Therapists in Springfield, OR

Photo of Alex Harrison, LPC-RA, MA
Alex Harrison
Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-RA, MA
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
All areas of our lives are influenced and shaped by our relationships and events. Whether you are struggling with depression or anxiety or maybe struggling with a relationship, I am here to walk through and provide guidance as we are able to gain new perspectives! Together we will practice mindfulness and identify the strength you already have inside of you. It can be overwhelming and difficult to reach out for help which is why I believe counseling should be a safe space that provides a place for growth and exploration.
All areas of our lives are influenced and shaped by our relationships and events. Whether you are struggling with depression or anxiety or maybe struggling with a relationship, I am here to walk through and provide guidance as we are able to gain new perspectives! Together we will practice mindfulness and identify the strength you already have inside of you. It can be overwhelming and difficult to reach out for help which is why I believe counseling should be a safe space that provides a place for growth and exploration.
(541) 423-2633 View (541) 423-2633
Photo of Karina Lopez, MA
Karina Lopez
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, OR 97477
I believe that mental health is of utmost importance in order to function as a healthy individual and that it also affects and relates to our physical, emotional and spiritual health. I believe all of these areas are interconnected and have an impact on how we view ourselves, those around us and how we perceive our world.
I believe that mental health is of utmost importance in order to function as a healthy individual and that it also affects and relates to our physical, emotional and spiritual health. I believe all of these areas are interconnected and have an impact on how we view ourselves, those around us and how we perceive our world.
(541) 813-4754 View (541) 813-4754
Photo of Beth Foulke, MA, NCC
Beth Foulke
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97478  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients Through Teletherapy. Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? Feeling overwhelmed in this journey we call life? We all have the strength and resiliency to overcome life’s struggles. I am honored to assist you through and help you to discover the silver linings.
Accepting New Clients Through Teletherapy. Are you struggling with anxiety or depression? Feeling overwhelmed in this journey we call life? We all have the strength and resiliency to overcome life’s struggles. I am honored to assist you through and help you to discover the silver linings.
(541) 283-0613 View (541) 283-0613
Photo of Jarod Scott, MS,  APC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jarod Scott
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, APC
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
Coey believes that we thrive when we can engage in experiences of safety, acceptance, and creative agency, and we adapt to survive and make sense of events even when our options and resources seem limited. Their approach integrates the evidencebased theoretical framework of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with supportive responses from other modalities. Their main areas of focus include affirmative care for the LGBT community; exploration and navigation of life transitions; and mindful selfadvocacy in response to experiences associated with anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Coey believes that we thrive when we can engage in experiences of safety, acceptance, and creative agency, and we adapt to survive and make sense of events even when our options and resources seem limited. Their approach integrates the evidencebased theoretical framework of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) with supportive responses from other modalities. Their main areas of focus include affirmative care for the LGBT community; exploration and navigation of life transitions; and mindful selfadvocacy in response to experiences associated with anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(541) 937-9335 View (541) 937-9335
Photo of Mike Martin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mike Martin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
I believe that everyone has a right to live the life that they desire however, life does not always work out how we hope. We cannot predict the events that will happen to us or how they will impact our lives. However, we have the ability to choose how we will respond to those events. As a therapist, I get to be a partner as you seek to change your life for the better. I believe that education, practical application, evidence-based techniques, and a focus on measurable outcomes is the fastest way to achieve the client’s goals. I believe that therapy should only be for as long as needed, with a focus on achieving the client's goals.
I believe that everyone has a right to live the life that they desire however, life does not always work out how we hope. We cannot predict the events that will happen to us or how they will impact our lives. However, we have the ability to choose how we will respond to those events. As a therapist, I get to be a partner as you seek to change your life for the better. I believe that education, practical application, evidence-based techniques, and a focus on measurable outcomes is the fastest way to achieve the client’s goals. I believe that therapy should only be for as long as needed, with a focus on achieving the client's goals.
(541) 423-2633 View (541) 423-2633
Photo of Taylor Van Rysselberghe
Taylor Van Rysselberghe
Professional Counselor Associate
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
Just as we need air to breathe and survive, we need connection and compassion to heal and thrive. I believe your mental health is just as important as other aspects of your health and dealing with feelings like anger, shame, ambivalence, and loneliness isn’t something you should have to do alone. At times we need to talk and reflect on our issues, other times we need to make direct changes to our circumstances and lifestyles. In either case, I am happily honored to be your counselor and meet your needs while dealing with the uncertainty, depression, anxiety, or disconnection that comes with the struggle of being human.
Just as we need air to breathe and survive, we need connection and compassion to heal and thrive. I believe your mental health is just as important as other aspects of your health and dealing with feelings like anger, shame, ambivalence, and loneliness isn’t something you should have to do alone. At times we need to talk and reflect on our issues, other times we need to make direct changes to our circumstances and lifestyles. In either case, I am happily honored to be your counselor and meet your needs while dealing with the uncertainty, depression, anxiety, or disconnection that comes with the struggle of being human.
(541) 833-7897 x1 View (541) 833-7897 x1
Photo of Dawnne Howard Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Dawnne Howard Professional Counselor Associate
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, OR 97477  (Online Only)
My approach includes understanding that trust and rapport is important to foster a therapeutic relationship that can help facilitate the change you want to see in your life. The belief that each person is uniquely made from their specific experiences drives my passion to connect and tailor treatment to each person’s individual needs. Treatment with me includes helping you reach your goals by helping you develop the tools and skills needed to grow in confidence as you become the person you want to be. I enjoy working on topics that include but are not limited to building self-esteem and self-worth, learning to manage strong emotions.
My approach includes understanding that trust and rapport is important to foster a therapeutic relationship that can help facilitate the change you want to see in your life. The belief that each person is uniquely made from their specific experiences drives my passion to connect and tailor treatment to each person’s individual needs. Treatment with me includes helping you reach your goals by helping you develop the tools and skills needed to grow in confidence as you become the person you want to be. I enjoy working on topics that include but are not limited to building self-esteem and self-worth, learning to manage strong emotions.
(503) 917-3939 View (503) 917-3939
Photo of Chantia Sturman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chantia Sturman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477  (Online Only)
I provide individual and group online counseling for two specialties: eating disorders and Christian-based therapy. Have you spent countless hours (or years) struggling with your relationship with food and your body? For many this is a battle that not only impacts your mental health, but also impacts your relationships, college or career performance, and overall well being. Recovery from issues related to food and body image is possible. I use knowledge acquired from specialized training in eating disorders/disordered eating and body image to walk alongside you as you navigate the road toward healing.
I provide individual and group online counseling for two specialties: eating disorders and Christian-based therapy. Have you spent countless hours (or years) struggling with your relationship with food and your body? For many this is a battle that not only impacts your mental health, but also impacts your relationships, college or career performance, and overall well being. Recovery from issues related to food and body image is possible. I use knowledge acquired from specialized training in eating disorders/disordered eating and body image to walk alongside you as you navigate the road toward healing.
(541) 275-2259 View (541) 275-2259
Photo of Andrea Davenport, LPC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea Davenport
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477  (Online Only)
I received a Masters of Arts in Art Therapy Counseling from Marylhurst University in 2011 and have been a Licensed Professional Counselor since 2017. My background includes supporting youth, adults, families and experiencing trauma, domestic violence, navigating different systems including child welfare, family conflict and housing instability. I have experience supporting clients from diverse backgrounds different from my own and the LGBTQA+ community.
I received a Masters of Arts in Art Therapy Counseling from Marylhurst University in 2011 and have been a Licensed Professional Counselor since 2017. My background includes supporting youth, adults, families and experiencing trauma, domestic violence, navigating different systems including child welfare, family conflict and housing instability. I have experience supporting clients from diverse backgrounds different from my own and the LGBTQA+ community.
(541) 631-4148 x1 View (541) 631-4148 x1
Photo of Glen Ruderman, Pre-Licensed Professional
Glen Ruderman
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
I believe the most valuable therapeutic relationships are those that honor and validate your past and present experiences, with the intention of identifying and navigating obstacles to healing and growth. I approach our work together with respect, empathy, curiosity, and authenticity, so you have a safe supportive place to explore: patterns of thought, feeling, physical sensation, and behavior; your relationship with yourself and with the important people in your life; and the valued directions in which you would like to travel.
I believe the most valuable therapeutic relationships are those that honor and validate your past and present experiences, with the intention of identifying and navigating obstacles to healing and growth. I approach our work together with respect, empathy, curiosity, and authenticity, so you have a safe supportive place to explore: patterns of thought, feeling, physical sensation, and behavior; your relationship with yourself and with the important people in your life; and the valued directions in which you would like to travel.
(541) 348-6286 x1 View (541) 348-6286 x1
Photo of Lena Monteverdi, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lena Monteverdi
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477  (Online Only)
Everyone is at different stages in their process of healing. I find it important to work with individuals within their context, and respect where they are in their readiness to heal. I will always go at the client’s pace and follow their lead. I take a gentle, compassionate approach and highlight the importance of forming therapeutic relationships with clients. Together we can identify the steps that need to be taken on the therapeutic journey. I believe that therapy is meant to be a space that provides individuals with the capacity to grow and heal.
Everyone is at different stages in their process of healing. I find it important to work with individuals within their context, and respect where they are in their readiness to heal. I will always go at the client’s pace and follow their lead. I take a gentle, compassionate approach and highlight the importance of forming therapeutic relationships with clients. Together we can identify the steps that need to be taken on the therapeutic journey. I believe that therapy is meant to be a space that provides individuals with the capacity to grow and heal.
(541) 813-5012 x1 View (541) 813-5012 x1
Photo of Joshua Knotts
Joshua Knotts
Professional Counselor Associate
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
Welcome. I am a native Oregonian. I was born in Lane County and have lived here most of my life. I started working in mental health 10 years ago. I have experience working with individuals from several backgrounds including dual diagnoses, Acquired and Traumatic brain injuries, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Psychosis, borderline, LGBTQIA2S+, and Autism. I have worked with a range of ages from elementary to senior citizens.
Welcome. I am a native Oregonian. I was born in Lane County and have lived here most of my life. I started working in mental health 10 years ago. I have experience working with individuals from several backgrounds including dual diagnoses, Acquired and Traumatic brain injuries, Intellectual and developmental disabilities, Psychosis, borderline, LGBTQIA2S+, and Autism. I have worked with a range of ages from elementary to senior citizens.
(541) 802-5981 x1 View (541) 802-5981 x1
Photo of Dusty Destler, PhD, LMHC, LPC, BC-TMH, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dusty Destler
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC, BC-TMH, NCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97475
Waitlist for new clients
Whatever your reason for seeking counseling, my aim is to join you so you're not alone. I can help with immediate pressing needs, highlight strengths and areas for growth, and collaborate on goals until they are achieved. What kind of therapeutic space do you prefer? I can hold the gentle, provide a light push, or be direct. We can move through your current issue together and learn how to boost your awareness, confidence, and skills. Let's team up and help you grow and thrive beyond counseling. I currently have limited availability, but please feel free to inquire. I'm glad to meet with you for a free consult.
Whatever your reason for seeking counseling, my aim is to join you so you're not alone. I can help with immediate pressing needs, highlight strengths and areas for growth, and collaborate on goals until they are achieved. What kind of therapeutic space do you prefer? I can hold the gentle, provide a light push, or be direct. We can move through your current issue together and learn how to boost your awareness, confidence, and skills. Let's team up and help you grow and thrive beyond counseling. I currently have limited availability, but please feel free to inquire. I'm glad to meet with you for a free consult.
(206) 590-3749 View (206) 590-3749
Photo of Emma Boyer, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emma Boyer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
I believe that choosing to engage in therapy is one of the bravest acts that one can do for themselves. It requires a person to acknowledge and confront potentially painful experiences and negative core beliefs that can have become foundational. Therapy can help to establish a healthier foundation. I strive to develop a therapeutic relationship by cultivating collaboration, encouraging vulnerability, challenging avoidance, and acknowledging how difficult all of this can be to navigate. I view myself, and the therapy space, as a container in which to foster change and I approach every client with empathy, curiosity and compassion.
I believe that choosing to engage in therapy is one of the bravest acts that one can do for themselves. It requires a person to acknowledge and confront potentially painful experiences and negative core beliefs that can have become foundational. Therapy can help to establish a healthier foundation. I strive to develop a therapeutic relationship by cultivating collaboration, encouraging vulnerability, challenging avoidance, and acknowledging how difficult all of this can be to navigate. I view myself, and the therapy space, as a container in which to foster change and I approach every client with empathy, curiosity and compassion.
(541) 293-0809 View (541) 293-0809
Photo of Aaron Porter - Summit Wellness Counseling, LLC(Aaron Porter, LPC), LPC, LMFT, QMHP, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Summit Wellness Counseling, LLC(Aaron Porter, LPC)
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT, QMHP, MS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Springfield, OR 97477  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Currently the waitlist is closed. Please check back in 30-90 days. Are you longing for relief from stress, anxiety, and emotions following hardships? I help anxious and overwhelmed people feel relief, contentment, and make lasting changes in their lives and relationships. People I work with have often done their best to manage difficult cycles of emotions that they feel inside, and experience in their relationships. Despite their best efforts, they can’t help but notice that stress follows them into many areas of their lives. I help my clients access inner and outer resources they need to heal, grow, and accomplish their goals.
Currently the waitlist is closed. Please check back in 30-90 days. Are you longing for relief from stress, anxiety, and emotions following hardships? I help anxious and overwhelmed people feel relief, contentment, and make lasting changes in their lives and relationships. People I work with have often done their best to manage difficult cycles of emotions that they feel inside, and experience in their relationships. Despite their best efforts, they can’t help but notice that stress follows them into many areas of their lives. I help my clients access inner and outer resources they need to heal, grow, and accomplish their goals.
(541) 203-6698 View (541) 203-6698
Photo of Codie Wilson, LPC-A, Pre-Licensed Professional
Codie Wilson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
I strive to create a warm and welcoming space for you to grow and heal. I believe that counseling can help you find strength and empowerment, stability, meaning and connection in your life, and provide a nonjudgmental space to process and work through issues. I am located at Oregon Directions Counseling in Springfield. Please contact the office staff at the phone number or email listed for scheduling.
I strive to create a warm and welcoming space for you to grow and heal. I believe that counseling can help you find strength and empowerment, stability, meaning and connection in your life, and provide a nonjudgmental space to process and work through issues. I am located at Oregon Directions Counseling in Springfield. Please contact the office staff at the phone number or email listed for scheduling.
(541) 275-6437 x1 View (541) 275-6437 x1
Photo of Kristen Doecke, MA, LPC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristen Doecke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Currently Offering Telehealth Only in Oregon and Missouri. Finding an opportunity to heal takes courage and is often a decision made in isolation. I believe everyone deserves access to healing spaces so that we can live a more connected, authentic and resilient life. The wounds we carry often keep us from feeling a sense of meaning, purpose and community. Finding a safe space to heal in the world we live in can feel impossible. My work focuses on creating this space together. It's my goal to help you better understand the systems that stand in the way of your healing and that prevent you from accessing the support you really need.
Currently Offering Telehealth Only in Oregon and Missouri. Finding an opportunity to heal takes courage and is often a decision made in isolation. I believe everyone deserves access to healing spaces so that we can live a more connected, authentic and resilient life. The wounds we carry often keep us from feeling a sense of meaning, purpose and community. Finding a safe space to heal in the world we live in can feel impossible. My work focuses on creating this space together. It's my goal to help you better understand the systems that stand in the way of your healing and that prevent you from accessing the support you really need.
(541) 735-9062 View (541) 735-9062
Photo of Dezire Aka D Cavitta, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dezire Aka D Cavitta
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
Welcome, my name is Dezire “D” Cavitta, and I look forward to meeting you. I believe cultural diversity enriches our understanding of human experiences, and I strive to create a culturally sensitive and inclusive therapeutic environment that empowers clients to achieve personal growth. I am part of the LGBTQIA+ community. I identify as non-binary using, they/them pronouns. I address concerns holistically which encompasses mental, physical, social, spiritual, and sexual health. I view clients as resourceful and resilient individuals with unique strengths, empowering them to overcome challenges and achieve personal growth.
Welcome, my name is Dezire “D” Cavitta, and I look forward to meeting you. I believe cultural diversity enriches our understanding of human experiences, and I strive to create a culturally sensitive and inclusive therapeutic environment that empowers clients to achieve personal growth. I am part of the LGBTQIA+ community. I identify as non-binary using, they/them pronouns. I address concerns holistically which encompasses mental, physical, social, spiritual, and sexual health. I view clients as resourceful and resilient individuals with unique strengths, empowering them to overcome challenges and achieve personal growth.
(541) 991-5934 View (541) 991-5934
Photo of James Hare, LPC, QMHP, MAC, CADCIII, Licensed Professional Counselor
James Hare
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, QMHP, MAC, CADCIII
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Springfield, OR 97478  (Online Only)
Thank you for viewing my counseling profile. I have had the privilege of working with individuals from a variety of backgrounds and challenges. I have helped individuals working through issues related to self-esteem, depression, anxiety, various addictions, and relational or life transition issues. Many of the people that I have worked with share a common trait regardless of the reason they seek counseling: previous trauma(s). I also provide assessments for Emotional Support Animal Letters for those that experience an emotional health benefit from their animal companion.
Thank you for viewing my counseling profile. I have had the privilege of working with individuals from a variety of backgrounds and challenges. I have helped individuals working through issues related to self-esteem, depression, anxiety, various addictions, and relational or life transition issues. Many of the people that I have worked with share a common trait regardless of the reason they seek counseling: previous trauma(s). I also provide assessments for Emotional Support Animal Letters for those that experience an emotional health benefit from their animal companion.
(541) 532-8949 View (541) 532-8949
Photo of Jackie Martin, CSWA
Jackie Martin
Clinical Social Work Associate, CSWA
Verified Verified
Springfield, OR 97477
I am committed to supporting individuals on their journey towards healing and personal growth. I am experienced in working with diverse populations with a wide range of mental health concerns including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship, and self-esteem issues. I am genuinely passionate about mental health and strive to cultivate an empathic, non-judgmental approach.
I am committed to supporting individuals on their journey towards healing and personal growth. I am experienced in working with diverse populations with a wide range of mental health concerns including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship, and self-esteem issues. I am genuinely passionate about mental health and strive to cultivate an empathic, non-judgmental approach.
(541) 423-9065 View (541) 423-9065
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Springfield, OR

200+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Springfield, OR who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
85% Trauma and PTSD
72% Grief
70% Relationship Issues
65% Self Esteem
63% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% PacificSource
51% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
48% Other

How Therapists in Springfield, OR see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
27% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Springfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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