Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: Key Findings from JIACRA IV Report
The fourth joint report on the integrated analysis of antimicrobial consumption and resistance, has been released by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This comprehensive report sheds light on the crucial relationship between antibiotic consumption and the emergence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in both humans and food-producing animals.
Key Findings:
Reduction in Antibiotic Consumption Leads to Decreased Resistance:
Countries that have successfully decreased their consumption of antibiotics in both animals and humans have observed a corresponding reduction in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The report emphasizes the positive impact of strategic measures and policies in reversing concerning trends in antibiotic resistance.
E. coli Resistance Decline:
The joint analysis conducted by ECDC, EFSA, and EMA reveals a notable decline in antibiotic resistance among E. coli bacteria in both animals and humans when overall antibiotic consumption is reduced. This highlights the potential for addressing antibiotic resistance through targeted interventions.
Association between Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Humans:
The report underscores a direct association between the use of specific antibiotic groups in humans, such as carbapenems, 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins, and quinolones, and the development of resistance to these antibiotics in E. coli bacteria. This information emphasizes the need for cautious antibiotic prescribing practices.
Linkages between Antibiotic Use in Food-Producing Animals and Resistance:
The study identifies a correlation between antibiotic use in food-producing animals and resistance in E. coli bacteria. Notably, the use of quinolones, polymyxins, aminopenicillins, and tetracyclines in animals is associated with resistance to these antibiotics in the corresponding bacteria. This underscores the interconnected nature of antibiotic resistance in both humans and animals.
Inter-Species Transmission:
The report highlights instances of inter-species transmission, citing examples like Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which may be present in food-producing animals and have the potential to spread to humans through contaminated food.
Conclusion:
JIACRA IV provides critical insights into the relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance, urging the implementation of effective strategies to combat AMR. The findings emphasize the interconnectedness of antibiotic use in both humans and food-producing animals, emphasizing the importance of a coordinated and multidisciplinary approach to address this global health challenge.
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