Therapists in Fremont, NH

Photo of Diane T Riopelle, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diane T Riopelle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Fremont, NH 03044  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you struggle with: Debilitating fear and anxiety that prevents you from reaching your goals? Depression, sadness, and grief that keeps you from enjoying life? Guilt, shame, and low self-esteem? Negative thoughts that undermine what you want to do before you even start? A painful past that keeps you stuck? If this is you, and you are feeling more like a spectator rather than a participant in life, it's time for you to take charge and reclaim your life.
Do you struggle with: Debilitating fear and anxiety that prevents you from reaching your goals? Depression, sadness, and grief that keeps you from enjoying life? Guilt, shame, and low self-esteem? Negative thoughts that undermine what you want to do before you even start? A painful past that keeps you stuck? If this is you, and you are feeling more like a spectator rather than a participant in life, it's time for you to take charge and reclaim your life.
(978) 903-3672 View (978) 903-3672
Photo of Stephen J Burke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephen J Burke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fremont, NH 03044  (Online Only)
Licensed to practice in New Hampshire and Massachusetts
Licensed to practice in New Hampshire and Massachusetts
(603) 502-4994 View (603) 502-4994
Photo of Arika Marie Schultz, LMHC, LCMHC, R-DMT, EMDR, Counselor
Arika Marie Schultz
Counselor, LMHC, LCMHC, R-DMT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fremont, NH 03044
Not accepting new clients
Hi, my name is Arika, I look forward to connecting with you and supporting your healing journey. I am fully licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience. However, I am not the therapist who you are going to see for the next 20 years. My aim is to get you feeling better safely and quickly. What you can expect from me is a compassionate & non judgmental approach that is both honest and kind. There is little I have not heard, witnessed, or that will surprise me. What sets me apart is my fearless willingness to go into the shadows with you, and hold the light while you remember yours.
Hi, my name is Arika, I look forward to connecting with you and supporting your healing journey. I am fully licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience. However, I am not the therapist who you are going to see for the next 20 years. My aim is to get you feeling better safely and quickly. What you can expect from me is a compassionate & non judgmental approach that is both honest and kind. There is little I have not heard, witnessed, or that will surprise me. What sets me apart is my fearless willingness to go into the shadows with you, and hold the light while you remember yours.
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Amy Blatchford, LCMHC, Counselor
Amy Blatchford
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833
Not accepting new clients
I am not able to accept new clients at this time. Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed? It can be so scary and frustrating to think that your mind, emotions, and behaviors are out of your control. Whether this is a new feeling or you've struggled for a long time, I'm so glad you are reading my profile and thinking about seeking help. My focus is on empowering my clients to achieve their full potential and lead more rewarding lives. I am committed to providing a warm, caring environment where we can work together to clarify your struggles and set manageable, attainable goals.
I am not able to accept new clients at this time. Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed? It can be so scary and frustrating to think that your mind, emotions, and behaviors are out of your control. Whether this is a new feeling or you've struggled for a long time, I'm so glad you are reading my profile and thinking about seeking help. My focus is on empowering my clients to achieve their full potential and lead more rewarding lives. I am committed to providing a warm, caring environment where we can work together to clarify your struggles and set manageable, attainable goals.
(617) 381-4496 View (617) 381-4496
Catherine Murphy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT, LADC, I
Verified Verified
Kensington, NH 03833
I provide both traditional and equine psychotherapy on a small farm in Kensington NH. My farm provides a peaceful non traditional setting. With the Equine facilitated treatment, I co-facilitate sessions with my two horses and two donkeys and a therapy dog. I treat individuals, couples, families and groups . I am a warm and compassionate person who tailors your treatment to your needs and goals. It is my belief most of my clients are unrecognized heroes and I am honored and grateful to be a part of their journeys of healing, growth and change.
I provide both traditional and equine psychotherapy on a small farm in Kensington NH. My farm provides a peaceful non traditional setting. With the Equine facilitated treatment, I co-facilitate sessions with my two horses and two donkeys and a therapy dog. I treat individuals, couples, families and groups . I am a warm and compassionate person who tailors your treatment to your needs and goals. It is my belief most of my clients are unrecognized heroes and I am honored and grateful to be a part of their journeys of healing, growth and change.
(508) 213-8107 View (508) 213-8107
Photo of George Bortnick, PhD, MLADC, IDSP, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
George Bortnick
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, MLADC, IDSP
Verified Verified
Hampstead, NH 03841
I have been practicing addiction counselor since 2016 in Hampstead New Hampshire. I primarily conduct telehealth but also have an office in Hampstead if you want in person sessions. I am trained in EMDR, CBT, DBT, motivational interviewing, anger management, impaired driver service provider, Battery Intervention, Mindfulness, Nutritional integrative for mental health, and gambling addiction. I have a particular expertise in working with families with addiction, trauma-based therapy, DWI, and those who have been incarcerated for substance abuse related crimes.
I have been practicing addiction counselor since 2016 in Hampstead New Hampshire. I primarily conduct telehealth but also have an office in Hampstead if you want in person sessions. I am trained in EMDR, CBT, DBT, motivational interviewing, anger management, impaired driver service provider, Battery Intervention, Mindfulness, Nutritional integrative for mental health, and gambling addiction. I have a particular expertise in working with families with addiction, trauma-based therapy, DWI, and those who have been incarcerated for substance abuse related crimes.
(603) 463-0201 View (603) 463-0201
Photo of Roclyn Porter, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Roclyn Porter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hampstead, NH 03841
I currently have limited availability for daytime hours, Monday through Thursday. I am accepting new clients, either in-office or virtual. I specialize in working with school-aged children, tweens and teens. I also have a great deal of experiencing working with emergency responder's and their families, including law enforcement officers, firefighters, EMTs, 911 dispatchers, and correctional officers.
I currently have limited availability for daytime hours, Monday through Thursday. I am accepting new clients, either in-office or virtual. I specialize in working with school-aged children, tweens and teens. I also have a great deal of experiencing working with emergency responder's and their families, including law enforcement officers, firefighters, EMTs, 911 dispatchers, and correctional officers.
(603) 244-3206 View (603) 244-3206
Photo of Donna McDermott, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Donna McDermott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833
Donna McDermott is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker practicing in the seacoast area of New Hampshire. She graduated from The University of New Hampshire with a masters of social work. Donna is known for providing a safe, non-judgmental and compassionate space for individuals. Donna integrates her professional training with her life experience to help others heal and grow. Her main areas of of focus include depression, anxiety, attachment, divorce and trauma. Donna specializes in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.
Donna McDermott is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker practicing in the seacoast area of New Hampshire. She graduated from The University of New Hampshire with a masters of social work. Donna is known for providing a safe, non-judgmental and compassionate space for individuals. Donna integrates her professional training with her life experience to help others heal and grow. Her main areas of of focus include depression, anxiety, attachment, divorce and trauma. Donna specializes in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.
(888) 290-2808 View (888) 290-2808
Photo of Shaw Tilton - Shaw Tilton, LICSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shaw Tilton, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833
Not accepting new clients
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. I am a licensed clinical social worker specializing in trauma, transitions and transformations through Self Leadership. I assist clients in finding self-compassion, connection, and inner freedom. I am motivated to help people discover new and forgotten possibilities within themselves. I help clients trust themselves, learn from themselves, and live in harmony with their values and goals. This is accomplished in a safe, judgment-free space where clients feel supported and enabled to do their important work, as I believe all people are whole, capable and resourceful.
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. I am a licensed clinical social worker specializing in trauma, transitions and transformations through Self Leadership. I assist clients in finding self-compassion, connection, and inner freedom. I am motivated to help people discover new and forgotten possibilities within themselves. I help clients trust themselves, learn from themselves, and live in harmony with their values and goals. This is accomplished in a safe, judgment-free space where clients feel supported and enabled to do their important work, as I believe all people are whole, capable and resourceful.
(857) 323-5153 View (857) 323-5153
Photo of John Potter - John Potter, Behavior Pathways, LLC, BCBA-D, PsyD
John Potter, Behavior Pathways, LLC
BCBA-D, PsyD
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833
Welcome! My practice offers in-home behavioral consultation and treatment for adolescents. Guided by ABA, ACT and SBT therapies, we'll address areas of concern, set goals and develop in-home supports to help your child build skills, improve behavior, and gain a sense of well-being. The impact on your child’s social/emotional functioning, self-esteem, and relationships, as well as your family dynamic, is profound. I have 30 years of experience helping adolescents, including 24 years as a school psychologist and behavior specialist in NH schools. I look forward to the opportunity to work with you! John Potter, Behavior Pathways, LLC.
Welcome! My practice offers in-home behavioral consultation and treatment for adolescents. Guided by ABA, ACT and SBT therapies, we'll address areas of concern, set goals and develop in-home supports to help your child build skills, improve behavior, and gain a sense of well-being. The impact on your child’s social/emotional functioning, self-esteem, and relationships, as well as your family dynamic, is profound. I have 30 years of experience helping adolescents, including 24 years as a school psychologist and behavior specialist in NH schools. I look forward to the opportunity to work with you! John Potter, Behavior Pathways, LLC.
(603) 205-2783 View (603) 205-2783
Photo of Dr. Marissa A. Mosley, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Marissa A. Mosley
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833  (Online Only)
You may be here because you want to be able to adapt to a new transition, acknowledge and process difficult emotions, and engage in growth. Wherever you are in the process, I will meet you where you're at to help you get to where you want to be. Therapy asks that you be vulnerable, trusting, ready for change, and willing to do the work and I am honored to be considered as your therapist.
You may be here because you want to be able to adapt to a new transition, acknowledge and process difficult emotions, and engage in growth. Wherever you are in the process, I will meet you where you're at to help you get to where you want to be. Therapy asks that you be vulnerable, trusting, ready for change, and willing to do the work and I am honored to be considered as your therapist.
(603) 413-4959 View (603) 413-4959
Photo of Michelle Smith, LMHC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michelle Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Raymond, NH 03077  (Online Only)
Welcome to your new beginning! You're doing the best you can, AND you can do better! If you have found yourself struggling with life maybe it's time to allow me to support you through your self-exploration journey. I believe everyone has the potential to manifest a life worth living, and I would love to help you take the steps towards making your vision your reality. I provide a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and will meet you where you are at to help support you to reaching those goals!
Welcome to your new beginning! You're doing the best you can, AND you can do better! If you have found yourself struggling with life maybe it's time to allow me to support you through your self-exploration journey. I believe everyone has the potential to manifest a life worth living, and I would love to help you take the steps towards making your vision your reality. I provide a client-centered, non-judgmental approach and will meet you where you are at to help support you to reaching those goals!
(405) 500-2375 View (405) 500-2375
Photo of Joshua Carlson - Little Harbor Psychological Services, PLLC, PsyD, Psychologist
Little Harbor Psychological Services, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am available and reachable. Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, disconnected, or isolated? Is communicating with others becoming more difficult? If you feel unmotivated or spend time worrying, psychotherapy can often be effective. Whether undergoing a transition or struggling with a recent change, my aim is to empower and help individuals thrive. I provide psychotherapy services to individuals, couples, and families while bringing compassion, cultural sensitivity and empathy. It takes courage to contact a therapist for help; congratulations taking this first step.
Welcome! I am available and reachable. Are you feeling stressed, overwhelmed, disconnected, or isolated? Is communicating with others becoming more difficult? If you feel unmotivated or spend time worrying, psychotherapy can often be effective. Whether undergoing a transition or struggling with a recent change, my aim is to empower and help individuals thrive. I provide psychotherapy services to individuals, couples, and families while bringing compassion, cultural sensitivity and empathy. It takes courage to contact a therapist for help; congratulations taking this first step.
(603) 606-9072 View (603) 606-9072
Photo of Phyllis Craig, PhD, Psychologist
Phyllis Craig
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833
Not accepting new clients
Are you a person who wishes to work through relationship difficulties, trauma, anxiety, depression or self-esteem issues in a practical and compassionate way? Are you interested in a more holistic approach that addresses emotions, cognitions, body armor and inner spiritual resources? If so, we can collaborate to release old patterns and access creative energy, build confidence and insight and enhance work and relationships. Trauma, mood disorders, transitions, grief and loss, sexual identity issues, and family issues are common areas of concern that can transform through a positive, strengths-based approach.
Are you a person who wishes to work through relationship difficulties, trauma, anxiety, depression or self-esteem issues in a practical and compassionate way? Are you interested in a more holistic approach that addresses emotions, cognitions, body armor and inner spiritual resources? If so, we can collaborate to release old patterns and access creative energy, build confidence and insight and enhance work and relationships. Trauma, mood disorders, transitions, grief and loss, sexual identity issues, and family issues are common areas of concern that can transform through a positive, strengths-based approach.
(603) 932-5760 View (603) 932-5760
Photo of Jim Michaels, LCMHC, Counselor
Jim Michaels
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833
Jim Michaels is a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and Master Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor in New Hampshire who has his Doctorate in Theology and has been practicing since 2011. Jim believes that every person should live their best possible lives, and at times this requires that someone walks with us to grow and flourish. Jim is trained in multiple evidence-based interventions to help others attain their goals. As a U. S. Marine, Jim understands the unique mindset that military veterans and their families face.
Jim Michaels is a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and Master Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor in New Hampshire who has his Doctorate in Theology and has been practicing since 2011. Jim believes that every person should live their best possible lives, and at times this requires that someone walks with us to grow and flourish. Jim is trained in multiple evidence-based interventions to help others attain their goals. As a U. S. Marine, Jim understands the unique mindset that military veterans and their families face.
(603) 952-3098 View (603) 952-3098
Photo of Wendy Spalinger - Wendy Spalinger, LICSW - LifeBalance Counseling, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Spalinger, LICSW - LifeBalance Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Hampstead, NH 03841
We are currently accepting new clients for both telehealth and in-person appointments! Here at LifeBalance, we believe that anyone can benefit from therapy. We have a team ready to help you restore balance and create lasting change. We can support challenges with depression, anxiety, trauma, or relationships Fill out a screening for services from our website.
We are currently accepting new clients for both telehealth and in-person appointments! Here at LifeBalance, we believe that anyone can benefit from therapy. We have a team ready to help you restore balance and create lasting change. We can support challenges with depression, anxiety, trauma, or relationships Fill out a screening for services from our website.
(603) 332-8000 View (603) 332-8000
Photo of Scott D. Singleton, LCMHC, LMHC, MEd, Counselor
Scott D. Singleton
Counselor, LCMHC, LMHC, MEd
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833
They Say "It takes a Village" Do you ever worry that you're just not getting through to your child? Does it seem like no matter what you try, nothing seems to work? Some families don't have a "village" to help them with all the different struggles kids face today. I have worked in many different settings; hospitals, group homes, schools, residential treatment centers, and clinical outpatient offices. I have helped lots of children of all age ranges and their families with similar situations that you're probably facing.
They Say "It takes a Village" Do you ever worry that you're just not getting through to your child? Does it seem like no matter what you try, nothing seems to work? Some families don't have a "village" to help them with all the different struggles kids face today. I have worked in many different settings; hospitals, group homes, schools, residential treatment centers, and clinical outpatient offices. I have helped lots of children of all age ranges and their families with similar situations that you're probably facing.
(603) 605-1218 View (603) 605-1218
Photo of Michelle Lee Simons, MS, LADC, I, CADC, RCP, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Michelle Lee Simons
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LADC, I, CADC, RCP
Verified Verified
Epping, NH 03042  (Online Only)
As a person in long term recovery myself I adopt a 'meet people where they're at' approach, ensuring individuals in any stage of recovery never feel judged for not being 'ready.' With over two decades of experience, I've worked in the field since 2002 with various substance use agencies in both urban and suburban areas. Additionally, I spent a prior decade engaging in 'field research' alongside years of integrated living experience. My personal journey has revealed that establishing a robust recovery support system, with a foundation in spirituality, can lead to a lasting and fulfilling life in recovery.
As a person in long term recovery myself I adopt a 'meet people where they're at' approach, ensuring individuals in any stage of recovery never feel judged for not being 'ready.' With over two decades of experience, I've worked in the field since 2002 with various substance use agencies in both urban and suburban areas. Additionally, I spent a prior decade engaging in 'field research' alongside years of integrated living experience. My personal journey has revealed that establishing a robust recovery support system, with a foundation in spirituality, can lead to a lasting and fulfilling life in recovery.
(781) 394-9823 View (781) 394-9823
Photo of Ozgur Akbas, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ozgur Akbas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Exeter, NH 03833
Wellness is more than an absence of problems; it is an experience of living life to the fullest. Recognizing that the resources for healing and negotiating interpersonal conflicts already exist within us, I rely on a sensitive understanding of each individual and the unique abilities they can further develop to achieve their goals.
Wellness is more than an absence of problems; it is an experience of living life to the fullest. Recognizing that the resources for healing and negotiating interpersonal conflicts already exist within us, I rely on a sensitive understanding of each individual and the unique abilities they can further develop to achieve their goals.
(603) 446-6317 View (603) 446-6317
Photo of Meredith Orchard-Blowen, MS, LCMHC, MLADC, LLC, Counselor
Meredith Orchard-Blowen
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, MLADC, LLC
Verified Verified
Exeter, NH 03833  (Online Only)
Welcome to my 100 % telehealth practice. I provide psychotherapy and substance use services to individuals, couples and families. I am committed to working with diverse individuals (LGBTQ+), ages 14 and older, tailoring varied therapeutic methods as needed to best support them in creating meaningful change in their lives. I also work with couples; providing space and support to deepen their connection, further their communication skills and enable them to move more successfully through conflict. Additionally, I provide court ordered substance use treatment and evaluations.
Welcome to my 100 % telehealth practice. I provide psychotherapy and substance use services to individuals, couples and families. I am committed to working with diverse individuals (LGBTQ+), ages 14 and older, tailoring varied therapeutic methods as needed to best support them in creating meaningful change in their lives. I also work with couples; providing space and support to deepen their connection, further their communication skills and enable them to move more successfully through conflict. Additionally, I provide court ordered substance use treatment and evaluations.
(603) 678-4304 View (603) 678-4304

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fremont, NH

< 10

Therapists in Fremont, NH who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress
67% Life Coaching
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

24 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Fremont, NH see their clients

66% Online Only
34% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

50% Female
50% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fremont?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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