Photo of Nayely Millan, MA
Nayely Millan
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Keizer, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Yo ofrezco terapia bilingüe y podemos comunicarnos en español, inglés o ambos, según su preferencia. I have lived in the West Coast my entire life. I am a mom, a wife, and the oldest daughter of Mexican immigrants. I understand firsthand the pressures that come from living up to the expectations of fulfilling the mythical "American Dream." I firmly believe in rehabilitation; to me, this means a person is not their past actions, and every person has the capacity for positive change. Allow me to provide you with a judgment-free space to discuss specific issues, explore existential questions, and/or enhance your overall well-being.
Yo ofrezco terapia bilingüe y podemos comunicarnos en español, inglés o ambos, según su preferencia. I have lived in the West Coast my entire life. I am a mom, a wife, and the oldest daughter of Mexican immigrants. I understand firsthand the pressures that come from living up to the expectations of fulfilling the mythical "American Dream." I firmly believe in rehabilitation; to me, this means a person is not their past actions, and every person has the capacity for positive change. Allow me to provide you with a judgment-free space to discuss specific issues, explore existential questions, and/or enhance your overall well-being.
(971) 290-2689 View (971) 290-2689
Photo of Adrienne Wiens, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Adrienne Wiens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome, I'm glad you've stopped by. Please note I do not offer couples therapy, only individual therapy for adults. If you've been struggling lately to feel good about yourself, your relationships, manage your mood, or you've noticed past trauma is sneaking its way into your current life, things can quickly become overwhelming. It can make it hard to get through the day-to-day grind, and that can leave anyone feeling unfulfilled and even hopeless.
Welcome, I'm glad you've stopped by. Please note I do not offer couples therapy, only individual therapy for adults. If you've been struggling lately to feel good about yourself, your relationships, manage your mood, or you've noticed past trauma is sneaking its way into your current life, things can quickly become overwhelming. It can make it hard to get through the day-to-day grind, and that can leave anyone feeling unfulfilled and even hopeless.
(503) 306-0804 View (503) 306-0804
Photo of Frankie Lemmons - Frankie Lemmons Counseling, MA, LMHC, MFT-A, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Frankie Lemmons Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MA, LMHC, MFT-A
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Keizer, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients in Oregon and Washington State- As a bi-racial female (Black presenting) who spent most of their life feeling as though half of themselves was never understood, I seek to provide a space where your voice will not be silenced or diminished. It is importance to have spaces where we can be held in our vulnerability and relationships that support us in our journey, non-judgmentally.
Accepting New Clients in Oregon and Washington State- As a bi-racial female (Black presenting) who spent most of their life feeling as though half of themselves was never understood, I seek to provide a space where your voice will not be silenced or diminished. It is importance to have spaces where we can be held in our vulnerability and relationships that support us in our journey, non-judgmentally.
(971) 224-7892 View (971) 224-7892
Photo of Julie N Ford, MSW, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie N Ford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97303
From personal experience, I know how hard navigating the ups and downs of modern life can be. Debilitating thoughts like, “I’m not enough,” become barriers to progression. This brand of negative self-talk often leaves one feeling stuck and using whatever means necessary to alleviate the pain. I work from a philosophy that all emotions are “good” emotions. Like positive emotions, hard emotions give you insight into who you are and what's important to you. I believe the answers to creating a life worth living reside inside each one of us. My job is to help you uncover your unique ability to manage the challenges life throws your way.
From personal experience, I know how hard navigating the ups and downs of modern life can be. Debilitating thoughts like, “I’m not enough,” become barriers to progression. This brand of negative self-talk often leaves one feeling stuck and using whatever means necessary to alleviate the pain. I work from a philosophy that all emotions are “good” emotions. Like positive emotions, hard emotions give you insight into who you are and what's important to you. I believe the answers to creating a life worth living reside inside each one of us. My job is to help you uncover your unique ability to manage the challenges life throws your way.
(541) 229-4153 View (541) 229-4153
Photo of Jennifer Moore, MA, LPC, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Keizer, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Depressed? Stuck? Anxious? The decision to enter into therapy is a courageous one. If you are considering taking this step, chances are you have tried many avenues already and are feeling hopeless things could change or be any better. I have a special interest in helping adults build competence and confidence in navigating their unique life circumstances more effectively and adaptively. I can help you identify and live the life that is most meaningful to you.
Depressed? Stuck? Anxious? The decision to enter into therapy is a courageous one. If you are considering taking this step, chances are you have tried many avenues already and are feeling hopeless things could change or be any better. I have a special interest in helping adults build competence and confidence in navigating their unique life circumstances more effectively and adaptively. I can help you identify and live the life that is most meaningful to you.
(503) 917-3332 View (503) 917-3332
Photo of Robert Gitelson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robert Gitelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Keizer, OR 97303
Not accepting new clients
Over the past 32 years, I have had the amazing opportunity to collaboratively work with clients, being supportive and providing gentle guidance as they learned to identify, clarify, and develop effective coping skills to manage and resolve the stress in their lives. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, trying to cope with parenting concerns, Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, marital stress/conflict, self-esteem challenges, or a variety of life struggles; I believe that my client-centered therapeutic approach will assist you in gaining greater self-awareness and emotional growth.
Over the past 32 years, I have had the amazing opportunity to collaboratively work with clients, being supportive and providing gentle guidance as they learned to identify, clarify, and develop effective coping skills to manage and resolve the stress in their lives. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, trying to cope with parenting concerns, Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, marital stress/conflict, self-esteem challenges, or a variety of life struggles; I believe that my client-centered therapeutic approach will assist you in gaining greater self-awareness and emotional growth.
(503) 374-1488 View (503) 374-1488
Photo of Kevin R Reilly, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kevin R Reilly
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Keizer, OR 97303
I specialize in working with adults and children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families as they pursue lifelong goals. I count it a privilege to assist people as they seek to grow towards their best quality of life. I provide a value-based approach to decision making and behavioral interventions while assisting people to experience positive change through the therapy process. I work with them to help recognize and develop a growth mindset focused on personal strengths. I acknowledge the need for human dignity and promote mental, emotional and spiritual well being.
I specialize in working with adults and children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their families as they pursue lifelong goals. I count it a privilege to assist people as they seek to grow towards their best quality of life. I provide a value-based approach to decision making and behavioral interventions while assisting people to experience positive change through the therapy process. I work with them to help recognize and develop a growth mindset focused on personal strengths. I acknowledge the need for human dignity and promote mental, emotional and spiritual well being.
(971) 297-3642 View (971) 297-3642
Photo of Jonathan West-Gray, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jonathan West-Gray
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Sometimes life can present us with enormous challenges. Other times it might be life’s cumulative little difficulties that slowly weigh us down over time. Perhaps you have been experiencing sadness or anxiety and are unsure of how to address such discomfort. Maybe you believe that you could benefit from embracing a new perspective. In therapy we can work on issues of depression, anxiety, grief, minority stress, and identity issues. I also specialize in religious abuse/trauma in gender and sexual minority populations, and am passionate about helping clients heal from their pasts and learn to live lives consistent with their values.
Sometimes life can present us with enormous challenges. Other times it might be life’s cumulative little difficulties that slowly weigh us down over time. Perhaps you have been experiencing sadness or anxiety and are unsure of how to address such discomfort. Maybe you believe that you could benefit from embracing a new perspective. In therapy we can work on issues of depression, anxiety, grief, minority stress, and identity issues. I also specialize in religious abuse/trauma in gender and sexual minority populations, and am passionate about helping clients heal from their pasts and learn to live lives consistent with their values.
(971) 255-5439 View (971) 255-5439
Photo of Joel Cox, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joel Cox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Keizer, OR 97303
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Oregon. I work with individuals, couples and teens experiencing emotional, physical and social challenges. I enjoy the process of helping people find the strength and resources to better navigate life’s obstacles.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Oregon. I work with individuals, couples and teens experiencing emotional, physical and social challenges. I enjoy the process of helping people find the strength and resources to better navigate life’s obstacles.
(971) 232-4222 View (971) 232-4222
Photo of Stacie Savelich, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stacie Savelich
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Keizer, OR 97303
My passion is to create a space that will honor the uniquely created person you are. By incorporating the physical, spiritual, and mental aspects of who you are, optimal health and growth can be achieved.
My passion is to create a space that will honor the uniquely created person you are. By incorporating the physical, spiritual, and mental aspects of who you are, optimal health and growth can be achieved.
(971) 318-2672 View (971) 318-2672
Photo of Martha Witt - Witt Health & Wellness, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Witt Health & Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Keizer, OR 97303
With over a decade of experience in the mental health field, my experience is well rounded. My opportunities have allowed me the privilege to help persons of all backgrounds, ages, races and cultures. I believe with adequate support & resources all persons have the power, within them, to make changes needed for life satisfaction. Originally from Mexico I know all to well how life can present barriers. I believe, my experiences as an immigrant, a victim of trauma, a single parent and divorcee are at the root of my skills as a helper.
With over a decade of experience in the mental health field, my experience is well rounded. My opportunities have allowed me the privilege to help persons of all backgrounds, ages, races and cultures. I believe with adequate support & resources all persons have the power, within them, to make changes needed for life satisfaction. Originally from Mexico I know all to well how life can present barriers. I believe, my experiences as an immigrant, a victim of trauma, a single parent and divorcee are at the root of my skills as a helper.
(971) 298-8154 View (971) 298-8154
Photo of Sara DeVaney, LCSW, MAC, CADC l, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara DeVaney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MAC, CADC l
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Are you going through a transition? Have kids left the house? Want a career change? Recent loss or separation? Feeling lost, confused, depressed, anxious, stressed? Can you imagine how spectacular it would be to have a step by step plan for your future? How incredible it would feel to know how to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression? To feel excitement for your future versus despair. Everyone has a story, that should be heard, I aid to create a safe, non-judgmental space for healing to begin. Or... are you seeking LCSW licensure in the state of Oregon, I am available to provide clinical supervision.
Are you going through a transition? Have kids left the house? Want a career change? Recent loss or separation? Feeling lost, confused, depressed, anxious, stressed? Can you imagine how spectacular it would be to have a step by step plan for your future? How incredible it would feel to know how to relieve stress, anxiety, and depression? To feel excitement for your future versus despair. Everyone has a story, that should be heard, I aid to create a safe, non-judgmental space for healing to begin. Or... are you seeking LCSW licensure in the state of Oregon, I am available to provide clinical supervision.
(503) 744-7091 View (503) 744-7091
Photo of Stephanie Lynn Vieu, MS, LPC, CADC, II, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Lynn Vieu
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CADC, II
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97303
I am a mental health therapist who specializes in trauma and addiction issues. I also often work from a family systems theory basis. I have combined experience as a counselor, educator and social worker for over 22 years. My therapeutic philosophy and approach is to offer empathy and compassion working to understand the whole person perspective and I am a strong advocate to help my clients empower themselves. I offer energy healing work and other alternative therapies as part of my practice such as Hypnosis to include traditional methods of therapeutic intervention.
I am a mental health therapist who specializes in trauma and addiction issues. I also often work from a family systems theory basis. I have combined experience as a counselor, educator and social worker for over 22 years. My therapeutic philosophy and approach is to offer empathy and compassion working to understand the whole person perspective and I am a strong advocate to help my clients empower themselves. I offer energy healing work and other alternative therapies as part of my practice such as Hypnosis to include traditional methods of therapeutic intervention.
(503) 445-3094 View (503) 445-3094
Photo of Holly Zell - Garnet Counseling, MA, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Garnet Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97303  (Online Only)
Schedule a free initial consult online via my website! Holly Zell, LPC - online counseling for clients across the state of Oregon. I believe the people who end up seeking my services live life outside of the boxes that were handed to them. Sometimes that can be a really tough path! It can also be incredibly rewarding to truly discover and learn to love your authentic self. You are good enough just the way you are!
Schedule a free initial consult online via my website! Holly Zell, LPC - online counseling for clients across the state of Oregon. I believe the people who end up seeking my services live life outside of the boxes that were handed to them. Sometimes that can be a really tough path! It can also be incredibly rewarding to truly discover and learn to love your authentic self. You are good enough just the way you are!
(503) 447-4763 View (503) 447-4763
Photo of Brianne DeYoung, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brianne DeYoung
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97303
Life is a continual marathon, growth is an ongoing process, success is not defined by a tangible finish line and we as humans can do hard things; however, sometimes seeking therapy helps us get through hard things with the help and guidance of another person. At times, we are able to manage and navigate our struggles and other times our struggles are overwhelmingly difficult. If you feel that you have reached a point where would like assistance improving mental or emotional distress, then you have come to the right place! Email me or visit www.arisecounselingservice.com today!
Life is a continual marathon, growth is an ongoing process, success is not defined by a tangible finish line and we as humans can do hard things; however, sometimes seeking therapy helps us get through hard things with the help and guidance of another person. At times, we are able to manage and navigate our struggles and other times our struggles are overwhelmingly difficult. If you feel that you have reached a point where would like assistance improving mental or emotional distress, then you have come to the right place! Email me or visit www.arisecounselingservice.com today!
(503) 386-0335 View (503) 386-0335
Photo of Angie Terhorst, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Angie Terhorst
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Keizer, OR 97303  (Online Only)
One of my greatest rewards as a therapist is helping clients explore ways to make changes in their lives that will allow them to look forward to the future with hope and live fully in the present. I believe we all need someone to talk with, who will really listen and accept us as we are, without judgement. I provide clients with a warm, non-judgmental environment; a safe place to explore the issues that may be preventing them from living the life they want. I have a heart for helping others find deeper meaning and a sense of purpose.
One of my greatest rewards as a therapist is helping clients explore ways to make changes in their lives that will allow them to look forward to the future with hope and live fully in the present. I believe we all need someone to talk with, who will really listen and accept us as we are, without judgement. I provide clients with a warm, non-judgmental environment; a safe place to explore the issues that may be preventing them from living the life they want. I have a heart for helping others find deeper meaning and a sense of purpose.
(541) 234-8348 View (541) 234-8348
Photo of Jennifer R Ungarwulff, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer R Ungarwulff
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97303
Welcome! I provide psychotherapy services for people interested in making long-term and lasting changes in their lives. My approach focuses on fostering self-awareness through exploration of your thoughts, feelings and experiences. I believe warmth, caring and the ability to really listen are key ingredients in creating a safe and effective therapeutic relationship.
Welcome! I provide psychotherapy services for people interested in making long-term and lasting changes in their lives. My approach focuses on fostering self-awareness through exploration of your thoughts, feelings and experiences. I believe warmth, caring and the ability to really listen are key ingredients in creating a safe and effective therapeutic relationship.
(971) 703-5243 View (971) 703-5243
Photo of Dusty Destler, PhD, LMHC, LPC, BC-TMH, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dusty Destler
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC, BC-TMH, NCC
Verified Verified
Keizer, OR 97303
Waitlist for new clients
Whatever your reason for seeking counseling, my aim is to join you so you're not alone. I can help with immediate pressing needs, highlight strengths and areas for growth, and collaborate on goals until they are achieved. What kind of therapeutic space do you prefer? I can hold the gentle, provide a light push, or be direct. We can move through your current issue together and learn how to boost your awareness, confidence, and skills. Let's team up and help you grow and thrive beyond counseling. I currently have limited availability, but please feel free to inquire. I'm glad to meet with you for a free consult.
Whatever your reason for seeking counseling, my aim is to join you so you're not alone. I can help with immediate pressing needs, highlight strengths and areas for growth, and collaborate on goals until they are achieved. What kind of therapeutic space do you prefer? I can hold the gentle, provide a light push, or be direct. We can move through your current issue together and learn how to boost your awareness, confidence, and skills. Let's team up and help you grow and thrive beyond counseling. I currently have limited availability, but please feel free to inquire. I'm glad to meet with you for a free consult.
(206) 590-3749 View (206) 590-3749
Photo of Laney Kibel, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laney Kibel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97303  (Online Only)
After 25+ years of providing counseling I find my philosophy has grown simpler and more to the point. Successful counseling is built on a positive and trusting relationship, much as successful living is dependent on trusting, healthy relationships. I bring a broad array of treatment tools to my work including gestalt, object relations and psychodynamic theory. Most importantly I bring myself; my heart, my humor, my understanding, knowledge and years of experience. I work with adults and children, couples and groups(this includes families).
After 25+ years of providing counseling I find my philosophy has grown simpler and more to the point. Successful counseling is built on a positive and trusting relationship, much as successful living is dependent on trusting, healthy relationships. I bring a broad array of treatment tools to my work including gestalt, object relations and psychodynamic theory. Most importantly I bring myself; my heart, my humor, my understanding, knowledge and years of experience. I work with adults and children, couples and groups(this includes families).
(971) 236-5012 View (971) 236-5012
Photo of Abraham Reichlin - The Trauma Academy Northwest LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
The Trauma Academy Northwest LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Keizer, OR 97303
Trauma is a highly complex and personal experience. Everyone's experience and definition of trauma is different. Among both professionals and clients, it is often incredibly misunderstood. It affects us across physical, social, emotional, and spiritual bounds. It compromises our ability to process sensory input and renders us incapable of communicating at times. Traumatic experiences can make us feel "small" and incompetent, incapable of managing basic tasks at times, or we may even develop intermittent or chronic pain.
Trauma is a highly complex and personal experience. Everyone's experience and definition of trauma is different. Among both professionals and clients, it is often incredibly misunderstood. It affects us across physical, social, emotional, and spiritual bounds. It compromises our ability to process sensory input and renders us incapable of communicating at times. Traumatic experiences can make us feel "small" and incompetent, incapable of managing basic tasks at times, or we may even develop intermittent or chronic pain.
(971) 340-4114 View (971) 340-4114
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 97303

90+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in 97303 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
91% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
74% Coping Skills
74% Stress
71% Self Esteem
67% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% PacificSource
55% Providence
50% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 97303 see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 97303?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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