Experience of Norwegian carriers: in cold weather, the mileage of electric trucks drops by at least a third.
Norwegian publication tungt.no. conducted a survey among carriers using electric trucks. The main question is: what problems do they face when operating electric trucks in the winter?
One of the carriers is the Bring company, which is engaged in logistics and cargo delivery to Oslo. It began operating electric trucks in 2019 and has since expanded its electric fleet to 10 units. Despite all the positive aspects of electric trucks, the company is faced with the fact that the range claimed by manufacturers on a single battery charge does not correspond to reality, especially in the cold season.
“In cold weather we lose up to 30% of our mileage. This means that a truck that should travel 300 kilometers can only travel 200 kilometers." - Tommy Stenseth, head of transportation and logistics at Bring
As a result, the carrier had to adapt to the situation and take measures to optimize the use of electric trucks. For example, the company carefully plans its routes to avoid unnecessary kilometers and stops. Also often using fast charging stations, which can charge the battery up to 80% in 40 minutes. In addition, the cabin and battery are preheated before setting out on a route to save heating energy. The company also uses auxiliary heaters that operate on a separate battery and do not reduce the truck's range.
Another example is the Norwegian postal operator Posten Norge, which is testing electric trucks for transport between Oslo and Trondheim. The distance between them is about 500 km and includes crossing the Dovrefjell mountain range. For this reason, the carrier has chosen trucks with large battery capacity or dual battery systems to cope with cold weather and hilly terrain.
“We use trucks with a 300-kilowatt-hour battery or two 150-kilowatt-hour batteries. This allows us to travel about 250 kilometers without recharging.” - Christian Holm, Project Manager for Transport Electrification at Posten.
The company also uses heat pumps that optimize heating and cooling of the battery and cabin. Heat pumps use the heat generated by the battery to heat the cabin and also cool the battery when it overheats. This improves efficiency and extends battery life.
After conducting the survey, the publication made the following conclusions. Electric trucks are still a viable option for urban and regional transportation, even in cold climates, as long as drivers and operators are aware of the limitations and plan accordingly. However, electric truck manufacturers must provide more realistic and transparent information about range per battery charge and in different weather conditions. It is also necessary to develop the infrastructure of charging stations and reduce the cost of batteries. Only then will electric trucks be able to completely replace diesel trucks in the future.