Gabriel Felbermayr and I have a new paper on pan-European public goods prepared for the Economic Committee of the EU Parliament. It revolves around a simple idea – given new challenges, the EU needs a bigger budget to provide pan-European public goods in infrastructure, research & innovation and defence.
Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit (EGOV) WIFO
We start by discussing pan-European public goods. The EU needs to provide jointly more of these goods, which create true EU-wide value added. Currently, they are not a major part of the EU Budget. In fact, the budget itself is small – at around a mere 1.0% of ЕU GNI for 21-27 (and 1.7% with NextGenEU). Compared to national budgets and to the size of EU economy, this is minuscule. In most countries, government expenditure amounts to more than 40% of GDP. The small size was called a historic relic already in 2004 (Sapir Report). It means the EU currently can neither play a strong geopolitical role, nor properly serve a real macro stabilisation function (a problem!). We discuss rich literature on smoothing of shocks in monetary unions, showing the lacking EU shock absorption in comparison to the US, DE & CAN. NextGenEU addressed this problem, but only temporary.
An expanded EU budget will assume the dual function of providing automatic stabilisation and finance public investments in pan-European public goods. To have a meaningful macro effect, the budget needs a certain minimum size. While impossible to propose an optimal level we discuss a maximum ceiling of 4% of EU GNI in the long-term – combination of the existing and well-established current EU budget of close to 1% of GNI and a top-up of up to 3% of GNI, similar to the max 3% Maastricht deficit.
But what should this expanded EU budget finance? We discuss 3 areas:
Firstly – infrastructure. We need to build EU wide infrastructure in the area of transport & energy. As forcefully argued by Enrico Letta , an EU high-speed railway network should be high on EU agenda for economic & climate reasons. Recent geopolitical shocks highlight the need for EU energy infrastructure, as grid and storage infrastructure become essential. To achieve better governance, we propose an European Infrastructure Agency, to coordinate, implement and publicly communicate on EU infrastructure plans.
Next, we discuss defence & security as a priority on top of the EU agenda recently. If EU Member States agreed to collectively organise part of their national defence, efficiency gains and savings at the national level could be realised,
Finally, more R&D and innovation spending is needed to close the innovation gap to the US. While the total R&D spending gap is driven mainly by US top high-tech firms, this will not change soon in EU favor. Moreover, currently 90% of R&D expenditure in the EU is national. We need more EU level spending, enhanced by better governance and an European DARPA.
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Highly Experienced Executive and Non Executive Director
3moExcellent speech with a clear commitment to deliverable growth