Counselling in Victoria Park, WA

Photo of David James Parrick - WA Psychology and Wellness, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
WA Psychology and Wellness
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Waitlist for new clients
My practice is LGBTQI+ affirmative. I have a special interest in working with gender identity and I am able to support adolescents & adults exploring their preferred gender identification, including assisting with the transition process. I see people with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety (phobias, social and generalised anxiety), trauma, worry and rumination, men’s health (including sexual health) and relationship difficulties (either individually or as part of couples therapy). Additionally, I work with adolescents and young adults with conduct issues who are in, or at risk of, contact with the justice system.
My practice is LGBTQI+ affirmative. I have a special interest in working with gender identity and I am able to support adolescents & adults exploring their preferred gender identification, including assisting with the transition process. I see people with a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety (phobias, social and generalised anxiety), trauma, worry and rumination, men’s health (including sexual health) and relationship difficulties (either individually or as part of couples therapy). Additionally, I work with adolescents and young adults with conduct issues who are in, or at risk of, contact with the justice system.
(08) 7078 7028 View (08) 7078 7028
Photo of Ruth Crawford, MC, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Ruth Crawford
Counsellor, MC, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Sometimes in life people need additional emotional support, someone to journey alongside them to help get through life or challenging experiences. It might be emotional pain and feeling overwhelmed, anxiety and/or depression, grief, conflict in relationships, stress, trauma, or an overall sense of feeling stuck. People may want to understand their behavior and the negative cycles and patterns they find themselves in, personally and in their relationships. They can wish for the pain to go away, to feel safe and understood, and have someone help them to be able to cope and move forward.
Sometimes in life people need additional emotional support, someone to journey alongside them to help get through life or challenging experiences. It might be emotional pain and feeling overwhelmed, anxiety and/or depression, grief, conflict in relationships, stress, trauma, or an overall sense of feeling stuck. People may want to understand their behavior and the negative cycles and patterns they find themselves in, personally and in their relationships. They can wish for the pain to go away, to feel safe and understood, and have someone help them to be able to cope and move forward.
(08) 6493 7039 View (08) 6493 7039
Photo of Genevieve Lacey, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Genevieve Lacey
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Kaya, Hello! My name is Gen, and I am a passionate and dedicated counsellor with a mission to empower clients to better address life's challenges and achieve personal growth that aligns with their desired goals. Embarking on the journey of self-discovery and healing is a courageous step, and I am here to support you. In our sessions you can expect a safe and non-judgmental space where your concerns, emotions, and experiences are valued and understood. My approach is rooted in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based techniques tailored to your unique needs.
Kaya, Hello! My name is Gen, and I am a passionate and dedicated counsellor with a mission to empower clients to better address life's challenges and achieve personal growth that aligns with their desired goals. Embarking on the journey of self-discovery and healing is a courageous step, and I am here to support you. In our sessions you can expect a safe and non-judgmental space where your concerns, emotions, and experiences are valued and understood. My approach is rooted in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based techniques tailored to your unique needs.
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Photo of Christy Jarvis - Compassionate Insight
Compassionate Insight
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100  (Online Only)
Whether you are experiencing psychological distress or feeling overwhelmed by the complexities of life we can work together to find clarity and a way to move forward. I utilise Compassion Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy methods and believe that better understanding our core beliefs and how they are formed can support long term growth. If you are feeling down, anxious, frustrated or confused with a situation you are in, we can work together to untangle your thoughts and emotions and find a positive way forward.
Whether you are experiencing psychological distress or feeling overwhelmed by the complexities of life we can work together to find clarity and a way to move forward. I utilise Compassion Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy methods and believe that better understanding our core beliefs and how they are formed can support long term growth. If you are feeling down, anxious, frustrated or confused with a situation you are in, we can work together to untangle your thoughts and emotions and find a positive way forward.
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Photo of Stephanie Causton, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Stephanie Causton
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
I am a warm and compassionate psychologist who is passionate about building genuine connections and working collaboratively with my clients to navigate life’s challenges. I am committed to creating a welcoming and supportive space where my clients feel genuinely heard and empowered on their journey towards improved mental health and wellbeing.
I am a warm and compassionate psychologist who is passionate about building genuine connections and working collaboratively with my clients to navigate life’s challenges. I am committed to creating a welcoming and supportive space where my clients feel genuinely heard and empowered on their journey towards improved mental health and wellbeing.
(08) 6493 7106 View (08) 6493 7106
Photo of Rebecca Smith, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Rebecca Smith
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
I offer trauma-informed counselling for people dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, self-doubt, low self-esteem, parenting, relationship issues, grief and loss, separation, and life transitions.
I offer trauma-informed counselling for people dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, self-doubt, low self-esteem, parenting, relationship issues, grief and loss, separation, and life transitions.
(08) 6493 7855 View (08) 6493 7855
Photo of Linda Skinner, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Linda Skinner
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Linda has over ten years of clinical experience working in mental health services across the public, private and not for profit sectors. Linda’s therapeutic approach is warm, empathic and person centred. She believes that each client is the expert of their own life and provides a safe therapeutic space where she works collaboratively with clients to identify and achieve goals, bring about life enhancing positive change and improve social and emotional wellbeing. In addition to working in private practice, Linda works in a local community hospice providing specialised palliative care and bereavement counselling services.
Linda has over ten years of clinical experience working in mental health services across the public, private and not for profit sectors. Linda’s therapeutic approach is warm, empathic and person centred. She believes that each client is the expert of their own life and provides a safe therapeutic space where she works collaboratively with clients to identify and achieve goals, bring about life enhancing positive change and improve social and emotional wellbeing. In addition to working in private practice, Linda works in a local community hospice providing specialised palliative care and bereavement counselling services.
(08) 6007 3295 View (08) 6007 3295
Photo of Jessica Rodgers, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Jessica Rodgers
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am an Organisational Psychologist and have worked with clients across the lifespan, primarily Adolescents and Adults. My knowledge and experience can be used to support both individuals and teams to reach their goals.
I am an Organisational Psychologist and have worked with clients across the lifespan, primarily Adolescents and Adults. My knowledge and experience can be used to support both individuals and teams to reach their goals.
(08) 6490 9141 View (08) 6490 9141
Photo of Chloe Flemming - Create Change Counselling, MA, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Create Change Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stuck? Seeking a compassionate, non-judgemental space to explore your thoughts and emotions? You have come to the right place. As an NDIS and Medicare registered therapist with 20 years experience working in the public sector before opening my doors, I have substantial experience working with clients who have multiple and complex health and mental health needs. This makes me an ideal choice for NDIS participants as I am uniquely equipped to support you. Together, we'll navigate life's challenges. I am here for you every step of the way.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stuck? Seeking a compassionate, non-judgemental space to explore your thoughts and emotions? You have come to the right place. As an NDIS and Medicare registered therapist with 20 years experience working in the public sector before opening my doors, I have substantial experience working with clients who have multiple and complex health and mental health needs. This makes me an ideal choice for NDIS participants as I am uniquely equipped to support you. Together, we'll navigate life's challenges. I am here for you every step of the way.
(08) 6361 3139 View (08) 6361 3139
Photo of Natalie Fairclough, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Natalie Fairclough
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Natalie is a Senior Clinical Psychologist and psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience in adult community mental health services. She specialises in individual therapy in the areas of depression, anxiety, trauma, character disorders, grief and loss, interpersonal difficulties, family relationship difficulties, difficult childhood experiences, and relationship and marital difficulties. Natalie has helped people to overcome troubling symptoms, resolve traumas and losses in life, and more successfully deal with the challenges that life brings along the way. Waitlist status: Currently Accepting New Referrals.
Natalie is a Senior Clinical Psychologist and psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience in adult community mental health services. She specialises in individual therapy in the areas of depression, anxiety, trauma, character disorders, grief and loss, interpersonal difficulties, family relationship difficulties, difficult childhood experiences, and relationship and marital difficulties. Natalie has helped people to overcome troubling symptoms, resolve traumas and losses in life, and more successfully deal with the challenges that life brings along the way. Waitlist status: Currently Accepting New Referrals.
(08) 6490 9101 View (08) 6490 9101
Photo of Christina Qin - Christina Qin/ Sparrow Psychology Services, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Christina Qin/ Sparrow Psychology Services
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Christina Qin is an AHPRA registered psychologist. Since Christina started private practice, she has been helping people manage mental health challenges and improve their mental wellbeing. In particular Christina is passionate to help people with multicultural backgrounds. Christina is also a Mental Health First Aid Training (MHFA) Instructor (standard face to face training) and she is passionate about utilising her knowledge and skills in helping equip people with mental health first aid knowledge and skills.
Christina Qin is an AHPRA registered psychologist. Since Christina started private practice, she has been helping people manage mental health challenges and improve their mental wellbeing. In particular Christina is passionate to help people with multicultural backgrounds. Christina is also a Mental Health First Aid Training (MHFA) Instructor (standard face to face training) and she is passionate about utilising her knowledge and skills in helping equip people with mental health first aid knowledge and skills.
(08) 6490 9062 View (08) 6490 9062
Photo of Ella Dilber, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Ella Dilber
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Ella is a wholehearted and dedicated psychologist. Her passion lies with assessments, early intervention and supporting people from a holistic approach. She has completed her Master of Psychology (Professional) at Curtin and recently completed a Master of Business Psychology through Edith Cowan University. Ella has a background in Autism, ADHD, learning and cognitive assessments. She has worked across private practice, school psychology, EAP, NDIS, and corporate settings.
Ella is a wholehearted and dedicated psychologist. Her passion lies with assessments, early intervention and supporting people from a holistic approach. She has completed her Master of Psychology (Professional) at Curtin and recently completed a Master of Business Psychology through Edith Cowan University. Ella has a background in Autism, ADHD, learning and cognitive assessments. She has worked across private practice, school psychology, EAP, NDIS, and corporate settings.
(08) 6388 9856 View (08) 6388 9856
Photo of Melissa Harris, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Melissa Harris
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Melissa supports clients who are experiencing relationship problems (family, work, or personal) including domestic violence, partner with addiction issues, and partners with narcissistic traits. Melissa is a credentialed eating disorder clinician and works together with your GP (medical monitoring) and dietitian (nutritional intervention) to provide comprehensive care. She supports clients with acute and chronic health concerns. Melissa is a wife and mother and can help with the often challenging adjustment of becoming a parent. She has first-hand experience navigating the complexities of blended families.
Melissa supports clients who are experiencing relationship problems (family, work, or personal) including domestic violence, partner with addiction issues, and partners with narcissistic traits. Melissa is a credentialed eating disorder clinician and works together with your GP (medical monitoring) and dietitian (nutritional intervention) to provide comprehensive care. She supports clients with acute and chronic health concerns. Melissa is a wife and mother and can help with the often challenging adjustment of becoming a parent. She has first-hand experience navigating the complexities of blended families.
(08) 6333 0748 View (08) 6333 0748
Photo of Cara Mayne, MSc, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Cara Mayne
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
I am a compassionate and caring clinician who is passionate about supporting young people and adults in overcoming their challenges, identifying their strengths, and giving them the tools to thrive. I seek to deliver a collaborative, person-centred, and solution-focused therapy in which clients feel comfortable and supported to overcome their challenges, achieve their goals, and gain insight and tools to develop healthy patterns of behaviour. I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults and I provide a range of evidence-based interventions.
I am a compassionate and caring clinician who is passionate about supporting young people and adults in overcoming their challenges, identifying their strengths, and giving them the tools to thrive. I seek to deliver a collaborative, person-centred, and solution-focused therapy in which clients feel comfortable and supported to overcome their challenges, achieve their goals, and gain insight and tools to develop healthy patterns of behaviour. I have a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults and I provide a range of evidence-based interventions.
(08) 6361 2958 View (08) 6361 2958
Photo of Kristine Halls - Belmont & Byford Counselling, PACFA, Counsellor
Belmont & Byford Counselling
Counsellor, PACFA
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Kris has many years of experience working in the field of clinical and mental health. Her interests relate to understanding and helping people who have experienced trauma, self-esteem issues, grief and loss. Specifically, she has been involved in the treatment of children and adults who have been subject to various types of traumatic acute and chronic abuse. Abuse may lead to anxiety, depression, relationship and self-worth issues, for example. Traumatic events have been shown to have life-long consequences. These events often lead to poor quality of life and health-related conditions.
Kris has many years of experience working in the field of clinical and mental health. Her interests relate to understanding and helping people who have experienced trauma, self-esteem issues, grief and loss. Specifically, she has been involved in the treatment of children and adults who have been subject to various types of traumatic acute and chronic abuse. Abuse may lead to anxiety, depression, relationship and self-worth issues, for example. Traumatic events have been shown to have life-long consequences. These events often lead to poor quality of life and health-related conditions.
(08) 6206 8123 View (08) 6206 8123
Photo of Emma Ketley
Emma Ketley
Occupational Therapist
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Emma is the (proud) owner and Principal Therapist at Enriched By Experience.com. “EBE” is a dynamic Therapy service that strives to support its clients to become “Enriched by Experience” as they find the wisdom, meaning, and achievement in their own story. Emma is a highly experienced AHPRA Registered Therapist. She provides therapy and coaching to adolescents and adults in the areas of anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, suicidal expression, re-motivation, self-harm, trauma, social issues, stage of life adjustments, ADHD support, and with people living with chronic pain conditions.
Emma is the (proud) owner and Principal Therapist at Enriched By Experience.com. “EBE” is a dynamic Therapy service that strives to support its clients to become “Enriched by Experience” as they find the wisdom, meaning, and achievement in their own story. Emma is a highly experienced AHPRA Registered Therapist. She provides therapy and coaching to adolescents and adults in the areas of anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, suicidal expression, re-motivation, self-harm, trauma, social issues, stage of life adjustments, ADHD support, and with people living with chronic pain conditions.
(08) 6383 7108 View (08) 6383 7108
Photo of Dr Nicola Flood, PhD, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Dr Nicola Flood
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Nicola is endorsed as a Clinical Psychologist with AHPRA and has worked with individuals in inpatient, outpatient, and community settings both in the public and private sectors. Nicola is a warm, compassionate, and dedicated clinician who uses a person-centred approach in which treatment is collaboratively tailored to the individual. Nicola has also had extensive experience working with individuals who have experienced trauma and as such, uses a trauma-informed approach to create a supportive, non-judgemental, and safe environment.
Nicola is endorsed as a Clinical Psychologist with AHPRA and has worked with individuals in inpatient, outpatient, and community settings both in the public and private sectors. Nicola is a warm, compassionate, and dedicated clinician who uses a person-centred approach in which treatment is collaboratively tailored to the individual. Nicola has also had extensive experience working with individuals who have experienced trauma and as such, uses a trauma-informed approach to create a supportive, non-judgemental, and safe environment.
(08) 6490 9058 View (08) 6490 9058
Photo of Allan Bailey - Allan Bailey Counselling
Allan Bailey Counselling
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
I am an experienced Counsellor with many years dealing with a diverse range of issues. I am incredibly passionate about helping men who are struggling, as I know how hard it can be to deal with the things that impact our lives. I work well with people with relationship difficulties, anxiety, low mood, workplace stress and substance abuse. My therapy style is unflappable, there isn't anything that you can say that will throw or upset me, and I enjoy handling the difficult or complex situations.
I am an experienced Counsellor with many years dealing with a diverse range of issues. I am incredibly passionate about helping men who are struggling, as I know how hard it can be to deal with the things that impact our lives. I work well with people with relationship difficulties, anxiety, low mood, workplace stress and substance abuse. My therapy style is unflappable, there isn't anything that you can say that will throw or upset me, and I enjoy handling the difficult or complex situations.
(08) 6490 9113 View (08) 6490 9113
Photo of Rachel Webb, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Rachel Webb
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
Rachel is a empathic practitioner who takes a person-first approach. She creates a non-judgemental and supportive therapy relationship to assist her clients in understanding themselves and achieving their therapy goals. Rachel has an interest inworking with those who have faced adversity or trauma. As such, Rachel has psychological experience in the NDIS, and has volunteered with the Centre for Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Detainees.
Rachel is a empathic practitioner who takes a person-first approach. She creates a non-judgemental and supportive therapy relationship to assist her clients in understanding themselves and achieving their therapy goals. Rachel has an interest inworking with those who have faced adversity or trauma. As such, Rachel has psychological experience in the NDIS, and has volunteered with the Centre for Asylum Seekers, Refugees, and Detainees.
(08) 6361 3300 View (08) 6361 3300
Photo of Nessrine Srouji, MA, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Nessrine Srouji
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Victoria Park, WA 6100
I am a dedicated counsellor with passion for helping people navigate life's tumultuous journey. At times all we need a listening ear and understanding person who can hear our struggles without feeling judged. Taking your time on your healing journey in a safe inviting environment is the place to start. Grow at your own pace, start where you feel comfortable starting. Our life journey is a marathon, not a sprint.
I am a dedicated counsellor with passion for helping people navigate life's tumultuous journey. At times all we need a listening ear and understanding person who can hear our struggles without feeling judged. Taking your time on your healing journey in a safe inviting environment is the place to start. Grow at your own pace, start where you feel comfortable starting. Our life journey is a marathon, not a sprint.
(08) 9316 6832 View (08) 9316 6832
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See more therapy options for Victoria Park

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Victoria Park, WA

50+

Average cost per session

$195

Counsellors in Victoria Park, WA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
85% Stress
83% Relationship Issues
83% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Medicare Rebates
46% NDIS
36% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in Victoria Park, WA see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Victoria Park?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.

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