Therapists in Bakoven

Photo of Emma Jade Gibbons - Safe Space Therapy- Ms Emma Gibbons , MA, Social Worker
Safe Space Therapy- Ms Emma Gibbons
Social Worker, MA
Verified Verified
Bakoven 8005
In a perfect world, everyone would be receiving professional mental health counselling. I have worked with individuals, families and couples from rural to urban communities. I want to provide an non judgmental and convenient environment for you to share your darkest thoughts and concerns. I am the vehicle of change, that brings you to your full potential.
In a perfect world, everyone would be receiving professional mental health counselling. I have worked with individuals, families and couples from rural to urban communities. I want to provide an non judgmental and convenient environment for you to share your darkest thoughts and concerns. I am the vehicle of change, that brings you to your full potential.
087 250 2748 x58 View 087 250 2748 x58
Photo of Simone Friess, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Simone Friess
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bakoven 8005
I have worked with people for 25 years. Depending on the person my approach would vary. For some more clearly defined problems a short-term practical approach is suitable. I support the client to deal with his or her difficult situation and to find solutions which will work best in that particular setting. For more complex issues which have persisted over a long time it is necessary to explore and address the underlying issues in order to achieve long-term improvement. Therapy should provide a safe and professional space from where to start a journey with the aim to find more balance and greater enjoyment and meaning in life again.
I have worked with people for 25 years. Depending on the person my approach would vary. For some more clearly defined problems a short-term practical approach is suitable. I support the client to deal with his or her difficult situation and to find solutions which will work best in that particular setting. For more complex issues which have persisted over a long time it is necessary to explore and address the underlying issues in order to achieve long-term improvement. Therapy should provide a safe and professional space from where to start a journey with the aim to find more balance and greater enjoyment and meaning in life again.
087 250 2389 x34 View 087 250 2389 x34

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Johann Krynauw, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Johann Krynauw
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
Person-Centered Therapy, believed that everyone is different and, therefore, everyone’s view of his or her own world, and ability to manage it, should be trusted. All of us have the power to find the best solutions for ourselves and make appropriate changes in our lives. As your psychologist I will provide unconditional positive regard, which means I will be empathetic and non-judgmental to convey your feelings of understanding, trust, and confidence that encourage you to make your own decisions and choices. I place high value on empathetic understanding, which means I completely understand and accept your thoughts and feelings.
Person-Centered Therapy, believed that everyone is different and, therefore, everyone’s view of his or her own world, and ability to manage it, should be trusted. All of us have the power to find the best solutions for ourselves and make appropriate changes in our lives. As your psychologist I will provide unconditional positive regard, which means I will be empathetic and non-judgmental to convey your feelings of understanding, trust, and confidence that encourage you to make your own decisions and choices. I place high value on empathetic understanding, which means I completely understand and accept your thoughts and feelings.
087 250 0162 x75 View 087 250 0162 x75
Photo of Lezani Myburgh, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Lezani Myburgh
Psychologist, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Gardens 8001
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist based in Rondebosch and Gardens, Cape Town. I predominantly provide therapy to adolescents and adults and use an integrative approach based on each client’s individual needs. I aim to provide a comfortable and caring space where clients can explore the challenges they face.
I am a registered Clinical Psychologist based in Rondebosch and Gardens, Cape Town. I predominantly provide therapy to adolescents and adults and use an integrative approach based on each client’s individual needs. I aim to provide a comfortable and caring space where clients can explore the challenges they face.
087 250 2219 x30 View 087 250 2219 x30
Photo of Ilse Jordaan, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Ilse Jordaan
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Gardens 8001
Clinical psychologist with practices in Stellenbosch and Cape Town (Gardens), and over 20 years’ experience in treating adults and couples with varying personal difficulties. Fields of expertise: long term in-depth psychotherapy; trauma; relationship issues; sexual disorders/matters related to sexuality and sexual orientation; life transitions; loss and bereavement; stress-related medical diseases; personal growth; eating disorders; personality disorders; psychoanalysis; supervision of colleagues; mood disorders (depression/bipolar mood disorder).
Clinical psychologist with practices in Stellenbosch and Cape Town (Gardens), and over 20 years’ experience in treating adults and couples with varying personal difficulties. Fields of expertise: long term in-depth psychotherapy; trauma; relationship issues; sexual disorders/matters related to sexuality and sexual orientation; life transitions; loss and bereavement; stress-related medical diseases; personal growth; eating disorders; personality disorders; psychoanalysis; supervision of colleagues; mood disorders (depression/bipolar mood disorder).
087 250 2219 x85 View 087 250 2219 x85
Photo of Michelle Smit - Michelle Smit, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Michelle Smit
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
Based in Paarl for in person sessions. Counselling psychologist with extensive experience within the field of addiction. I have worked as the head of treatment, at in-patient facilities caring for patients that have both substance and process addiction. In addition, many of the patients I have treated over the years have a dual diagnosis, such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, personality disorders or mood disorders.
Based in Paarl for in person sessions. Counselling psychologist with extensive experience within the field of addiction. I have worked as the head of treatment, at in-patient facilities caring for patients that have both substance and process addiction. In addition, many of the patients I have treated over the years have a dual diagnosis, such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, personality disorders or mood disorders.
087 250 2389 x23 View 087 250 2389 x23
Photo of Ruan Swanepoel, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor
Ruan Swanepoel
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
I welcome individuals, couples and families, while accommodating clients with sessions after office hours and over weekends. I specialise in providing counselling and tools to men & women ranging between the ages of 15 and 65+ who are struggling with identity, intimacy, lack of purpose, feelings of inadequacy, depression, looking for meaning in their lives, and a lack of meaning relationships. I have a passion for working with couples & families who have conflict or communication problems. I have extensive experience in working with career focused clients, conducting career planning, coaching & counselling.
I welcome individuals, couples and families, while accommodating clients with sessions after office hours and over weekends. I specialise in providing counselling and tools to men & women ranging between the ages of 15 and 65+ who are struggling with identity, intimacy, lack of purpose, feelings of inadequacy, depression, looking for meaning in their lives, and a lack of meaning relationships. I have a passion for working with couples & families who have conflict or communication problems. I have extensive experience in working with career focused clients, conducting career planning, coaching & counselling.
078 485 4482 View 078 485 4482
Photo of Dr. Angelic Nespola, MPsych, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr. Angelic Nespola
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cape Town City 8000
Seeking therapy can be daunting, so I'd like to tell you about my therapeutic approach and what you can expect. Through psychotherapy I journey with you in the pursuit of self-awareness and healing. ​In my sessions I promote gaining insight into yourself and processing emotions linked to past and present experiences. We will work to explore current difficulties and I will provide you with valuable tools to cope with life’s obstacles. In your first session you and I will discuss your needs and treatment goals to assist in personalising your therapeutic experience. 
Seeking therapy can be daunting, so I'd like to tell you about my therapeutic approach and what you can expect. Through psychotherapy I journey with you in the pursuit of self-awareness and healing. ​In my sessions I promote gaining insight into yourself and processing emotions linked to past and present experiences. We will work to explore current difficulties and I will provide you with valuable tools to cope with life’s obstacles. In your first session you and I will discuss your needs and treatment goals to assist in personalising your therapeutic experience. 
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Photo of Duduzile Maphanga, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Psychometrist
Duduzile Maphanga
Psychometrist, BSocSci Hons, HPCSA - Psychometrist
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
Feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, angry, lack of energy/exhaustion/chronic fatigue etc,? These could be signs that you may need psychological support. We provide a safe, warm, supportive and non-judgemental space to process difficulties such as: PERSONAL: Stress, Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Worry.. RELATIONSHIP & FAMILY: Separation, Divorce, Infidelity, Interpersonal conflict.. TRAUMA/GRIEF: Loss of loved ones, Death.. WORKPLACE: Disciplinary, Retrenchment, Conflict with co-workers/management, Career change, Poor performance, Burnout.. CHILD/TEEN/ADOLESCENT: ADHD, Career Counselling, Subject choice guidance..
Feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, angry, lack of energy/exhaustion/chronic fatigue etc,? These could be signs that you may need psychological support. We provide a safe, warm, supportive and non-judgemental space to process difficulties such as: PERSONAL: Stress, Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Worry.. RELATIONSHIP & FAMILY: Separation, Divorce, Infidelity, Interpersonal conflict.. TRAUMA/GRIEF: Loss of loved ones, Death.. WORKPLACE: Disciplinary, Retrenchment, Conflict with co-workers/management, Career change, Poor performance, Burnout.. CHILD/TEEN/ADOLESCENT: ADHD, Career Counselling, Subject choice guidance..
087 250 2042 x27 View 087 250 2042 x27
Photo of Carel Pj Mouton, MA, Social Worker
Carel Pj Mouton
Social Worker, MA
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
I aim to enable men and women to thrive by becoming the best version of themselves. The process addresses trauma, anger, stress and anxiety within themselves and their relationships through emotional awareness and practical interventions. During the sessions, I strive to enable my clients to experience physical and emotional relief from stress, anxiety and embodied trauma.
I aim to enable men and women to thrive by becoming the best version of themselves. The process addresses trauma, anger, stress and anxiety within themselves and their relationships through emotional awareness and practical interventions. During the sessions, I strive to enable my clients to experience physical and emotional relief from stress, anxiety and embodied trauma.
083 448 7178 View 083 448 7178
Photo of Ellie Lawrence. Counsellor. Life Coach Practitioner, BSocSci Hons
Ellie Lawrence. Counsellor. Life Coach Practitioner
BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
Overcome your Negative Thoughts and Low-Self Esteem! If you are experiencing depression or anxiety due to life's challenges, or have unresolved conflicting issues from childhood; it is time to address these stresses that are playing havoc with your mind. Making time to navigate through these issues, you will find inner healing and healthy solutions for your life! Sharing your challenges will definitely lighten your burden, no-matter what you are experiencing!
Overcome your Negative Thoughts and Low-Self Esteem! If you are experiencing depression or anxiety due to life's challenges, or have unresolved conflicting issues from childhood; it is time to address these stresses that are playing havoc with your mind. Making time to navigate through these issues, you will find inner healing and healthy solutions for your life! Sharing your challenges will definitely lighten your burden, no-matter what you are experiencing!
087 250 2389 x14 View 087 250 2389 x14
Photo of Jessica Smit, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Jessica Smit
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cape Town City 8000  (Online Only)
I am a bilingual registered counsellor, offering both individual and group counselling for children, adolescents and adults. My experience includes working with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and other learning difficulties. My approach is integrative, which means that I draw from various approaches and interventions and tailor them in a way that best suits each individual. I offer a safe and non-judgemental space which allows for clients to freely express their thoughts, opinions, feelings and experiences.
I am a bilingual registered counsellor, offering both individual and group counselling for children, adolescents and adults. My experience includes working with children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and other learning difficulties. My approach is integrative, which means that I draw from various approaches and interventions and tailor them in a way that best suits each individual. I offer a safe and non-judgemental space which allows for clients to freely express their thoughts, opinions, feelings and experiences.
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Photo of Rona Linde, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Rona Linde
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
What is the most important thing in the world? It is the people! This Maori proverb strongly reflect my life and work philosophy. The goal of my approach is the long-term alleviation of distress & suffering. Immediately after a session clients will often feel hopeful and their mood lifts. Thereafter they return to the same home or work environment which maintains the stress and they may feel exactly the same. CBT and DBT provide strategies for longer term relief and successful management of difficulties. Together we will focus on adjusting thoughts, working through difficult emotions, and changing self-defeating behaviours.
What is the most important thing in the world? It is the people! This Maori proverb strongly reflect my life and work philosophy. The goal of my approach is the long-term alleviation of distress & suffering. Immediately after a session clients will often feel hopeful and their mood lifts. Thereafter they return to the same home or work environment which maintains the stress and they may feel exactly the same. CBT and DBT provide strategies for longer term relief and successful management of difficulties. Together we will focus on adjusting thoughts, working through difficult emotions, and changing self-defeating behaviours.
087 250 2148 x57 View 087 250 2148 x57
Photo of Laila Kramer, General Counsellor
Laila Kramer
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000  (Online Only)
If you're a woman facing addiction, relationship issues, work stress, blended family challenges, or spiritual challenges, I offer a safe and supportive space to explore your options.
If you're a woman facing addiction, relationship issues, work stress, blended family challenges, or spiritual challenges, I offer a safe and supportive space to explore your options.
087 250 0536 x50 View 087 250 0536 x50
Photo of Mareli Csabai - Ask Mareli Counselling, General Counsellor
Ask Mareli Counselling
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Mareli Csabai, a compassionate counsellor who supports your mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. I take a holistic approach to counselling, recognizing that every part of your life is important. As a faith-based counsellor, I integrate spiritual guidance into the healing process for those who seek it. However, I warmly welcome individuals from all backgrounds, whether or not faith is part of your journey.
Hello, I'm Mareli Csabai, a compassionate counsellor who supports your mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. I take a holistic approach to counselling, recognizing that every part of your life is important. As a faith-based counsellor, I integrate spiritual guidance into the healing process for those who seek it. However, I warmly welcome individuals from all backgrounds, whether or not faith is part of your journey.
087 250 3069 x73 View 087 250 3069 x73
Photo of Rosemary Joubert, Registered Counsellor
Rosemary Joubert
Registered Counsellor
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8000
My passion is people and how to help them overcome issues that are affecting their daily lives as well as develop themselves further. We all have issues ranging from minor ones to major setbacks and these can include depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, internal turmoil, family or work issues and health problems to name but a few. We may have problems that stem from our childhood that we have never dealt with and these are now starting to affect our lives. Through counselling I aim to try and assist you in your pursuit of peace and find the ability to cope with what life throws your way.
My passion is people and how to help them overcome issues that are affecting their daily lives as well as develop themselves further. We all have issues ranging from minor ones to major setbacks and these can include depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, internal turmoil, family or work issues and health problems to name but a few. We may have problems that stem from our childhood that we have never dealt with and these are now starting to affect our lives. Through counselling I aim to try and assist you in your pursuit of peace and find the ability to cope with what life throws your way.
087 250 0442 x47 View 087 250 0442 x47
Photo of Klara de Villiers, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor
Klara de Villiers
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Vredehoek 8001  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling stuck? Anxious? Depressed? Overwhelmed and exhausted? Sometimes we don't even know what we are feeling at all. People start counselling for various reasons, all of which are completely valid. These could range from anything between unpacking and healing childhood trauma, to maintaining healthy habits and reaching personal goals. Some of us want to challenge our negative beliefs about the world or change detrimental patterns of behaviour, while others want to develop better boundaries or improve relationships.
Have you been feeling stuck? Anxious? Depressed? Overwhelmed and exhausted? Sometimes we don't even know what we are feeling at all. People start counselling for various reasons, all of which are completely valid. These could range from anything between unpacking and healing childhood trauma, to maintaining healthy habits and reaching personal goals. Some of us want to challenge our negative beliefs about the world or change detrimental patterns of behaviour, while others want to develop better boundaries or improve relationships.
087 250 0902 x94 View 087 250 0902 x94
Photo of Phetheni Glodin Nconco - Phetheni Therapy , MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Phetheni Therapy
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cape Town City 8000
We often start to seek therapy when feeling overwhelmed amongst various other reasons, while it can be an unfamiliar experience, I find it fulfilling to offer that space. I’m based in Milnerton and Woodstock Capetown. I obtained my Masters degree at Wits University. I speak multiple South African languages, including siSwati, isiZulu, isiXhosa, seTswana and English. I have experience in offering therapy to individuals living with depression, trauma, anxiety, loss, chronic illness, work related stress, relationship difficulties, and adjustment challenges.
We often start to seek therapy when feeling overwhelmed amongst various other reasons, while it can be an unfamiliar experience, I find it fulfilling to offer that space. I’m based in Milnerton and Woodstock Capetown. I obtained my Masters degree at Wits University. I speak multiple South African languages, including siSwati, isiZulu, isiXhosa, seTswana and English. I have experience in offering therapy to individuals living with depression, trauma, anxiety, loss, chronic illness, work related stress, relationship difficulties, and adjustment challenges.
087 250 2389 x39 View 087 250 2389 x39
Photo of Kaylyn Rose Parbhoo, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor
Kaylyn Rose Parbhoo
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cape Town City 8000
As a Specialist Wellness Counsellor at Aether Wellness Counselling, I recognise the importance of integrating the beliefs and cultures of my clients into my practice. My approach to wellness embraces the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit, ensuring I acknowledge the multiple paths to well-being and balance. I am committed to helping you explore the deeper aspects of your wellness, from emotional resilience and positive thoughts, to time management, and purpose. I love to help my clients develop internal resilience, which allows them to face their challenges head-on.
As a Specialist Wellness Counsellor at Aether Wellness Counselling, I recognise the importance of integrating the beliefs and cultures of my clients into my practice. My approach to wellness embraces the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit, ensuring I acknowledge the multiple paths to well-being and balance. I am committed to helping you explore the deeper aspects of your wellness, from emotional resilience and positive thoughts, to time management, and purpose. I love to help my clients develop internal resilience, which allows them to face their challenges head-on.
087 250 0160 x53 View 087 250 0160 x53
Photo of Kayla Bull, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Kayla Bull
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Cape Town City 8001
Are you looking to confront your emotional struggles and embark on a journey towards personal growth? Maybe you're grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship conflicts, or life transitions. If you're seeking support and coping strategies to navigate life's complexities, I offer short-term solution-focused therapy. Counselling with me provides a space without judgment, to explore your emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, and to gain insight into healthy and unhealthy patterns.
Are you looking to confront your emotional struggles and embark on a journey towards personal growth? Maybe you're grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship conflicts, or life transitions. If you're seeking support and coping strategies to navigate life's complexities, I offer short-term solution-focused therapy. Counselling with me provides a space without judgment, to explore your emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, and to gain insight into healthy and unhealthy patterns.
087 250 0914 x54 View 087 250 0914 x54

See more therapy options for Bakoven

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bakoven

< 10

Counsellors in Bakoven who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% Eating Disorders
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Anger Management

Average years in practice

17 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Bakoven see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bakoven?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.

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