Almost around the same time in 2008, I joined Nabil Bank and was placed in treasury. Since I was assigned with taking small ticket positions in cross currencies during the probation period, my interest in international economics- the vague world of stock/currencies/commodities/bonds along with technical and fundamental analyses grew exponentially and my inquisitive mind always had questions to seek answers for with anyone I got back then.
It was the time I got introduced to credit derivatives Those days, I could hardly find books on the subject readily and thus had to resort to google search predominantly to dig deep. I would spend hours in quest of trying to unravel the complex world of financial engineering comprising of derivatives.
Lehman brothers was the largest bank (asset size USD 639 bio and USD 619 bio in debt) that collapsed during the same period causing upheavals in stocks/currencies worldwide. Lehman was a 158 years old institution having seen world wars and great depression all unscathed.
Today, after 16 years of progressive banking, I understand a bit of what went wrong with Lehman back then. How and why did a bank that boasted being fourth largest investment bank in US file for chapter-11 bankruptcy protection all within a week’s time. It appears in hindsight that for Lehman (its BOD and senior management), greed and fear did not go hand in hand.
In short, the bank leveraged much beyond safe level, entered into repurchase contracts for toxic assets with firms in Cayman Islands but the books showed sales instead of borrowing, bought troubled assets disguised under a fancy “subprime mortgage backed securities and collateralized debt obligations” and sold the same with cosmetic changes to retail investors and AIG, thereby making huge profits in the course. This went on for a sustained period of time without many noticing. As the price of homes started falling, Lehman started experiencing defaults and losses started mounting. This resulted in liquidity crunch whereby it could not raise funds on time.
As I later read a biography on Mr. Allan Greenspan, Former Chair of the Federal Reserve of the United States -The age of turbulence, I understand that he was a big voice for free markets and believed a little in Government or central bank interventions. It was during his tenure that the investment banks got larger than lives without much control over and no checks and balances on exorbitant risk taking practices. The law of invisible hand does not work always everywhere when charting into uncharted risk territories.
I then also start pondering over the credit ratings as most of these CDOs were rated AAA by hi-fi raters. The world of finance is very vulnerable without governance-both self and regulated. Numbers presented may or may not present every bit of information. Numbers can take 180 degree turn within no time. Regulation and supervision are the most critical pillars for safeguarding the banks and deposits.