Therapists in Edina, MN

Photo of Adam Gatzke, MA LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Adam Gatzke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
I work with Adults, Teens, Couples, and Families. I am trained in EMDR and Air Network for PTSD and Trauma Therapy and help individuals heal and remove obstacles from past painful experiences which may be hindering their life and relationships. In addition, I help couples regain intimacy, resolve conflict, and find renewed friendship and enjoyment. I have training and experience and care for those with addictions and mental health issues; Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, OCD, etc. I also have a formal master's level Christian ministry education and will integrate these values for all those that desire this focus.
I work with Adults, Teens, Couples, and Families. I am trained in EMDR and Air Network for PTSD and Trauma Therapy and help individuals heal and remove obstacles from past painful experiences which may be hindering their life and relationships. In addition, I help couples regain intimacy, resolve conflict, and find renewed friendship and enjoyment. I have training and experience and care for those with addictions and mental health issues; Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, OCD, etc. I also have a formal master's level Christian ministry education and will integrate these values for all those that desire this focus.
(651) 314-1580 View (651) 314-1580
Photo of Charmagne Derichs, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Charmagne Derichs
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
Welcome! I know life can be really tough, overwhelming, and confusing at times, and I'm glad you're looking for support! My name is Charmagne (shar-main), and I have 15 years of experience in the mental health field. I work with adults and teens struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, high sensitivity, transitions, divorce, spiritual concerns, caregiver stress, burnout, and codependency.
Welcome! I know life can be really tough, overwhelming, and confusing at times, and I'm glad you're looking for support! My name is Charmagne (shar-main), and I have 15 years of experience in the mental health field. I work with adults and teens struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, high sensitivity, transitions, divorce, spiritual concerns, caregiver stress, burnout, and codependency.
(952) 900-5492 x572 View (952) 900-5492 x572
Photo of Ruth Grambush, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ruth Grambush
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
I am honored to work side by side with my clients in their therapeutic journey and believe in facilitating the deepest level of healing. Our bodies hold on to trauma, grief, loss, and painful memories. If these issues aren't healed, they come out in disruptive and often destructive ways: Substance use, anger, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, etc. I specialize in working with victims of childhood sexual abuse, sexual violence survivors and sexual trauma, as well as developmental trauma. I also have experience and passion in treating first responders and veterans, and those who have experienced trauma in their line of work.
I am honored to work side by side with my clients in their therapeutic journey and believe in facilitating the deepest level of healing. Our bodies hold on to trauma, grief, loss, and painful memories. If these issues aren't healed, they come out in disruptive and often destructive ways: Substance use, anger, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, etc. I specialize in working with victims of childhood sexual abuse, sexual violence survivors and sexual trauma, as well as developmental trauma. I also have experience and passion in treating first responders and veterans, and those who have experienced trauma in their line of work.
(952) 295-4836 View (952) 295-4836
Photo of Elizabeth Nash, MA, LMFT, ATR-BC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elizabeth Nash
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435
I work with all ages, individuals, couples and families using experiential therapies (Art, Biofeedback and Qeeg guided Neurofeedback) and more traditional talk therapies (Cognitive Behavioral Methods) so that you can learn more about yourself and others, live well, feel content and achieve what you desire. My clients describe me as having a creative, easy going and gentle style.
I work with all ages, individuals, couples and families using experiential therapies (Art, Biofeedback and Qeeg guided Neurofeedback) and more traditional talk therapies (Cognitive Behavioral Methods) so that you can learn more about yourself and others, live well, feel content and achieve what you desire. My clients describe me as having a creative, easy going and gentle style.
(952) 800-9457 View (952) 800-9457
Photo of Janice Maidman, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Janice Maidman
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55424
MORE THAN JUST LISTENING When you change, the world around you changes. . Are you stuck somewhere in your life? Are you struggling in your relationship with your partner or with your family? Does it seem that you are sad for no reason or are constantly worrying for no reason? Have you had losses and feel stuck in moving on ? Is your mind busy with self critical or negative talk? Wherever you are on your journey, I can meet you and we together can create changes you are looking for.
MORE THAN JUST LISTENING When you change, the world around you changes. . Are you stuck somewhere in your life? Are you struggling in your relationship with your partner or with your family? Does it seem that you are sad for no reason or are constantly worrying for no reason? Have you had losses and feel stuck in moving on ? Is your mind busy with self critical or negative talk? Wherever you are on your journey, I can meet you and we together can create changes you are looking for.
(952) 955-9282 View (952) 955-9282
Photo of Abbie Poush, MSE, LPCC, CCTP, Counselor
Abbie Poush
Counselor, MSE, LPCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
Working with Abbie is a total game-changer. She’s super passionate about her clients and really goes above and beyond. She genuinely cares about her clients and you can see it in how much they dig working with her. Abbie’s super power is that she really can see her clients. She pays great attention, is able to read in between the lines, and gets to the core your concerns. Her initial goal is to truly understand where you are in life, how you got there, where you are stuck, and what you need to get to where you want to go.
Working with Abbie is a total game-changer. She’s super passionate about her clients and really goes above and beyond. She genuinely cares about her clients and you can see it in how much they dig working with her. Abbie’s super power is that she really can see her clients. She pays great attention, is able to read in between the lines, and gets to the core your concerns. Her initial goal is to truly understand where you are in life, how you got there, where you are stuck, and what you need to get to where you want to go.
(952) 900-2272 View (952) 900-2272
Photo of Hannah Lenertz, MPS, LPCC, LADC, Counselor
Hannah Lenertz
Counselor, MPS, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
Hi! I’m a therapist with a passion for helping teens and adults navigate life’s ups and downs. With experience in providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I focus on helping you manage tough emotions, build stronger relationships, and find balance. I love using creativity in sessions, especially art, as a way to express feelings when words don’t quite cut it. My approach is laid-back, nonjudgmental, and sometimes even a bit humorous—because therapy doesn’t have to feel stuffy. My goal is to create a space where you can feel safe, understood, and empowered to grow.
Hi! I’m a therapist with a passion for helping teens and adults navigate life’s ups and downs. With experience in providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I focus on helping you manage tough emotions, build stronger relationships, and find balance. I love using creativity in sessions, especially art, as a way to express feelings when words don’t quite cut it. My approach is laid-back, nonjudgmental, and sometimes even a bit humorous—because therapy doesn’t have to feel stuffy. My goal is to create a space where you can feel safe, understood, and empowered to grow.
(952) 209-7156 View (952) 209-7156
Photo of Natalie Johnson, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Natalie Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435
As a therapist, I aim to provide my clients with a safe, nonjudgmental environment for them to explore their thoughts, behaviors, and emotional experience. My approach focuses on empowering clients to explore their inner strengths and resources to enable them to navigate their concerns and stressors, and to take steps toward living a life in the ways that are meaningful to them. With each client bringing their unique experiences to therapy, I tailor each session to the individual needs of the client.
As a therapist, I aim to provide my clients with a safe, nonjudgmental environment for them to explore their thoughts, behaviors, and emotional experience. My approach focuses on empowering clients to explore their inner strengths and resources to enable them to navigate their concerns and stressors, and to take steps toward living a life in the ways that are meaningful to them. With each client bringing their unique experiences to therapy, I tailor each session to the individual needs of the client.
(952) 900-5907 View (952) 900-5907
Photo of Anne Troff-Heck, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Anne Troff-Heck
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to provide a warm and non-judgmental environment to explore your concerns and feel understood. You will find that I am genuine, encouraging and motivated to help by providing support and validation, psychoeducation and skills. I have over 17 years of experience helping adults with anxiety and panic attacks, mood disorders, life transitions (graduation, moves, new career, breakups, pregnancy, parenthood), trauma, grief and loss, stress management, and low self-esteem. My role as a therapist is to help you better understand your needs and strengths and develop goals and strategies to live a fulfilling life.
My goal is to provide a warm and non-judgmental environment to explore your concerns and feel understood. You will find that I am genuine, encouraging and motivated to help by providing support and validation, psychoeducation and skills. I have over 17 years of experience helping adults with anxiety and panic attacks, mood disorders, life transitions (graduation, moves, new career, breakups, pregnancy, parenthood), trauma, grief and loss, stress management, and low self-esteem. My role as a therapist is to help you better understand your needs and strengths and develop goals and strategies to live a fulfilling life.
(612) 255-4562 View (612) 255-4562
Photo of Johnette D Tarr, Pre-Licensed Professional
Johnette D Tarr
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435
I am a pre-licensed therapist under the supervision of Trenton Peterson with Genuine Therapy Center. I am dedicated to supporting individuals in their journey towards well-being. I firmly believe that our stories hold immense power. I am passionate about creating a safe space where genuine conversation can take place, allowing individuals to be their authentic selves. my approach to therapy is, holistic and culturally sensitive, taking into account the diverse backgrounds and experiences of my clients. Thank you for being BRAVE (Bold Resilience Active Visible Ebullient)
I am a pre-licensed therapist under the supervision of Trenton Peterson with Genuine Therapy Center. I am dedicated to supporting individuals in their journey towards well-being. I firmly believe that our stories hold immense power. I am passionate about creating a safe space where genuine conversation can take place, allowing individuals to be their authentic selves. my approach to therapy is, holistic and culturally sensitive, taking into account the diverse backgrounds and experiences of my clients. Thank you for being BRAVE (Bold Resilience Active Visible Ebullient)
(763) 501-7368 View (763) 501-7368
Photo of Victoria Lin Peterson-Hilleque, PsyD, MFA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Victoria Lin Peterson-Hilleque
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, MFA
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
I work from the belief that we are all the authors of our lives. When we change our stories, we change our lives. As a clinician, I strive to help you cultivate the awareness and motivation needed to improve your wellbeing. I see you as the expert in your life and ask questions to help you understand yourself. I seek to highlight your strengths and resources to address your concerns, while I offer perspective from the field of psychology. I integrate techniques related to narrative, emotion-focused, solution-focused brief therapy, writing interventions, and somatic and mindfulness-based exercises.
I work from the belief that we are all the authors of our lives. When we change our stories, we change our lives. As a clinician, I strive to help you cultivate the awareness and motivation needed to improve your wellbeing. I see you as the expert in your life and ask questions to help you understand yourself. I seek to highlight your strengths and resources to address your concerns, while I offer perspective from the field of psychology. I integrate techniques related to narrative, emotion-focused, solution-focused brief therapy, writing interventions, and somatic and mindfulness-based exercises.
(651) 461-7683 View (651) 461-7683
Photo of Peter Gu, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Peter Gu
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55435
I believe that across our life we develop many strengths, relational patterns, and skills that help us manage and navigate difficult situations and relationships. However, while these skills or patterns may have been helpful in the past, they may not be effective when we are confronted with new, unexpected challenges. I hold that therapy is a safe space where we can explore our past experiences, make sense of who we are and the ways we relate, make sense of our struggles, and find new solutions that lead to healing and clarity.
I believe that across our life we develop many strengths, relational patterns, and skills that help us manage and navigate difficult situations and relationships. However, while these skills or patterns may have been helpful in the past, they may not be effective when we are confronted with new, unexpected challenges. I hold that therapy is a safe space where we can explore our past experiences, make sense of who we are and the ways we relate, make sense of our struggles, and find new solutions that lead to healing and clarity.
(952) 260-8510 View (952) 260-8510
Photo of Nicole Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
Nicole is an empathetic, direct, and nonjudgmental therapist who utilizes compassion and humor in their work with youth. As a Japanese American and member of the LGBTQ+ community, Nicole is passionate about providing a social justice lens and safe space to discuss systemic oppression, implicit biases, the current political environment, and the impact of these environmental stressors on the therapeutic relationship and our collective mental health.
Nicole is an empathetic, direct, and nonjudgmental therapist who utilizes compassion and humor in their work with youth. As a Japanese American and member of the LGBTQ+ community, Nicole is passionate about providing a social justice lens and safe space to discuss systemic oppression, implicit biases, the current political environment, and the impact of these environmental stressors on the therapeutic relationship and our collective mental health.
(952) 592-8426 View (952) 592-8426
Photo of Molly Pavek, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Molly Pavek
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
My overall approach is collaborative, as I believe each individual is the expert of their life and the challenges they bring into therapy. My work is based in cognitive behavioral, narrative, and solution focused therapy. I provide my undivided attention to truly understand what my client hopes to gain from their sessions, as I believe counseling is a key stepping-stone in rebuilding their path to wellness. I strive to empower my clients with skills, confidence, and inner peace as they navigate their life’s journey.
My overall approach is collaborative, as I believe each individual is the expert of their life and the challenges they bring into therapy. My work is based in cognitive behavioral, narrative, and solution focused therapy. I provide my undivided attention to truly understand what my client hopes to gain from their sessions, as I believe counseling is a key stepping-stone in rebuilding their path to wellness. I strive to empower my clients with skills, confidence, and inner peace as they navigate their life’s journey.
(952) 295-4823 x1013 View (952) 295-4823 x1013
Photo of Kelsey Baker, MA, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelsey Baker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
She's very relaxed, present, warm, and kind. She’s like a nice warm blanket, with some hot cocoa…she just feels right. Kelsey is very gifted and determined to help her clients make the change they are looking for. While she is patient and kind, she is not going to do the work for you. She does ask that her clients put effort into their change in-between session. But, as long as you are trying your best, you are going to find working with her to be both helpful and motivating.
She's very relaxed, present, warm, and kind. She’s like a nice warm blanket, with some hot cocoa…she just feels right. Kelsey is very gifted and determined to help her clients make the change they are looking for. While she is patient and kind, she is not going to do the work for you. She does ask that her clients put effort into their change in-between session. But, as long as you are trying your best, you are going to find working with her to be both helpful and motivating.
(952) 592-5412 View (952) 592-5412
Photo of Steve Peterson, MA, LPCC
Steve Peterson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439
It is easy to outwardly act as if all is well when inwardly one might be struggling and unable to enjoy all life has to offer. Making the choice to seek professional counseling is a difficult one, and takes courage! Have you been feeling like you aren't thriving in life? My goal is to provide a judgment-free place where you can feel safe to discover your true self while having the opportunity to experience positive change in your life.
It is easy to outwardly act as if all is well when inwardly one might be struggling and unable to enjoy all life has to offer. Making the choice to seek professional counseling is a difficult one, and takes courage! Have you been feeling like you aren't thriving in life? My goal is to provide a judgment-free place where you can feel safe to discover your true self while having the opportunity to experience positive change in your life.
(952) 960-5635 View (952) 960-5635
Photo of Katelyn Aubrey, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katelyn Aubrey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55435
I work with my clients on tuning into their embodied wisdom and abundant creativity so that they can live their lives out of desire, not fear. I enjoy supporting individuals experiencing relational conflict, grief and loss, or those recovering from adversity and trauma, in order to live and love authentically. I specialize in working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, couples, and families, from adolescence to adulthood. I am passionate about understanding the unique neurological and sensory processes of neurodivergent individuals and the intersectionality of operating in a society that wasn’t built for us.
I work with my clients on tuning into their embodied wisdom and abundant creativity so that they can live their lives out of desire, not fear. I enjoy supporting individuals experiencing relational conflict, grief and loss, or those recovering from adversity and trauma, in order to live and love authentically. I specialize in working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, couples, and families, from adolescence to adulthood. I am passionate about understanding the unique neurological and sensory processes of neurodivergent individuals and the intersectionality of operating in a society that wasn’t built for us.
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Photo of Jessica Rick, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Jessica Rick
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Edina, MN 55439  (Online Only)
On the surface, you’re the picture of success—polished, driven, and downright enviable. Your resume reads like a “how-to” guide on acing life, and those around you probably see you as a model of discipline and achievement. But deep down, there's a different story. You feel like you’re one misstep away from being unmasked as an imposter or, worse, a failure. The perfectionism that once fueled you now feels like a relentless critic, and that ever-present pressure to stay on top of things is starting to drain your spark. The more you push, the more you feel stuck in a never-ending battle with yourself.
On the surface, you’re the picture of success—polished, driven, and downright enviable. Your resume reads like a “how-to” guide on acing life, and those around you probably see you as a model of discipline and achievement. But deep down, there's a different story. You feel like you’re one misstep away from being unmasked as an imposter or, worse, a failure. The perfectionism that once fueled you now feels like a relentless critic, and that ever-present pressure to stay on top of things is starting to drain your spark. The more you push, the more you feel stuck in a never-ending battle with yourself.
(952) 592-7857 View (952) 592-7857
Photo of Ashley N Mercer, PsyD, Psychologist
Ashley N Mercer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55424
My goal as a therapist is to help you find the very best aspects of yourself. I work to help you create healthy and dynamic relationships and to generate meaningful change. My approach to therapy is centered in a strong belief in the science of psychology and counseling, blended with the arts of empathy and compassion. In my work with you, I strive to honor who you are, your values, and the path you have traveled.
My goal as a therapist is to help you find the very best aspects of yourself. I work to help you create healthy and dynamic relationships and to generate meaningful change. My approach to therapy is centered in a strong belief in the science of psychology and counseling, blended with the arts of empathy and compassion. In my work with you, I strive to honor who you are, your values, and the path you have traveled.
(612) 482-2294 View (612) 482-2294
Photo of Michelle Suarez - Kaleidoscope Counseling, LMFT, MSEd, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kaleidoscope Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MSEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55439
I am a passionate therapist who believes in the power of change. As a mother of two, a wife, a child development specialist and a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist, I, personally and professionally understand the highs and lows in parenting and relationships. Together, we will put the joy back into parenting, your partnership and in life! With over a decade of experience working with families, individuals and couples, I am able to help empower you, engage your children and build your relationships.
I am a passionate therapist who believes in the power of change. As a mother of two, a wife, a child development specialist and a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist, I, personally and professionally understand the highs and lows in parenting and relationships. Together, we will put the joy back into parenting, your partnership and in life! With over a decade of experience working with families, individuals and couples, I am able to help empower you, engage your children and build your relationships.
(612) 213-2473 View (612) 213-2473
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Edina, MN

500+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Edina, MN who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Aetna
69% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Edina, MN see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Edina?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.

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