Could we launch resources from the moon with electromagnetic railguns?
In 1974, the late Princeton University professor and space visionary Gerard O'Neill proposed using electromagnetic rail guns to lob payloads from the moon.
O'Neill suggested using "mass drivers" based on a coil gun design to accelerate a non-magnetic object. One application for mass drivers was launching moon-derived materials into lunar orbit for in-space manufacturing. O'Neill also worked at MIT on mass drivers, along with colleague Henry H. Kolm, and a group of farsighted student volunteers, to fabricate their first mass driver prototype. Backed by grants from the Space Studies Institute, later prototypes improved on the mass driver concept.
That was five decades ago. Catapult yourself to today and ask this question: What's the U.S. Navy's Gerald R. Ford nuclear aircraft carrier got to do with the moon?
Future lunar economy
Late last year, General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems filed a final report to the Air Force Office of Scientific Research's (AFOSR). That report was titled "Lunar Electromagnetic Launch for Resource Exploitation to Enhance National Security and Economic Growth."
The author of that appraisal is Robert Peterkin, director of operations for the organization's Albuquerque, New Mexico office.
Underscored in the 30-page document is that the moon is rich in useful resources, including silicon, titanium, aluminum and iron. The prospect of tapping into lunar water also looms large.
"A not-too-distant future lunar economy will make use of these lunar resources to resupply, repair, and refuel spacecraft in lunar orbit at lower cost than delivering terrestrial resources from Earth's deep gravitational well," explains the report.
Machinery, structures, systems
Electromagnetic launches of material from the lunar surface, the report continues, can be significantly more efficient than conventional rocket launches that rely on chemical fuels that are imported from the Earth to the moon.
Outlined in the assessment are recommendations on how to mature the technology necessary to launch extracted and processed lunar material into cislunar space to sustain a set of emerging space missions.
A particularly important aspect of developing a lunar economy, the report advises, is moving mass off the surface of the moon reliably, affordably, and safely. "Undoubtedly, the first spiral of a development cycle for a lunar ecosystem will rely of supply of machinery, structures, and supporting systems from the Earth."
Superior choice
Using lunar resources to repair and resupply cis-lunar spacecraft requires advances in several technologies including a reliable way to move material off the lunar surface, Peterkin told Space.com.
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Space exploration and particle physics research share common challenges which often result in similar solutions and collaborations.