Therapists in Hawaii County, HI

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Photo of Alethea L. Kahalekai, MS, LMHC, RSP, Counselor
Alethea L. Kahalekai
Counselor, MS, LMHC, RSP
Verified Verified
Pahoa, HI 96778  (Online Only)
Need someone to talk to or just listen? Are you struggling with unwanted feelings and behaviors? Are these feelings and behaviors affecting you daily at home, work or in school? If so, let me help you understand and manage your emotions, and social well being. These attainable life skills will contribute to improving self-awareness, balance, positive relationships, good health, and wellness.
Need someone to talk to or just listen? Are you struggling with unwanted feelings and behaviors? Are these feelings and behaviors affecting you daily at home, work or in school? If so, let me help you understand and manage your emotions, and social well being. These attainable life skills will contribute to improving self-awareness, balance, positive relationships, good health, and wellness.
(808) 518-2616 View (808) 518-2616
Photo of Shelley Shane, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shelley Shane
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kailua Kona, HI 96745  (Online Only)
Do you sometimes feel an underlying sense of anxiety, unease or overwhelm? Do you sometimes wonder why you react or respond in certain ways to certain types of situations? You are not alone! Current experiences sometimes release responses that we developed earlier in our lives. We may have needed them at the time, but there may be a better way. It may be time to help those parts update to respond in ways that are more appropriate at your current stage of life. Let's start from a place of lovingkindness, forgiveness and compassion...for yourself as well as for others.
Do you sometimes feel an underlying sense of anxiety, unease or overwhelm? Do you sometimes wonder why you react or respond in certain ways to certain types of situations? You are not alone! Current experiences sometimes release responses that we developed earlier in our lives. We may have needed them at the time, but there may be a better way. It may be time to help those parts update to respond in ways that are more appropriate at your current stage of life. Let's start from a place of lovingkindness, forgiveness and compassion...for yourself as well as for others.
(808) 895-0090 View (808) 895-0090
Photo of Melissa St. Claire, MA, CHT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Melissa St. Claire
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CHT
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Stressful situations can happen suddenly, or build over time. Whether it is a relationship issue, traumatic experience, life transition, or career challenge, I can help you move from surviving to thriving. Using comprehensive methodologies, I offer a highly personalized approach, tailored to each client. I work with individuals to help them build on their strengths and attain the healing, growth and change they are looking for.
Stressful situations can happen suddenly, or build over time. Whether it is a relationship issue, traumatic experience, life transition, or career challenge, I can help you move from surviving to thriving. Using comprehensive methodologies, I offer a highly personalized approach, tailored to each client. I work with individuals to help them build on their strengths and attain the healing, growth and change they are looking for.
(808) 320-1239 View (808) 320-1239
Photo of Ilea Bain, PsyD, Psychologist
Ilea Bain
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Hawi, HI 96719
Waitlist for new clients
I aim to work with individuals who are interested in change and growth from a holistic perspective and are ready to do the challenging and rewarding work of reclaiming and mastering themselves. I am also available for clinical supervision and consultation and truly love working with and mentoring early career clinicians.
I aim to work with individuals who are interested in change and growth from a holistic perspective and are ready to do the challenging and rewarding work of reclaiming and mastering themselves. I am also available for clinical supervision and consultation and truly love working with and mentoring early career clinicians.
(662) 667-6073 View (662) 667-6073
Photo of Emma Burrows, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Emma Burrows
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
Welcoming inquiries from new clients. If you're motivated to feel healthier, nourished and supported, I'm here to help. I am a holistic therapist and coach and I offer compassionate guidance and deep listening. I welcome individuals looking for perinatal support including prenatal, postpartum, and birth processing. I have experience supporting people with anxiety, depression, body image, identity formation, life transitions, existential angst, relational challenges, and LGBTQIA+ youth. My additional training in depth-oriented Sandplay Therapy, yoga, and Ayurveda, informs the holistic framework I bring to my work with clients.
Welcoming inquiries from new clients. If you're motivated to feel healthier, nourished and supported, I'm here to help. I am a holistic therapist and coach and I offer compassionate guidance and deep listening. I welcome individuals looking for perinatal support including prenatal, postpartum, and birth processing. I have experience supporting people with anxiety, depression, body image, identity formation, life transitions, existential angst, relational challenges, and LGBTQIA+ youth. My additional training in depth-oriented Sandplay Therapy, yoga, and Ayurveda, informs the holistic framework I bring to my work with clients.
(808) 563-5301 View (808) 563-5301
Photo of Cristy McDowall, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cristy McDowall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mountain View, HI 96771  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with those who have experienced trauma.
I specialize in working with those who have experienced trauma.
(808) 400-6918 View (808) 400-6918
Photo of John Mascaro, PhD, LMFT, OIX, Marriage & Family Therapist
John Mascaro
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, OIX
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Kamuela, HI 96743
Not accepting new clients
I believe that each of us has the ability to achieve our highest potential despite whatever path life has taken us. We move forward despite the difficulties presented to us along the way. Sometimes along this path we are faced with circumstances that make it difficult to cope. There are times when childhood experiences, hurtful interactions with others or horrific events can interrupt our present day functioning to create stress in our day-to-day living. For these and many other reasons, we lose our way and find ourselves off-track from the path that could lead us to our highest and best selves.
I believe that each of us has the ability to achieve our highest potential despite whatever path life has taken us. We move forward despite the difficulties presented to us along the way. Sometimes along this path we are faced with circumstances that make it difficult to cope. There are times when childhood experiences, hurtful interactions with others or horrific events can interrupt our present day functioning to create stress in our day-to-day living. For these and many other reasons, we lose our way and find ourselves off-track from the path that could lead us to our highest and best selves.
(808) 419-3563 View (808) 419-3563
Photo of Rosana Knudson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rosana Knudson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kailua Kona, HI 96740
My identification with two different cultures Chile and United States has helped me to have a wider perspective, broader understanding, a deeper commitment towards individuals and families of all ethnic backgrounds. I am committed to facilitate, to alleviate, to empower individuals, couples and families who are going through suffering and pain. With your motivation, cooperation, desire to heal, and willingness to help yourself, we can work together as a team for the benefit of your own well being as well as your family. This therapeutic relationship is between equals, based in cooperation, mutual trust and respect.
My identification with two different cultures Chile and United States has helped me to have a wider perspective, broader understanding, a deeper commitment towards individuals and families of all ethnic backgrounds. I am committed to facilitate, to alleviate, to empower individuals, couples and families who are going through suffering and pain. With your motivation, cooperation, desire to heal, and willingness to help yourself, we can work together as a team for the benefit of your own well being as well as your family. This therapeutic relationship is between equals, based in cooperation, mutual trust and respect.
(808) 640-7377 View (808) 640-7377
Photo of Natasha McCool, LMFT, CSAC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Natasha McCool
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAC
Verified Verified
Kailua Kona, HI 96740
Today, more than ever, we are faced with seemingly insurmountable challenges on a personal, familial, communal, national, and global level. At best, it has caused us to reset our priorities, develop character, and engage in better self-care. At worst, we have experienced severe loss, often feeling isolated, alienated, and stuck. Perhaps depression and anxiety have encroached on every aspect of life, leaving interpersonal relationships significantly strained in an unparalleled way. Whatever the case, healing is possible with intentional action steered toward achieving a more fulfilling life, even in the face of adversity.
Today, more than ever, we are faced with seemingly insurmountable challenges on a personal, familial, communal, national, and global level. At best, it has caused us to reset our priorities, develop character, and engage in better self-care. At worst, we have experienced severe loss, often feeling isolated, alienated, and stuck. Perhaps depression and anxiety have encroached on every aspect of life, leaving interpersonal relationships significantly strained in an unparalleled way. Whatever the case, healing is possible with intentional action steered toward achieving a more fulfilling life, even in the face of adversity.
(410) 498-7663 View (410) 498-7663
Photo of Caroline Culverhouse, MSS, LCSW, ERYT, CGP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caroline Culverhouse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW, ERYT, CGP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waimea, HI 96743
I am delighted you found me! I am here to work with you on whatever issues and potentials for growth you'd like to explore. I work holistically-mind-body-spirit. I am a licensed LCSW in the states of Hawaii and Pennsylvania as well as a certified psychoanalytic psychotherapist, certified group psychotherapist and certified clinical trauma professional. I work with children, teens and adults. For more info on me and my specialties please visit www.hOMePYM.com and www.integrative-awakening.com
I am delighted you found me! I am here to work with you on whatever issues and potentials for growth you'd like to explore. I work holistically-mind-body-spirit. I am a licensed LCSW in the states of Hawaii and Pennsylvania as well as a certified psychoanalytic psychotherapist, certified group psychotherapist and certified clinical trauma professional. I work with children, teens and adults. For more info on me and my specialties please visit www.hOMePYM.com and www.integrative-awakening.com
(610) 427-8979 View (610) 427-8979
Photo of David Hashimoto - Calm Water Counseling LLC. [David Hashimoto LMHC], MA, LMHC, Counselor
Calm Water Counseling LLC. [David Hashimoto LMHC]
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720
Do you struggle with anxiety, fear, nervousness? Are you weighed down by depression, sadness? are you ready to do something about it? I can help... I have been successfully treating anxiety, depression, and much more for over a decade; with many clients achieving relief as soon as the first session. My style is a combination of cutting-edge clinical treatments and down to earth talk therapy; clinical for efficacy, with an easy to talk to approachability.
Do you struggle with anxiety, fear, nervousness? Are you weighed down by depression, sadness? are you ready to do something about it? I can help... I have been successfully treating anxiety, depression, and much more for over a decade; with many clients achieving relief as soon as the first session. My style is a combination of cutting-edge clinical treatments and down to earth talk therapy; clinical for efficacy, with an easy to talk to approachability.
(808) 731-9991 View (808) 731-9991
Photo of Kai Hansen, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kai Hansen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
My approach focuses on addressing immediate symptom relief and current life problems with an emphasis on identifying underlying emotional causes that may be contributing to these difficulties. My practice presumes that understanding psychological conflicts underlying unpleasant negative behaviors and/or emotions will help people gain important understanding into their current problems and, consequently, lead them to make considerable changes in their lives.
My approach focuses on addressing immediate symptom relief and current life problems with an emphasis on identifying underlying emotional causes that may be contributing to these difficulties. My practice presumes that understanding psychological conflicts underlying unpleasant negative behaviors and/or emotions will help people gain important understanding into their current problems and, consequently, lead them to make considerable changes in their lives.
(808) 731-1368 View (808) 731-1368
Photo of Katrina Clark - Katrina Clark: Beyond Healing LLC, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katrina Clark: Beyond Healing LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Kailua Kona, HI 96740
Not accepting new clients
If you've found your way here, you're likely already on a path of healing and growth, but you’re seeking support to address some deeper issues affecting your relationships, psychological, physical or emotional health. It takes courage to reach out for support. No matter where you're at on your journey know that every part of you is welcome here. My practice is informed and enriched by my personal journey, my professional trainings and my experience in the fields of social justice, mental health and holistic wellness.
If you've found your way here, you're likely already on a path of healing and growth, but you’re seeking support to address some deeper issues affecting your relationships, psychological, physical or emotional health. It takes courage to reach out for support. No matter where you're at on your journey know that every part of you is welcome here. My practice is informed and enriched by my personal journey, my professional trainings and my experience in the fields of social justice, mental health and holistic wellness.
(808) 342-4568 View (808) 342-4568
Photo of Catherine Smith, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catherine Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Holualoa, HI 96725  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We all face life events that sometimes seem overwhelming. Discussing difficulties and possible solutions with a therapist will help you find ways to transform challenging life events into opportunities for growth. I am here to help you gain new insights into how you can create positive change in your life. Therapy is a collaborative process. We will work together to discover and build on your strengths while finding new solutions for problematic patterns. I am trained in (IFS) Internal Family Systems and approach therapy through a Jungian orientation. Visit catherinesmithlcsw.com to learn more.
We all face life events that sometimes seem overwhelming. Discussing difficulties and possible solutions with a therapist will help you find ways to transform challenging life events into opportunities for growth. I am here to help you gain new insights into how you can create positive change in your life. Therapy is a collaborative process. We will work together to discover and build on your strengths while finding new solutions for problematic patterns. I am trained in (IFS) Internal Family Systems and approach therapy through a Jungian orientation. Visit catherinesmithlcsw.com to learn more.
(808) 425-9440 View (808) 425-9440
Photo of Amanda Jeffrey Platter, PsyD, Psychologist
Amanda Jeffrey Platter
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Kailua Kona, HI 96740
Being our most resilient, healthy self is a process of acceptance and skill building. It is particularly hard when anger, sadness, and worry get in the way of connecting with others, advancing professionally, or maintaining health. It is important to have a safe place to process and solve life transitions without judgment. I utilize evidenced based psychotherapy and assessment to restore value based cognitions, mindfulness and healthy behaviors. Specialized treatment planning is the first stage of the process. Adults, adolescents, couples, and specialized assessment cases (ages 7 to 80+) are encouraged to schedule a consultation appointment.
Being our most resilient, healthy self is a process of acceptance and skill building. It is particularly hard when anger, sadness, and worry get in the way of connecting with others, advancing professionally, or maintaining health. It is important to have a safe place to process and solve life transitions without judgment. I utilize evidenced based psychotherapy and assessment to restore value based cognitions, mindfulness and healthy behaviors. Specialized treatment planning is the first stage of the process. Adults, adolescents, couples, and specialized assessment cases (ages 7 to 80+) are encouraged to schedule a consultation appointment.
(808) 201-0365 View (808) 201-0365
Photo of Kirsten Wong, LMHC, Counselor
Kirsten Wong
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720
I apply a trauma-informed, holistic, and integrative lens to individualize a treatment plan that meets you where you are at. I can help you get out of your head, meet your needs and let go of resentment, uphold boundaries, overcome perfectionism, relate better and rebuild with others, face avoidance and isolation, and repair the story you tell yourself about your life. I also enjoy discussing spiritual ideas such as karmic and soul contracts, divine synchronicities, astrology, human design, and gene keys. I offer individual and family therapy.
I apply a trauma-informed, holistic, and integrative lens to individualize a treatment plan that meets you where you are at. I can help you get out of your head, meet your needs and let go of resentment, uphold boundaries, overcome perfectionism, relate better and rebuild with others, face avoidance and isolation, and repair the story you tell yourself about your life. I also enjoy discussing spiritual ideas such as karmic and soul contracts, divine synchronicities, astrology, human design, and gene keys. I offer individual and family therapy.
(808) 670-3318 View (808) 670-3318
Photo of Christina McKay, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christina McKay
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Kailua Kona, HI 96740
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. We all face challenges throughout our lives, whether in family conflicts, relationships, life transitions, or difficulties in managing our emotions. Seeking help can be the first step in making a change in your life. Because each client / client system is unique, I believe in providing a thorough assessment process before creating an individualized treatment plan. I am rooted in person centered therapy and believe that the client is the expert of their own life. I am trained in family systems, CBT, DBT, and Internal Family Systems.
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. We all face challenges throughout our lives, whether in family conflicts, relationships, life transitions, or difficulties in managing our emotions. Seeking help can be the first step in making a change in your life. Because each client / client system is unique, I believe in providing a thorough assessment process before creating an individualized treatment plan. I am rooted in person centered therapy and believe that the client is the expert of their own life. I am trained in family systems, CBT, DBT, and Internal Family Systems.
(516) 689-7626 View (516) 689-7626
Photo of Melissa Bartholomew, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Melissa Bartholomew
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
I work with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, stress, burnout, communication, and parenting. When we meet, we will discuss together what goals we want to work towards in counseling. I like to build upon individual strengths as we tackle your life challenges. I often use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as they hold the belief that all forms of human suffering is a normal part of life. I also take a holistic view in your overall health.
I work with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, stress, burnout, communication, and parenting. When we meet, we will discuss together what goals we want to work towards in counseling. I like to build upon individual strengths as we tackle your life challenges. I often use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as they hold the belief that all forms of human suffering is a normal part of life. I also take a holistic view in your overall health.
(808) 731-2964 View (808) 731-2964
Photo of Katie Nova, PhD, Psychologist
Katie Nova
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Kailua Kona, HI 96740
As a practicing psychologist for over 20 years I have been privileged to be part of my client's lives. I moved from San Diego to the Big Island of Hawaii in 1996. My specialties have changed and developed through the years. Now I specialize in the treatment of adults suffering from trauma, addiction related illness, relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, and coping with illness. I have a particular interest in women's issues including domestic violence, work/life balance, parenting young adults, and menopause. I work with women and men facing transition points in their lives as they create renewed meaning in life.
As a practicing psychologist for over 20 years I have been privileged to be part of my client's lives. I moved from San Diego to the Big Island of Hawaii in 1996. My specialties have changed and developed through the years. Now I specialize in the treatment of adults suffering from trauma, addiction related illness, relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, and coping with illness. I have a particular interest in women's issues including domestic violence, work/life balance, parenting young adults, and menopause. I work with women and men facing transition points in their lives as they create renewed meaning in life.
(808) 219-0837 View (808) 219-0837
Photo of Gregory May, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gregory May
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 9 years of clinical experience. I am an advanced trauma-informed practitioner in Zen and Integral Psychotherapy, with training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Internal Family Systems. My clinical practice is informed by the skills I have developed working in multiple clinical settings. I have worked in Community Mental Health, Residential Treatment, Substance Use Assessment & Treatment, Child Protective Services, Child & Family Treatment, Vocational Rehabilitation, and Employee Assistance Programs.
I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with over 9 years of clinical experience. I am an advanced trauma-informed practitioner in Zen and Integral Psychotherapy, with training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Internal Family Systems. My clinical practice is informed by the skills I have developed working in multiple clinical settings. I have worked in Community Mental Health, Residential Treatment, Substance Use Assessment & Treatment, Child Protective Services, Child & Family Treatment, Vocational Rehabilitation, and Employee Assistance Programs.
(808) 755-3626 View (808) 755-3626
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hawaii County, HI

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Hawaii County, HI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
77% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Hawaii Medical Services Association
48% Hawaii Medical Assurance Association
44% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Hawaii County, HI see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hawaii County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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