Therapists in Parkwood

Photo of Deepesh Nirmaldas Dayal - Conscious Psychology - Deepesh Dayal, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Conscious Psychology - Deepesh Dayal
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parkwood 2193  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Deepesh Dayal, a Counselling Psychologist at Conscious Psychology, offering online therapy. My career was initially in the education field, and from the start of my professional career, I have always been an active community volunteer, across a range of different community projects. This ignited a deep interest in helping people, and pursuing a new path, to become a practising counselling psychologist.
Hi, I’m Deepesh Dayal, a Counselling Psychologist at Conscious Psychology, offering online therapy. My career was initially in the education field, and from the start of my professional career, I have always been an active community volunteer, across a range of different community projects. This ignited a deep interest in helping people, and pursuing a new path, to become a practising counselling psychologist.
087 250 2962 x15 View 087 250 2962 x15
Photo of Nare Matlou, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Nare Matlou
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkwood 2193
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist with the HPCSA. I offer an integrative approach to treatment, which involves selecting techniques and concepts from different therapeutic orientations that are best suited for the client’s problem and goals. I aim to provide a holistic and comprehensive approach to addressing my client’s psychological and emotional needs. This is to navigate and understand the various aspects that are influential to the development of mental difficulties such as biology, relationships, thoughts, social stressors and spirituality. I offer short- and long-term psychotherapy to children, teenagers, and adults.
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist with the HPCSA. I offer an integrative approach to treatment, which involves selecting techniques and concepts from different therapeutic orientations that are best suited for the client’s problem and goals. I aim to provide a holistic and comprehensive approach to addressing my client’s psychological and emotional needs. This is to navigate and understand the various aspects that are influential to the development of mental difficulties such as biology, relationships, thoughts, social stressors and spirituality. I offer short- and long-term psychotherapy to children, teenagers, and adults.
087 250 2464 x64 View 087 250 2464 x64
Photo of Dr. Lucinda Tsunga, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Lucinda Tsunga
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Parkwood 2193
We can work together if you, your child or family member experiences cognitive difficulties such as memory problems or have had a traumatic brain injury, stroke, ADHD, learning/behavioural difficulties, or neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia. You may require comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and personalized rehabilitation strategies to improve cognitive functioning and adapt to daily challenges. I can also work with you if you need therapeutic support, possibly using BrainWorking Recursive Therapy (BWRT) for trauma or other emotional difficulties .
We can work together if you, your child or family member experiences cognitive difficulties such as memory problems or have had a traumatic brain injury, stroke, ADHD, learning/behavioural difficulties, or neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia. You may require comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and personalized rehabilitation strategies to improve cognitive functioning and adapt to daily challenges. I can also work with you if you need therapeutic support, possibly using BrainWorking Recursive Therapy (BWRT) for trauma or other emotional difficulties .
087 250 0513 x33 View 087 250 0513 x33
Photo of Marilyn Ann Donaldson, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Marilyn Ann Donaldson
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parkwood 2193
I have been a therapist for 29yrs and have been privileged to share many patients stories of sadness, loneliness, anxiety fear and tragedy. I have witnessed courage, perseverance and the untangling of the recent past and the deeper past in order to live more healthily with themselves and in relationship to others. I believe the quality of the relationship between myself and my patients creates a safe space in which to explore both the conscious and unconscious factors that lead to the breakdown or impediments to the above relationships.
I have been a therapist for 29yrs and have been privileged to share many patients stories of sadness, loneliness, anxiety fear and tragedy. I have witnessed courage, perseverance and the untangling of the recent past and the deeper past in order to live more healthily with themselves and in relationship to others. I believe the quality of the relationship between myself and my patients creates a safe space in which to explore both the conscious and unconscious factors that lead to the breakdown or impediments to the above relationships.
087 250 0162 x65 View 087 250 0162 x65
Photo of Faatema Dollie, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Faatema Dollie
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parkwood 2193
I am Clinical Psychologist based in Parktown that sees adults and adolescents struggling with interpersonal dynamics, depression, anxiety and emotional dysregulation. In addition, I specialise in providing parents with counselling when they are feeling overwhelmed and need some guidance.
I am Clinical Psychologist based in Parktown that sees adults and adolescents struggling with interpersonal dynamics, depression, anxiety and emotional dysregulation. In addition, I specialise in providing parents with counselling when they are feeling overwhelmed and need some guidance.
087 250 0616 x44 View 087 250 0616 x44

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Khumo Masege, MA, Registered Counsellor
Khumo Masege
Registered Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
Sandton City 2196  (Online Only)
I help LGBTQ+ (or questioning) and marginalized people struggling with identity development, sex/sexual health issues, relational trauma & self-worth/self-esteem, cultivate a fulfilling relationship with themself and others within the context of rigid cultural expectations. Feeling seen is a human need, and often, in an effort to be accepted we push down the very parts of ourselves that make us unique in favor of accomplishment, likability and to avoid punishment or embarrassment.
I help LGBTQ+ (or questioning) and marginalized people struggling with identity development, sex/sexual health issues, relational trauma & self-worth/self-esteem, cultivate a fulfilling relationship with themself and others within the context of rigid cultural expectations. Feeling seen is a human need, and often, in an effort to be accepted we push down the very parts of ourselves that make us unique in favor of accomplishment, likability and to avoid punishment or embarrassment.
View
Photo of Melanie Vivienne Anthony, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Melanie Vivienne Anthony
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Parkhurst 2193
I offer short and long-term therapy for adults, adolescents and couples, focus on providing a kind, thoughtful and non-judgemental space within which to work with my clients. I treat anxiety, depression, trauma and relationship conflicts, sexual and sexual orientation, the elderly, among other issues, tailoring the treatment to my clients’ individual needs. I believe in the spirit of the human condition to overcome adversity and awaken the unique potential within us and assist the process of dynamic growth. I offer national and international online and telephonic sessions; and face to face consultations at my practice.
I offer short and long-term therapy for adults, adolescents and couples, focus on providing a kind, thoughtful and non-judgemental space within which to work with my clients. I treat anxiety, depression, trauma and relationship conflicts, sexual and sexual orientation, the elderly, among other issues, tailoring the treatment to my clients’ individual needs. I believe in the spirit of the human condition to overcome adversity and awaken the unique potential within us and assist the process of dynamic growth. I offer national and international online and telephonic sessions; and face to face consultations at my practice.
087 250 0160 x39 View 087 250 0160 x39
Photo of Angie Rambaran, General Counsellor
Angie Rambaran
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Montgomery Park 2195
Everyone today is facing many challenges and lack of belongingness within the society. The difficult circumstances that they face are because of limited opportunities, viable employment and health and social services. These challenges that they endure affect them both internally and externally which can be overwhelming and thus inhibits them from reaching their full potential.
Everyone today is facing many challenges and lack of belongingness within the society. The difficult circumstances that they face are because of limited opportunities, viable employment and health and social services. These challenges that they endure affect them both internally and externally which can be overwhelming and thus inhibits them from reaching their full potential.
087 250 2748 x25 View 087 250 2748 x25
Photo of Naledi Mokoena, MA, HPCSA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Naledi Mokoena
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Rosebank 2196
I am here to offer compassionate support, while building resilient and strong children who can thrive in this world. I specialise in developmental assessments and therapy. Most especially in autism and neurodiversity. In addition, I offer a wide range of assessments for children, adolescents and young adults. The goal is to offer practical recommendations on how to best support your child / yourself through developmental challenges. I also have a team of psychologists with whom I work to offer the support you need.
I am here to offer compassionate support, while building resilient and strong children who can thrive in this world. I specialise in developmental assessments and therapy. Most especially in autism and neurodiversity. In addition, I offer a wide range of assessments for children, adolescents and young adults. The goal is to offer practical recommendations on how to best support your child / yourself through developmental challenges. I also have a team of psychologists with whom I work to offer the support you need.
087 250 2042 x39 View 087 250 2042 x39
Photo of Bomikazi Lupindo, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Bomikazi Lupindo
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Johannesburg 2092  (Online Only)
My psychotherapy approach is client orientated, integrative and has a holistic focus. I utilise knowledge, tools and techniques from multiple psychotherapeutic approaches to understand the cause and perpetuating factors contributing to my clients’ difficulties. This allows me to work collaboratively with them, to help them work through and overcome their problems. My focus emphasizes balancing clients’ psychological, emotional, relational and physical well-being to help them learn to manage all aspects of their lives. My aim is not only to help my clients, but to give them the tools and insights they need to notice problems arise.
My psychotherapy approach is client orientated, integrative and has a holistic focus. I utilise knowledge, tools and techniques from multiple psychotherapeutic approaches to understand the cause and perpetuating factors contributing to my clients’ difficulties. This allows me to work collaboratively with them, to help them work through and overcome their problems. My focus emphasizes balancing clients’ psychological, emotional, relational and physical well-being to help them learn to manage all aspects of their lives. My aim is not only to help my clients, but to give them the tools and insights they need to notice problems arise.
087 250 0412 x57 View 087 250 0412 x57
Photo of Theo Erns Botha, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Theo Erns Botha
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Linden 2104
Theo works with a broad range of both in- and outpatients, particularly those whom are struggling with emotionally difficult situations, life transitions, and crisis (including trauma or coping too). That being said, if you are someone who thinks they can benefit from someone who helps you become a better you, you're at the right place. Theo is particularly fond of working with adolescents and students going through difficult times, but enjoys working with improving the healthy functioning of all clients.
Theo works with a broad range of both in- and outpatients, particularly those whom are struggling with emotionally difficult situations, life transitions, and crisis (including trauma or coping too). That being said, if you are someone who thinks they can benefit from someone who helps you become a better you, you're at the right place. Theo is particularly fond of working with adolescents and students going through difficult times, but enjoys working with improving the healthy functioning of all clients.
087 250 2748 x52 View 087 250 2748 x52
Photo of Kelly Jacobs, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Kelly Jacobs
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Benmore 2196
I am a clinical psychologist in private practice who aims to create a space and environment that is safe, non-judgemental and conducive to personal growth and change for my clients. A space to speak openly and honestly about thoughts and feelings, find support in times of crisis, to learn more about yourself, gain confidence and tools/strategies to help you cope with life challenges in healthy ways, and ultimately to empower you to develop fresh insights about your life and any problems you may be facing.
I am a clinical psychologist in private practice who aims to create a space and environment that is safe, non-judgemental and conducive to personal growth and change for my clients. A space to speak openly and honestly about thoughts and feelings, find support in times of crisis, to learn more about yourself, gain confidence and tools/strategies to help you cope with life challenges in healthy ways, and ultimately to empower you to develop fresh insights about your life and any problems you may be facing.
087 250 2464 x63 View 087 250 2464 x63
Photo of Omphile Oaitse Sebitloane - The Marriage and Family Institute SA, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
The Marriage and Family Institute SA
Psychologist, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Sandton 2196
With experienced Clinical Psychologists to offer help in navigating the challenges of life, we are here for you. Life is difficult, yet for every difficulty, there is a solution and a way out. Psychotherapy assists in unlocking and opening up the pathway for you to find your own solutions. At the Marriage and Family Institute, our approach is to focus on your unique needs as an individual, couple or family and work with you to find solutions that lead to growth, and harmony with self and others.
With experienced Clinical Psychologists to offer help in navigating the challenges of life, we are here for you. Life is difficult, yet for every difficulty, there is a solution and a way out. Psychotherapy assists in unlocking and opening up the pathway for you to find your own solutions. At the Marriage and Family Institute, our approach is to focus on your unique needs as an individual, couple or family and work with you to find solutions that lead to growth, and harmony with self and others.
087 250 0412 x94 View 087 250 0412 x94
Photo of Siyabonga Ntshangase, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Siyabonga Ntshangase
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Rosebank 2196
Hello, thank you for reading my profile. I believe therapy is a process where a client and their therapist explores life events with the purpose of getting better. Life events impact how we think, feel and behave- so in therapy, we get to explore these crucial events in a safe and confidential environment. I work with clients who endeavor to rethink, heal and grow from a variety of issues including mental health conditions or symptoms. The issues that I am usually presented with include, life events such as trauma and bereavement, or presenting symptoms similar to anxiety, depression, ADHD, etc.
Hello, thank you for reading my profile. I believe therapy is a process where a client and their therapist explores life events with the purpose of getting better. Life events impact how we think, feel and behave- so in therapy, we get to explore these crucial events in a safe and confidential environment. I work with clients who endeavor to rethink, heal and grow from a variety of issues including mental health conditions or symptoms. The issues that I am usually presented with include, life events such as trauma and bereavement, or presenting symptoms similar to anxiety, depression, ADHD, etc.
087 250 0536 x72 View 087 250 0536 x72
Photo of Deanne Pickworth, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Deanne Pickworth
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Northcliff 2195
I am a 'Solution Focused' Counsellor integrating a variety of evidence-based psychological techniques such as Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to work with children (age 10 up), teenagers, adults, couples and families. I am particularly passionate about empowering teenagers and young adults to develop healthy coping skills and self-confidence to better manage challenging life situations such as bullying, toxic relationships, parental divorce or substance abuse. I enjoy interacting with diversity among people and aim to ensure that my clients feel safe, understood and supported throughout the counselling process.
I am a 'Solution Focused' Counsellor integrating a variety of evidence-based psychological techniques such as Mindfulness and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to work with children (age 10 up), teenagers, adults, couples and families. I am particularly passionate about empowering teenagers and young adults to develop healthy coping skills and self-confidence to better manage challenging life situations such as bullying, toxic relationships, parental divorce or substance abuse. I enjoy interacting with diversity among people and aim to ensure that my clients feel safe, understood and supported throughout the counselling process.
087 250 2389 x11 View 087 250 2389 x11
Photo of Jessica Leigh Harris - Jessica Harris Registered Counsellor , BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Jessica Harris Registered Counsellor
Registered Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Sandton 2196
Each Counselling service approach is tailored to the clients’ needs, circumstances, systemic context, and characteristics. These significant factors inform the collaborative nature of interventions and counselling plans developed in the professional working relationship with clients. This is achieved through the use of holistic considerations, as well as integrated frameworks, techniques, modalities, and professional practices. These counselling services are offered to individuals, couples, families, and groups, of adults and adolescents.
Each Counselling service approach is tailored to the clients’ needs, circumstances, systemic context, and characteristics. These significant factors inform the collaborative nature of interventions and counselling plans developed in the professional working relationship with clients. This is achieved through the use of holistic considerations, as well as integrated frameworks, techniques, modalities, and professional practices. These counselling services are offered to individuals, couples, families, and groups, of adults and adolescents.
087 250 0719 x41 View 087 250 0719 x41
Photo of Yamkela Kwandiwe Giyose - Art2Think Counselling, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor
Art2Think Counselling
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Saxonwold 2196
Welcome to my corner of understanding & growth! As a counsellor specialising in the needs of young adults of all backgrounds, I am committed to providing a supportive environment where you can navigate challenges in your life & finally reach a state of peace. My approach is grounded in empathy & empowerment through a combination of art & talk counselling techniques. I recognise the unique intersectional experiences that shape the lives of young adults & art allows you to explore your thoughts & feelings to foster personal growth, making it an excellent choice for those who find traditional counselling challenging.
Welcome to my corner of understanding & growth! As a counsellor specialising in the needs of young adults of all backgrounds, I am committed to providing a supportive environment where you can navigate challenges in your life & finally reach a state of peace. My approach is grounded in empathy & empowerment through a combination of art & talk counselling techniques. I recognise the unique intersectional experiences that shape the lives of young adults & art allows you to explore your thoughts & feelings to foster personal growth, making it an excellent choice for those who find traditional counselling challenging.
087 250 0902 x63 View 087 250 0902 x63
Photo of Dr. Thandiwe Nomkhosi Gama, PhD, HPCSA - Ind. Psych., Psychologist
Dr. Thandiwe Nomkhosi Gama
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Ind. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Braamfontein 2001
My ideal clients are those who are at different stages of life, in their private spheres as well as in their work. Counselling helps them try to find meaning, fulfilment, growth, and cope with challenges in a constructive, driven, and realistic thoughts and actions. Persons who strive to grow from a good, to better, to best version of themselves.
My ideal clients are those who are at different stages of life, in their private spheres as well as in their work. Counselling helps them try to find meaning, fulfilment, growth, and cope with challenges in a constructive, driven, and realistic thoughts and actions. Persons who strive to grow from a good, to better, to best version of themselves.
087 250 0782 x17 View 087 250 0782 x17
Photo of Justin Scott, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Justin Scott
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Sandton 2196
It is safer for many people to hide who they really are in order not to feel vulnerable to the world and others, it is a way of protecting themselves from being hurt. Despite this, it is still very painful when we are not known or seen by others. We really want to be found, to be understood and to be loved by others.
It is safer for many people to hide who they really are in order not to feel vulnerable to the world and others, it is a way of protecting themselves from being hurt. Despite this, it is still very painful when we are not known or seen by others. We really want to be found, to be understood and to be loved by others.
087 250 0162 x21 View 087 250 0162 x21
Richard R Balasar
General Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
Rosebank 2196
Richard is dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges, achieve personal growth, and unlocking their potential. He holds a Masters degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of Bergamo, (Milan), Italy. His academic background and work equips him with a deep understanding of human behavior, psychological processes, and therapeutic interventions. This knowledge and approach, allows him to blend traditional psychological principles with practical strategies for real-world application.
Richard is dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges, achieve personal growth, and unlocking their potential. He holds a Masters degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of Bergamo, (Milan), Italy. His academic background and work equips him with a deep understanding of human behavior, psychological processes, and therapeutic interventions. This knowledge and approach, allows him to blend traditional psychological principles with practical strategies for real-world application.
087 250 0412 x99 View 087 250 0412 x99

See more therapy options for Parkwood

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Parkwood

< 10

Counsellors in Parkwood who prioritize treating:

80% Relationship Issues
80% Anxiety
80% Behavioural Issues
60% Bereavement
60% Trauma and PTSD
60% Family Conflict
60% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

3 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Fedhealth
100% Discovery Health
75% Momentum

How Counsellors in Parkwood see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Parkwood?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.

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