retinal structural abnormalities, has traditionally been performed by fundus examination or color fundus photography; however, these current imaging techniques detect the disease only when there are sufficient lesions, predominantly hemorrhagic, that are recognized to occur late in the disease process after significant neuronal apoptosis and atrophy as well as microvascular occlusion with alterations in vision. #Ophthalmology #Eye #Ophthotwitter

#spinalcordinjury #Ferroptosis #vascularendothelialcell #bloodspinalcordbarrier #recovery Ferroptosis inhibition protects vascular endothelial cells and maintains integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord injury https://lnkd.in/gnKwqj4A Maintaining the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier is critical for the recovery of spinal cord injury. Ferroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that ferroptosis is involved in disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier. In this study, we administered the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 intraperitoneally after contusive spinal cord injury in rats. Liproxstatin-1 improved locomotor recovery and somatosensory evoked potential electrophysiological performance after spinal cord injury. Liproxstatin-1 maintained blood-spinal cord barrier integrity by upregulation of the expression of tight junction protein. Liproxstatin-1 inhibited ferroptosis of endothelial cell after spinal cord injury, as shown by the immunofluorescence of an endothelial cell marker (rat endothelium cell antigen-1, RECA-1) and ferroptosis markers Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 and 15-lipoxygenase. Liproxstatin-1 reduced brain endothelial cell ferroptosis in vitro by upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 and downregulating Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 and 15-lipoxygenase. Furthermore, inflammatory cell recruitment and astrogliosis were mitigated after liproxstatin-1 treatment. In summary, liproxstatin-1 improved spinal cord injury recovery by inhibiting ferroptosis in endothelial cells and maintaining blood-spinal cord barrier integrity.

Ophthopedia Update:Neurotrophic keratopathy: General features and new therapies.: Neurotrophic keratopathy is an uncommon degenerative corneal disorder characterized by compromised corneal sensory innervation, resulting in the formation of epithelial defects and nonhealing corneal ulcers. Various treatment modalities are available to stabilize disease progression, improve patient well-being, and prevent vision loss. For eligible patients, medical and surgical reinnervation have emerged as pioneering therapies, holding promise for better management. This article presents a comprehensive review of the disease, providing an update relevant to ophthalmologists on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment options, and novel therapies targeting pathophysiological pathways. #Ophthalmology #Eye #Ophthotwitter

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate gland enlargement, is very common in older men. By age 60, over one-half of men have BPH; by age 85, the number climbs to 90%, according to the American Urological Association (AUA). An enlarged prostate gland can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, such as increased urges to urinate, especially at night. It can also cause bladder, urinary tract, or kidney problems. Busch Center highly recommends TUSLA (Transurethral Directional High-Intensity Ultrasound Ablation) to treat BPH. TULSA technology works by delivering precise/directional doses of high-intensity ultrasound waves to destroy enlarged prostate tissue while actively protecting surrounding healthy tissue. 

“For diabetic retinopathy, early detection of the disease and intervention leads to improvements in patient outcomes, reduction in costs, and overall reduces the burden on the health system long term,” said John Bertrand, Co-Founder and CEO of Digital Diagnostics. Listen to this Ophthalmology Times interview for more insights from John on the benefits of preliminary testing for diabetic retinopathy and the role AI plays in early detection of the disease: https://hubs.la/Q02v9tw40 #DigitalDiagnostics #LumineticsCore #DigitalHealth #AI

Ophthopedia Update:Isolated retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity: clinical associations and prognostic implications: Isolated retinal neovascularization (IRNV) is a common finding in patients with stage 2 and 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study aims to further classify the clinical course and significance of these lesions (previously described as “popcorn” based on clinical appearance) in patients with ROP as visualized with ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT). #Ophthalmology #Retina #Ophthotwitter

Ocular Cystinosis: ▪️Cystinosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease in which cystine accumulates in organs and tissues throughout the body.  ▪️Although renal disease predominates in the early forms of cystinosis, all forms of the disease can result in ophthalmic sequelae, particularly pigmented retinopathy and deposition of cystine crystals in the cornea, with associated photophobia and visual impairment.  ▪️Patients should be followed closely by nephrology and other specialists in order to manage life threatening renal disease and extra-renal symptoms, but also need regular ophthalmologic evaluation to determine the extent of ocular disease and manage pathology appropriately.  ▪️The early and late forms of ocular disease can both be treated with cysteamine eye drops to halt progression of ocular manifestations and diminish the presence of cystine crystals in the cornea.  ▪️Oral cysteamine therapy may decrease the occurrence of retinopathy. Credit: www.eyewiki.org Photo Credit: cornea.academy.

Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy: ▪️Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR) is a vision-threaten­ing complication of sickle cell disease. Ischemic events in the retina stimulate angiogenesis, resulting in retinal neovascularization. ▪️ In PSR, the new vessels grow in a frond­like configuration, which has classically been described as resembling a sea fan. As this sea-fan neovasculariza­tion grows along the retinal surface and onto the posterior cortical vitreous, vit­reous traction on the neovascular chan­nels may result in intermittent vitreous hemorrhage. Vitreous hemorrhage can also be caused by minor ocular trauma or contraction of vitreous bands from a previous hemorrhage. ▪️ Sight-threatening complications: In addition to vitreous hemorrhage and vitreoretinal traction, vision-threaten­ing complications of neovasculariza­tion include: ➖Traction retinal detachment ➖Traction retinoschisis ➖Macular pucker ➖Macular hole ➖Retinal break ➖Rhegmatogenous or exudative reti­nal detachment ▪️ Course of sea-fan neovasculariza­tion: Progression of retinal neovas­cularization in PSR is variable; some neovascular fronds remain relatively small and flat for many years before autoinfarcting, while others enlarge rapidly and coalesce with neighboring lesions to form larger, elevated, circum­ferential neovascular complexes. Credit: www.aao.org/eyenet Photo Credit: on photo.